679 research outputs found
Parameters in a Class of Leptophilic Dark Matter Models from PAMELA, ATIC and FERMI
In this work we study a class of leptophilic dark matter models, where the
dark matter interacts with the standard model particles via the
gauge boson, to explain the excess in cosmic rays
observed by ATIC and PAMELA experiments, and more recently by Fermi experiment.
There are three types of models: a) , b)
, and c) . Although ATIC or Fermi
data is consistent with PAMELA data separately, ATIC and Fermi data do not
agree with each other. We therefore aim to identify which of the three models
can explain which data set better. We find that models a) and b) can give
correct dark matter relic density and explain the ATIC and PAMELA data
simultaneously recur to the Breit-Wigner enhancement. Whereas model c) with a
larger mass can explain Fermi and PAMELA data simultaneously. In all
cases the model parameters are restricted to narrow regions. Future improved
data will decide which set of data are correct and also help to decide the
correct dark matter model.Comment: Latex 15 pages with 5 figures. Modified to include discussions of
recent Fermi data on the leptophilic models studied in this paper. Title also
modifie
Comprehensive Proteome Profiling of Platelet Identified a Protein Profile Predictive of Responses to An Antiplatelet Agent Sarpogrelate
Sarpogrelate is an antiplatelet agent widely used to treat arterial occlusive diseases. Evaluation of platelet aggregation is essential to monitor therapeutic effects of sarpogrelate. Currently, no molecular signatures are available to evaluate platelet aggregation. Here, we performed comprehensive proteome profiling of platelets collected from 18 subjects before and after sarpogrelate administration using LC-MS/MS analysis coupled with extensive fractionation. Of 5423 proteins detected, we identified 499 proteins affected by sarpogrelate and found that they strongly represented cellular processes related to platelet activation and aggregation, including cell activation, coagulation, and vesicle-mediated transports. Based on the network model of the proteins involved in these processes, we selected three proteins (cut-like homeobox 1; coagulation factor XIII, B polypeptide; and peptidylprolyl isomerase D) that reflect the platelet aggregation-related processes after confirming their alterations by sarpogrelate in independent samples using Western blotting. Our proteomic approach provided a protein profile predictive of therapeutic effects of sarpogrelate. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.1
ATIC and PAMELA Results on Cosmic e^\pm Excesses and Neutrino Masses
Recently the ATIC and PAMELA collaborations released their results which show
the abundant e^\pm excess in cosmic rays well above the background, but not for
the \bar{p}. Their data if interpreted as the dark matter particles'
annihilation imply that the new physics with the dark matter is closely related
to the lepton sector. In this paper we study the possible connection of the new
physics responsible for the cosmic e^\pm excesses to the neutrino mass
generation. We consider a class of models and do the detailed numerical
calculations. We find that these models can natually account for the ATIC and
PAMELA e^\pm and \bar{p} data and at the same time generate the small neutrino
masses.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Published version with minor corrections and more
reference
Seeing Elastin: A Near-Infrared Zwitterionic Fluorescent Probe for In Vivo Elastin Imaging
Elastic fibers are present in a variety of tissues and are responsible for their resilience. Until now, no optical contrast agent in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range of 700-900 nm has been reported for the imaging of elastic fibers. Here, we report the discovery of a NIR zwitterionic elastin probe ElaNIR (elastin NIR) through fluorescent-image-based screening. The probe was successfully applied for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo imaging by various imaging modalities. Age-related elastin differences shown by in vivo fluorescent and photoacoustic imaging indicated that ElaNIR can be a potentially convenient tool for uncovering changes of elastin in live models.11Ysciescopu
Electrochemical integration of graphene with light absorbing copper-based thin films
We present an electrochemical route for the integration of graphene with
light sensitive copper-based alloys used in optoelectronic applications.
Graphene grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) transferred to glass is
found to be a robust substrate on which photoconductive Cu_{x}S films of 1-2 um
thickness can be deposited. The effect of growth parameters on the morphology
and photoconductivity of Cu_{x}S films is presented. Current-voltage
characterization and photoconductivity decay experiments are performed with
graphene as one contact and silver epoxy as the other
R-Parity Breaking via Type II Seesaw, Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter and PAMELA Positron Excess
We propose a new class of R-parity violating extension of MSSM with type II
seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses where an unstable gravitino is the dark
matter of the Universe. It decays predominantly into three leptons final
states, thereby providing a natural explanation of the positron excess but no
antiproton excess in the PAMELA experiment. The model can explain neutrino
masses without invoking any high scale physics while keeping the pre-existing
baryon asymmetry of the universe in tact.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in PL
The Leptonic Higgs as a Messenger of Dark Matter
We propose that the leptonic cosmic ray signals seen by PAMELA and ATIC
result from the annihilation or decay of dark matter particles via states of a
leptonic Higgs doublet to leptons, linking cosmic ray signals of dark
matter to LHC signals of the Higgs sector. The states of the leptonic Higgs
doublet are lighter than about 200 GeV, yielding large and
event rates at the LHC. Simple models are
given for the dark matter particle and its interactions with the leptonic
Higgs, for cosmic ray signals arising from both annihilations and decays in the
galactic halo. For the case of annihilations, cosmic photon and neutrino
signals are on the verge of discovery.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures, minor typos corrected, references adde
A Stealth Supersymmetry Sampler
The LHC has strongly constrained models of supersymmetry with traditional
missing energy signatures. We present a variety of models that realize the
concept of Stealth Supersymmetry, i.e. models with R-parity in which one or
more nearly-supersymmetric particles (a "stealth sector") lead to collider
signatures with only a small amount of missing energy. The simplest realization
involves low-scale supersymmetry breaking, with an R-odd particle decaying to
its superpartner and a soft gravitino. We clarify the stealth mechanism and its
differences from compressed supersymmetry and explain the requirements for
stealth models with high-scale supersymmetry breaking, in which the soft
invisible particle is not a gravitino. We also discuss new and distinctive
classes of stealth models that couple through a baryon portal or Z' gauge
interactions. Finally, we present updated limits on stealth supersymmetry in
light of current LHC searches.Comment: 45 pages, 16 figure
An alternative route for the synthesis of silicon nanowires via porous anodic alumina masks
Amorphous Si nanowires have been directly synthesized by a thermal processing of Si substrates. This method involves the deposition of an anodic aluminum oxide mask on a crystalline Si (100) substrate. Fe, Au, and Pt thin films with thicknesses of ca. 30 nm deposited on the anodic aluminum oxide-Si substrates have been used as catalysts. During the thermal treatment of the samples, thin films of the metal catalysts are transformed in small nanoparticles incorporated within the pore structure of the anodic aluminum oxide mask, directly in contact with the Si substrate. These homogeneously distributed metal nanoparticles are responsible for the growth of Si nanowires with regular diameter by a simple heating process at 800°C in an Ar-H2 atmosphere and without an additional Si source. The synthesized Si nanowires have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman
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