The Use of Natural Products as Potential Anti-Pseudomonas Agents

Pseudomonas is a genus of gram-negative gammaproteobacteria with a large range of diversity. Because of its ability to grow at low temperature, Pseudomonas is a cause of food spoilage. This bacterium is also a very common nosocomial infection of hospital patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of different natural products on Pseudomonas. The products included a polysaccharide, two flavonoids tangeretin and nobiletin and their derivatives, 5’OH-tangeretin and 5’OH-nobiletin, black tea polyphenol – theaflavins (TFs), as well as an herb named Fallopia multiflora (Chinese Knotweed). P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa were used as model organisms. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated at various concentrations by using a microtiter plate assay or culture tube assay. The inhibition of biofilm formation was also determined using crystal violet assay. The results indicated that the selected natural products have antibacterial effect and anti-biofilm formation on Pseudomonas. Of the seven compounds studied 2.5% theaflavin, 2.5% Chinese Knotweed, and 500 μM of tangeretin showed the greatest antimicrobial effect

Place names in the southwest border counties of Missouri

Page numbering skips page 18. There is a page "176" and a "176" in the paginationCounties: Webster, Wright, Christian, Douglas, Ozark, Taney, Stone, Barry, and McDonald"If, by chance, all the written evidence of the history of a region, the character of its people, its economic structure, and its physical qualities were swept away, the story of that region could be reconstructed with an astounding degree of accuracy, from the place-names of the section alone. The place-names of these counties of the Ozarks remarkably mirror its early history, its people, and their interests and tastes. To enable the reader to grasp the subject more easily and trace its course more methodically, a table of classification has been presented and discussed in the first chapter. All the names have been grouped under five heads: 1) Borrowed Names, 2) Historical Names, 3) Personal Names, 4) Environmental Names, and 5) Subjective Names. These five heads will cover practically all the place-names found in any locality, except for the unsolved and doubtful ones. These unsolved names have been listed at the end of Chapter One for the benefit of future investigators and students. Besides these five groups of classification there remain five additional ways in which almost all the names will repay study. They are: 1) The Composition of Names, 2) The Linguistic Features, such as spelling, pronunciation, and dialect words, 3) Non-English Names, 4) and 6) Folkways and Folklore. Chapter Two comprises a brief survey and discussion of the names with regard to these five special features. Chapter Three, embracing by far the greater part of the thesis in bulk, consists of a dictionary of all the place-names studied. In an Appendix I have discussed separately the school names of the section. Last of all I have placed my Bibliography."--Pages 18-19."This thesis is the record of careful research into the origin of the place-names of the lower southwest counties of Missouri. Nine counties, Webster, Wright, Christian, Douglas, Ozark, Taney, Stone, Barry, and McDonald have been studied, and the origin of place-names of counties, towns, post offices, streams, "hollows", hills, springs, "knobs", rivers, prairies, townships, mountains, valleys, ridges, gaps, and "balds" have been recorded, in so far as it was possible. These nine counties constitute a large part of what is known as the Ozark Region. It is only in the last few decades that the possibilities and the resources of this region have been fully realized. However, it is in the early history of this section that the romance of pioneer settlement and the character and qualities of these people are most clearly seen."--Page 1

Fifth survey of parents of three and four year old children and their use of early years services (Summer 2000 to Spring 2001)

The main aim of the survey was to establish rates of participation for three and four year olds in all forms of pre-school provision in England... The survey also investigated the characteristics of providers used and parents’ opinions of the quantity and quality of provision in the local area in general as well as of the providers they used, and the influences on their choice of providers

The effect of direct drilling and soil type on soil atmosphere composition

A study of the soil atmosphere in soils ploughed and cultivated normally and under long-term direct drilling was made in two soil types throughout a two year period, 1973 to 1975. Probes were sited at two depths, 15 cm and 30 cm, in the two cultivation treatments, mou\board ploughing to a depth of 20 cm and no-tillage, and in plots with different soil types, a sandy loam (Macmerry series) and a sandy clay loam (W'inton series). Spring barley (cv Zephyr) was grown every year.Soil atmosphere samples were withdrawn at weekly intervals and analysed by gas chromatography for carbon dioxide, oxygen, methane and ethylene.The sites were sampled for moisture content, bulk density and temperature to aid the interpretation of the results.In the first growing season the soil atmosphere had a higher carbon dioxide and lower oxygen percentage than in the second, this being related to a higher rainfall and temperature in the first season. Soil atmosphere composition was similar in the two winters. The methane component of the soil atmosphere declined throughout each growing season as soil moisture declined but levels were found to be higher in 1974- than 1973.Ethylene was not detected regularly and not in any appreciable quantity. There was a greater incidence of detection from probes sited in no-tillage plots at a depth of 30 cm. Oxygen levels, as sampled, have little influence on ethylene in the soil atmosphere.In a comparison between the treatments, no-tillage and ploughing, the carbon dioxide percentage of the soil atmosphere was always higher and the oxygen percentage lower, in the first growing season only, under no-tillage. This was related to a markedly lower air filled porosity in this treatment. Similarly in the first growing season differences in the soil atmosphere between soil types were seen with a higher carbon dioxide and lower oxygen percentage in the Winton soil. This soil was consistently lower in air filled porosity but only at the low levels found in the first, wetter, growing season was this difference reflected in the composition of the soil atmosphere. The soil atmosphere at 30 cm was higher in carbon dioxide and lover in oxygen than the soil atmosphere at 15 cm.The soil was also sampled at monthly intervals for one year and incubated anaerobically in the laboratory. This showed that throughout the year the soil did have the capacity to produce ethylene.PTFE tubing as a soil atmosphere sampling tool was investigated and shown to be successful

Reviews

Seels, Barbara B. and Richey, Rita C, Instructional Technology: The Definition and Domains of the Field, Washington DC, Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1994. ISBN 0–89240–072–2

Application of a portable FTIR for measuring on-road emissions

The objective of this work was the development of an onroad in-vehicle emissions measurement technique utilizing a relatively new, commercial, portable Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrometer capable of identifying and measuring (at approximately 3 second intervals) up to 51 different compounds. The FTIR was installed in a medium class EURO1 spark ignition passenger vehicle in order to measure on-road emissions. The vehicle was also instrumented to allow the logging of engine speed, road speed, global position, throttle position, air-fuel ratio, air flow and fuel flow in addition to engine, exhaust and catalyst temperatures. This instrumentation allowed the calculation of massbased emissions from the volume-based concentrations measured by the FTIR. To validate the FTIR data, the instrument was used to measure emissions from an engine subjected to a real-world drive cycle using an AC dynamometer. Standard analyzers were operated simultaneously for comparison with the FTIR and the standard analyzer results showed that most pollutants (NOx, CO2, CO) were within ~10% of a standard analyzer during steady state conditions and within 20% during transients. The exception to this was total HC which was generally 50% or less than actual total HC, but this was due to the limited number of hydrocarbons measured by the FTIR. In addition to the regulated emissions, five toxic hydrocarbon species were analyzed and found to be sensitive to cold starts in varying proportions. Finally, FTIR data was compared to results from a commercially available on-road measurement system (Horiba OBS- 1000), and there was good agreement