Hentikan Revisi Uupa 1960 Untuk Neoimperialisme

Reformation in Indonesia, which was started by the fall of the New Order regime, apparently took on the meaning as the true implementation of neo liberalism such as economical liberalization, free trade, privatization, restructuring, governance, farming liberalization, and others. This is for the interest of expanding the modal of international capitalist. In the height of this neo liberalism phase, UUPA 1960 once faced challenges with the emergence of several proposed decrees (RUU) such as RUU Management of Natural Resources, RUU Water Resources, RUU Plantation, RUU Conservation and Exploitation of Genetics Resources, RUU Property, among others

The influence of the global photochemical composition of the troposphere on European summer smog, Part I: Application of a global to mesoscale model chain

Elevated mixing ratios of ozone in the lower troposphere are a major summer time air pollution issue in Europe. Photochemical in-situ production is the most important source of ozone in the planetary boundary layer and has been studied extensively. However, the contributions of background ozone due to stratospheric intrusions, lightning nitrogen oxide followed by ozone production, convective mixing and intercontinental transport are still poorly quantified. We analyze in this paper the influence of the large-scale ozone background on near-surface ozone throughout a summer smog period in July 1994 over Europe. For this purpose a chain of global to mesoscale models is applied with a nesting procedure coupling the individual model simulations. It is found that background ozone as determined by the global model dominates the results of the higher resolution limited area models increasingly with height. But improvements of limited area model results are not only restricted to the free troposphere. Strong convective events like thunderstorms couple free tropospheric and planetary boundary layer air masses so that ozone from above is injected into the planetary boundary layer contributing an amount of 5-10 ppbv to near-surface ozone in the afternoon hours. A decrease in the same range of 5-10 ppbv in maximum near-surface ozone over Central Europe is found in a model simulation where European anthropogenic emissions are reduced by 25%, an amount equal to the reported emission trends in Germany from 1994 to 2000. We conclude that intercontinental transport of pollution can obscure the results of local efforts to reduce critical exposure levels of ozone

Sources and budgets for CO and O-3 in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2001: Results from the PHOBEA-II Experiment

Abstract. Ground and airborne measurements of CO, ozone, and aerosols were obtained in th

I. Selim Bey’in ikinci kısım Amerika hatıraları

I. Selim Bey'in Haftalık Mecmua'da tefrika edilen I. Selim Bey’in İkinci Kısım Amerika Hatıraları adlı roman

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЛІКУВАЛЬНОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ ПРИ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНІЙ ХВОРОБІ

The main posnts of the helthy diet at trething and prevention of hypertension were analyzed in the article.У статті проаналізовано особливості лікувального та профілактичного харчування при гіпертонічній хворобі

Penyebaran Pencemar Udara Di Kawasan Industri Cilegon(the Dispersion Air Polutant at Cilegon Insdustry Area)

The dispersion of the air polution, especially from the industry is much decided by the height of the stack, the higher the stack the farthest pollutant being emitted. To analyze the pollutant dispersion in the industrial area, Screen3 model US-EPA from Environmental Protection Agency, USA is used. This model is used to analyze the pollutant dispersion emiitted by factories. After implementing the model to various atmosphere stability, it is found that the fastest the wind velocity, the bigger the maximum pollutant concentration emitted and the smaller the distance dispersion. After implementing the model with the wind velocity of 2.45 m/s , it is found that the air pollution (SO2) in Pulomerak area, the maximum concentration of pollutan is 252.20 μg/m3 with the dispersion distance of 4664 m. Meanwhile, based on the measurement, with the same wind velocity at the same area, the maximum concentration of the pollutant is of 29.57 μg/m3. Within the atmosphere C to E, the two pollutants spread out at the range of 9921 m to 18800 m from the source

Forecasting Model of Rice Production Using Weighted Rainfall Index in Subang, Karawang, and Indramayu Regency

Various forcasting models of rice production have been developed to support national food security. The forecasting models of national production which use recently have been carried out by the BPS and have not include the climate factors. Whereas, the climate factors influenced the rice\u27s production. The aim of this research is to develop the harvest area model using independent variables : Weighted Rainfall Index (WRI), SeaSurface Temperature (SST) Nino 3.4, and Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The models which developed was based on BPS models which consist of 3 periods. There are period 1 (January-April), period 2 (May-August), period 3 (September-December). Furthermore, rice production forecasting is the multiplication of harvest area and yield per ha. Rice production forecasting in one year is sum of the 3 periods. The research location are pantura areas, namely Karawang, Subang, and Indramayu. The result of the research showed that the model performance by WRI for period 2 (May-August) is better than period 1 and period 3. The mean of error for harvest area forecasting for periode 1, 2, and 3 of WRI variable, respectively is 14, 13, and 47%. Based on model validation, harvest area models by independent variable using WRI, SST Nino 3.4, DMI and ratio of harvest area and standard area, relatively have the same performance. One of the reasons is correlation between SST Nino 3.4 and DMI withrainfall is high. Mean of error for rice\u27s production forecasting of WRI are 13, 15, and 49%, while SST Nino 3.4, DMI, ratio of harvest area and standard area are 29, 12, and 51%. The range of error rice production forecasting at second year are 10-11%

Biomass burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow

Asian outflo

Top-down estimate of a large source of atmospheric carbon monoxide associated with fuel combustion in Asia

We simulate the oceanic and atmospheric distribution of methyl iodide (CH3I) with a global 3-D model driven by assimilated meteorological observations from the Goddard Earth Observing System of the NASA Data Assimilation Office and coupled to an oceanic mixed layer model. A global compilation of atmospheric and oceanic observations is used to constrain and evaluate the simulation. Seawater CH3I(aq) in the model is produced photochemically from dissolved organic carbon, and is removed by reaction with Cl− and emission to the atmosphere. The net oceanic emission to the atmosphere is 214 Gg yr−1. Small terrestrial emissions from rice paddies, wetlands, and biomass burning are also included in the model. The model captures 40% of the variance in the observed seawater CH3I(aq) concentrations. Simulated concentrations at midlatitudes in summer are too high, perhaps because of a missing biological sink of CH3I(aq). We define a marine convection index (MCI) as the ratio of upper tropospheric (8–12 km) to lower tropospheric (0–2.5 km) CH3I concentrations averaged over coherent oceanic regions. The MCI in the observations ranges from 0.11 over strongly subsiding regions (southeastern subtropical Pacific) to 0.40 over strongly upwelling regions (western equatorial Pacific). The model reproduces the observed MCI with no significant global bias (offset of only +11%) but accounts for only 15% of its spatial and seasonal variance. The MCI can be used to test marine convection in global models, complementing the use of radon-222 as a test of continental convection.Engineering and Applied Science