INTRODUCCIóN A LA AGROINDUSTRIA

Antologí

Evaluation of physico-chemical and microbiological quality of sheep meat in the central higlands of Mèxico

In order to develop a microbiological starting point for sheep meat production from Central Highlands of Mexico, the aim of the current research was to evaluate their microbiological and physico-chemical quality from slaughterhouses. Carcasses, utensils and workers’ hands samples were taken according to NOM 092-SSA1-1994, Official Chilean Standard NCh-ISO 17025 of 2005, NF V08-060 Microbiology of food and animal feedings stuffs and European Union Council and Parliament Regulations. The microbiological quality was analyzed by Mesophilic Aerobic, Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms values. Most of the slaughterhouses were close to the Superior Limit Permitted (MLP) for Mesophilic Aerobic values (3, 59 log10 UFC/mL) on sheep carcasses. Even though there were no fecal coliforms found on sheep carcasses, they have been found on knives, tables and workers’ hands in most of the slaughterhouses. In the physico-chemical variables initial and ultimate pH (45 min and 24 h), initial and ultimate temperature (45 min and 24 h), lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and tenderness were evaluated and there were significant differences among variables except for initial Temperature (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, although the physico-chemical characteristics were acceptable the Microbiological values overpass the MLP for Mesophilic Aerobic and Fecal Coliform haven’t been found any correlation between both of them at the analyst moment. However, because of the high sheep meat production in the Central Highlands of Mexico and these microbiological characteristics it has been concluded that is required a shared responsibility among the productive sector and from the government in order to regulate that production

Physicochemical characteristics that influence the meat pork quality in supermarkets in the central highlands of Mexico

Twenty-two supermarkets in the Central Highlands of Mexico were sampled in order to classify them and to compare their pork meat quality based on its physicochemical characteristics. The supermarkets were classified in three types in accordance with socioeconomic status of buyers as low, medium, and high. Methods: Samples were obtained from the Longissimus dorsi muscle from 10th to 12th ribs. Results: Objective color was L* 46.97, a* 6.22 and b* 5.1. Subjective color indicated that it was red with a value of 3.06, subjective marbling was 2.8 %, and objective value was 2.9 %. Moisture varied from 690 to 739.3 g/kg, protein varied from 205.5 g/kg to 229. 6 g/kg and shear force (SF) was 2.87 kg/cm2 . There were no significant differences (P≥0.05) between the variables besides subjective marbling. Tukey´s test indicated that the lowest average included low and medium socioeconomic status supermarkets, which means that the fat content found in the chop eye is less than in meat in high socioeconomic level supermarkets. Conclusions and recommendations: According to the results, pork sold in the supermarkets in the Central Highlands of Mexico was a tender meat with reddish pink color, firm texture and little exudation and with an appropriate protein and intramuscular fat contents

Effect of organic selenium-enriched yeast supplementation in finishing sheep diet on carcasses microbiological contamination and meat physical characteristics

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of feeding Pelibuey sheep on diet supplemented with different doses of organic selenium (Se)-enriched yeast on carcasses microbiological contamination and meat physical characteristics. The experiment was conducted during the finishing stage of 18 female sheep and lasted for 60 days. In a complete randomized design, sheep were distributed to one of three treatments: the control without Se-yeast (T1), the control supplemented with Se-yeast at 0.35 mg Se/kg DM (T2), and control supplemented with Se-yeast at 0.60 mg Se/kg DM (T3). The yeast product used was Selyeast 3000TM yeast (LFA Lesaffre, Toluca, Mexico) with a Se concentration of 3000 ppm (mg/kg). Lambs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment at an average weight of 39.5±4.41 kg and samples were taken for microbiological analysis. There were no differences between treatments (P>0.05) and the aerobic plate counts for T1, T2 and T3 had indexes of 0.10, 0.08 and 0.08 log10 CFU/cm2 , respectively. Total coliform counts obtained were 0.13, 0.10 and 0.09 log10 CFU/cm2 for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, and the faecal coliform counts were 0.09 log10 CFU/cm2 for T1, 0.06 log10 CFU/cm2 for T2 and 0.07 log10 CFU/cm2 for T3. No significant effects (P>0.05) were observed for carcasses physical characteristics of microbial growth, initial and ultimate pH and temperature, colour values and water holding capacity. It can therefore be concluded that organic Se-enriched yeast did not affect carcasses bacterial proliferation or meat physical characteristics.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support to Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) Key Project 00000000011623

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

INTRODUCCIÓN A LA AGROINDUSTRIA

Antologí

Determinación de la calidad fisicoquímica de la leche cruda producida en sistemas campesinos en dos regiones del Estado de México

Uno de los desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas campesinos de producción de leche en el Estado de México, México, consiste en cumplir estándares de calidad establecidos en la Norma Mexicana (NMX) NMX-F-700-COFOCALEC-2004 para leche cruda. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la calidad fi sicoquímica de la leche en diferentes épocas del año, zonas, y entre productores con actividad lechera principal o complementaria a su fuente de ingresos, así como la presencia de adulteraciones por agua agregada. Se determinó pH, acidez, densidad, contenido de grasa, proteína, lactosa, sólidos totales, cenizas y agua agregada. Se tomaron 360 muestras de leche en seis periodos; de agosto de 2003 a julio de 2004. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas, donde los factores de bloqueo fueron: las zonas, la parcela mayor, los productores, según su actividad lechera, la parcela menor y los seis periodos. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de varianza, prueba de Tukey y análisis de correlación y regresión. Se observó que la calidad fi sicoquímica de la leche cumple con la NMX para las zonas norte y sur de México, por importancia y por periodos. Se observaron diferencias signifi cativas (P < 0.05) en contenido de grasa, densidad y sólidos totales por zonas. También para densidad entre tipo de productores (P < 0.05), y para periodos (P < 0.05) en grasa, densidad y cenizas. El 6.4% de las muestras de leche estaban adulteradas con agua; como resultado de esto, se observó correlación negativa entre el porcentaje de agua agregada y la densidad (r = 0.9, P < 0.05), y entre el contenido de proteína y grasa (r = -0.9, P < 0.0)

The p.T191M mutation of the CBS gene is highly prevalent among homocystinuric patients from Spain, Portugal and South America (vol 51, pg 305, 2007)

Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainUniv Nacl Cordoba, Ctr Estudio Metab Congenitas, RA-5000 Cordoba, ArgentinaPontificia Univ Javeriana, Inst Genet Humana, Bogota, ColombiaUniv Antioquia, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol & Bioquim, Medellin, ColombiaFdn Estudio Enfermedades Neurometab, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaInst Genet Med Jacinto Magalhaes, Oporto, PortugalUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, UNIFESP, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Ramon & Cajal, Serv Pediat, Unidad Enfermedades Metab, E-28034 Madrid, SpainHosp Univ Materno Infantil, Unidad Gastroenterol & Nutr, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, SpainHosp Infantil La Fe, Unidad Nutr & Metab, Valencia, SpainHosp Clin Univ Santiago, Dept Pediat, Santiago de Compostela, SpainCorp Sanitaria Clin, Inst Bioquim Clin, Barcelona, SpainHosp St Joan Deu, Serv Bioquim, Barcelona, SpainUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, UNIFESP, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc