Effects of selection for yolk cholesterol on growth and meat quality in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Descendants () of S18 generation of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), selected for low (line 11, n=15) or for high (line 12, n=6) yolk cholesterol content were used for this experiment. The high (12) and low (11) lines were developed from a control egg type (line13) wild color plumage stock 07, from Poultry Breeding Station in Ivanka at Danube (Slovakia) that was maintained without conscious selection. The results of selected lines were compared to this one from unselected lines, egg type (line 13, n=15) and meat type (line 8, n=15), to study productive performance (growth and carcass weight) as well as meat quality traits (intramuscular collagen properties, fatty and cholesterol content). The birds were grown up to 35 days of age. Quails were fed ad libitum with commercial diets according to their ages. Animals had free access to water during the experiment. The body weight of the quails was controlled every week (from week 1 to 5). At the slaughter (at avg. weight of 104.0, 107.7, 110.6 g vs 209.3 g for lines 11, 12, 13 vs 8, respectively; P<0.05) the hot carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage was calculated. Pectoralis superficialis muscles were removed from the carcasses to assess intramuscular collagen (IMC) properties (collagen and crosslink concentrations), intramuscular lipid and cholesterol contents. Growth and slaughter performance, intramuscular fat percentage and IMC properties of Pectoralis superficialis were not different between the birds selected for low (line 11) and high (line 12) yolk cholesterol content and were also found to be similar between the quails of egg type and those selected for yolk cholesterol content (lines 11 and 12). Compared to the birds of egg type line and those selected for yolk cholesterol content, the quails of meat type had higher growth and carcass traits (P<0.05), while meat quality traits were found to be similar. The meat of the quails selected for low cholesterol in the egg yolk (line 11) had lower (P<0.05) cholesterol (-35.9%) than that of the birds characterized by high cholesterol in the egg yolk (line 12). In conclusion, divergent selection for yolk cholesterol content did not significantly influence growth and slaughter traits, intramuscular fat and IMC properties of Japanese quail, while it affected the amount of cholesterol in meat. The quails of meat type showed the highest growth and slaughter traits

Fatty acid composition of meat and genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci in 3 generations of Japanese quail populations

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different lines and generations of adult males and females of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) on total lipid, fatty acid (FA) composition and cholesterol content of breast muscle, as well as the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the above mentioned meat quality traits. Forty-four quails (generation F0), 22 Pharaoh (F-33) meat-type males and 22 Standard (S-22) laying-type females, were crossed to produce the F1 hybrids generation. F2 generation was created by mating one F1 male with one F1 female, full siblings. The birds, randomly chosen from F0 (22 males and 22 females), F1 (22 males and 22 females) and F2 (84 males and 152 females), were raised to 20 weeks of age in collective cages. After slaughter the carcasses were dissected and the breast muscle was removed for the chemical analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood and 30 microsatellite markers located on two quail chromosomes were genotyped. S-22 quails exhibited higher amounts of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while F-33 quails had a greater content of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). F-33 quails supplied meat with lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. A partial effect of sex on the FA composition of quail meat was found in the F1 generation; while in the F2 generation a sex-effect was more evident. F2 females exhibited a higher PUFA content and PUFA/SFA ratio, and a lower muscle cholesterol content compared to F2 males. In conclusion, total lipid, FA composition and cholesterol content were affected by first- and second-generation crosses. For the cholesterol content a QTL showing additive effect has been detected on CJA02 at 85 cM; no QTLs were found for total SFA, MUFA and PUFA. To current knowledge, this is the first study of a QTL associated with muscle cholesterol in quails

3β-Acet­oxy-12α-chloro-d-friedooleanan-28,14β-olide

The title compound, C32H49ClO4, was obtained along with nitrile and lactam products in the POCl3-catalysed Beckmann rearrangement from 3β-acet­oxy-12-hydroxyiminoolean-28-olic acid methyl ester. The mechanism of the transformation leading to the title compound remains unclear and requires further investigation. Rings A, B and E are in chair conformations, ring C has a twisted-boat conformation, ring D a conformation halfway between boat and twisted-boat and rings D and E are cis-fused. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into layers extending parallel to the bc plane

Reduction in the level of antibodies against heat shock proteins 60 during different hormonal protocols in postmenopausal women

Introduction: In current literature, the immune-inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis is widely discussed. The role of how heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) lead to the development of the atheromatous plaque is especially underlined. The aim of the study is to estimate the influence of three hormonal protocols on behavior of antibodies against HSP60. It determines the state of endothelium in postmenopausal women. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 90 women between 2007 and 2012. All the women were in their menopausal age (51 ± 3 years), from the south region of Poland, with a follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level above 25 mIU/ml, and with menopausal symptoms disturbing their normal daily activity. The study was done for a period of 6 months. Three groups of 30 randomized patients were formed. In the first group we used transdermal estrogen therapy in a 37.5 µg/24 h dose combined with a 10 mg dose of dydrogesterone. In the second group we applied transdermal estrogen therapy in a 50 µg/24 h dose with 2.5 mg of oral medroxyprogesterone. In both these groups, gestagens were administered continuously. In the third group, we prescribed continuous, oral, low-dose combined estrogen-gestagen therapy with 1 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg of norethisterone acetate. The control group consisted of 30 volunteers who were also from the south region of Poland, in good health, with menopausal symptoms, no menstrual period for the last 12 months, selected considering their age and weight, with an FSH level above 25 mIU/ml and with normal levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. All patients treated and in the control group were seronegative to Chlamydia pneumonia for the entire duration of the study. In the analysis conducted, nonparametric tests were used (Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test - ANOVA). Results: After 6 months of hormonal therapy, we found that all schemes of treatment promote a significant reduction in antibodies against HSP60 in all treated groups vs. the control group. Conclusions: All of the investigated estrogen protocols have a favorable impact on the blood level of HSP60 antibodies in early postmenopausal women who have no cardiovascular risk factors. It triggers a better condition of endothelium

Anisotropic intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of phosphorene from first principles

Phosphorene, the single layer counterpart of black phosphorus, is a novel two-dimensional semiconductor with high carrier mobility and a large fundamental direct band gap, which has attracted tremendous interest recently. Its potential applications in nano-electronics and thermoelectrics call for a fundamental study of the phonon transport. Here, we calculate the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of phosphorene by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) based on first-principles calculations. The thermal conductivity of phosphorene at $300\,\mathrm{K}$ is $30.15\,\mathrm{Wm^{-1}K^{-1}}$ (zigzag) and $13.65\,\mathrm{Wm^{-1}K^{-1}}$ (armchair), showing an obvious anisotropy along different directions. The calculated thermal conductivity fits perfectly to the inverse relation with temperature when the temperature is higher than Debye temperature ($\Theta_D = 278.66\,\mathrm{K}$). In comparison to graphene, the minor contribution around $5\%$ of the ZA mode is responsible for the low thermal conductivity of phosphorene. In addition, the representative mean free path (MFP), a critical size for phonon transport, is also obtained.Comment: 5 pages and 6 figures, Supplemental Material available as http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/c4/c4cp04858j/c4cp04858j1.pd

Metastatic tumors of pancreas — whether and when surgical intervention is gainful for diseased people. Retrospective analysis of data from three surgery centers

Introduction. Metastatic tumors in the pancreas constitute a small (2–5%), but steadily growing percentage of all neoplasms of this organ. The aim of the study was to analyze the surgical treatment of metastases in the pancreas, in particular its effectiveness and the risk of surgical complications. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis was performed on 21 patients treated surgically in three surgical centers. This group included 16 women (76%) and 5 men (24%). The median age at the time of diagnosis of the underlying disease was 55.5 years (41–71). We analyzed the location of secondary lesions, their size, number, type and radicality of surgical intervention, histopathological diagnosis of the disease, as well as the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results. The starting point for metastatic lesions in 16 patients (76%) was renal cell carcinoma (RCC), in other cases — skin melanoma, eyeball melanoma, adenocarcinoma of the rectum, non-small-cell bronchi carcinoma. R0 radical surgery was performed in 15 patients (74%) and perioperative mortality was 5% (1 patient died). The median total survival time was 151 months (10–342), with 168 months for RCC (25–344) and 62 months for the remaining cancers (10–241). Conclusions. The main factor that determines the patient’s future fate is the type of primary neoplasm and surgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the pancreas is the best solution for selected RCC cases

Complement-opsonized nano-carriers are bound by dendritic cells (DC) via complement receptor (CR)3, and by B cell subpopulations via CR-1/2, and affect the activation of DC and B-1 cells

The development of nanocarriers (NC) for biomedical applications has gained large interest due to their potential to co-deliver drugs in a cell-type-targeting manner. However, depending on their surface characteristics, NC accumulate serum factors, termed protein corona, which may affect their cellular binding. We have previously shown that NC coated with carbohydrates to enable biocompatibility triggered the lectin-dependent complement pathway, resulting in enhanced binding to B cells via complement receptor (CR)1/2. Here we show that such NC also engaged all types of splenic leukocytes known to express CR3 at a high rate when NC were pre-incubated with native mouse serum resulting in complement opsonization. By focusing on dendritic cells (DC) as an important antigen-presenting cell type, we show that CR3 was essential for binding/uptake of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR4, which in mouse is specifically expressed by DC, played no role. Further, a minor B cell subpopulation (B-1), which is important for first-line pathogen responses, and co-expressed CR1/2 and CR3, in general, engaged NC to a much higher extent than normal B cells. Here, we identified CR-1/2 as necessary for binding of complement-opsonized NC, whereas CR3 was dispensable. Interestingly, the binding of complement-opsonized NC to both DC and B-1 cells affected the expression of activation markers. Our findings may have important implications for the design of nano-vaccines against infectious diseases, which codeliver pathogen-specific protein antigen and adjuvant, aimed to induce a broad adaptive cellular and humoral immune response by inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kill infected cells and pathogen-neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Decoration of nano-vaccines either with carbohydrates to trigger complement activation in vivo or with active complement may result in concomitant targeting of DC and B cells and thereby may strongly enhance the extent of dual cellular/humoral immune responses

Rozważania o nauce i dogmatyce prawa. Materiały konferencji naukowej zorganizowanej przez Wydział Administracji Krakowskiej Szkoły Wyższej Im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego

SŁOWO WSTĘPNE W Krakowskiej Szkole Wyższej im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego odbyła się 25 stycznia 2002 roku konferencja naukowa pt. „Rozważania o nauce i dogmatyce prawa” zorganizowana przez Wydział Administracji tej uczelni. Prezentowany zeszyt zawiera materiały stanowiące zbiór referatów zgłoszonych na tę sesję. Tematyka publikowanych niżej tekstów jest dość zróżnicowana. Wiąże się to z różnorodnymi zainteresowaniami naukowymi zatrudnionych, lub współpracujących z Wydziałem Administracji Krakowskiej Szkoły Wyższej pracowników naukowo-dydaktycznych. Chcieliśmy bowiem tę pierwszą prawniczą sesję zorganizować wyłącznie w oparciu o własną kadrę, dając tym samym przegląd prac badawczych prowadzonych w uczelni. Referaty koncentrowały się wokół problemów współczesnego prawa, po części sięgając także do niezbyt odległej przeszłości. Część pierwsza - „O nauce i stosowaniu prawa” - zawiera teksty poświęcone głównie szeroko rozumianej problematyce prawnoadministracyjnej, od nauki administracji i prawa administracyjnego po zagadnienia dogmatyki tego prawa. W części drugiej - zatytułowanej „W kręgu teorii, filozofii i kodyfikacji prawa” - znalazły się prace dotyczące prawa opartego na normach religijnych i moralnych, prawa natury, konstytucyjnej ochrony praw człowieka oraz prac nad kodyfikacją prawa rodzinnego. Oddając do rąk Czytelnika poniższy zeszyt pragnę wyrazić nadzieję, że rozbudzi on zainteresowanie nie tylko prezentowaną problematyką, ale także Szkołą, w której prace te powstały. Prof, dr hab. Jerzy Malec Dziekan Wydziału Administracji Krakowskiej Szkoły Wyższej im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskieg

Guzy przerzutowe trzustki — czy i kiedy leczenie operacyjne jest korzystne dla chorego. Analiza retrospektywna materiału trzech ośrodków chirurgicznych

Wstęp. Guzy przerzutowe trzustki stanowią niewielki (2–5%), ale stale rosnący, odsetek wszystkich nowotworów tego narządu. Celem pracy była analiza leczenia operacyjnego przerzutów nowotworowych do trzustki, w szczególności jego skuteczności i ryzyka powikłań chirurgicznych. Materiał i metody. Analizie retrospektywnej poddano 21 chorych leczonych operacyjnie w trzech ośrodkach chirurgicznych. W tej grupie znajdowało się 16 kobiet (76%) i 5 mężczyzn (24%). Mediana wieku chorych w chwili rozpoznania choroby podstawowej wyniosła 55,5 roku (41–71). Przeanalizowano lokalizację zmian wtórnych, ich wielkość, liczbę, typ oraz radykalność interwencji chirurgicznej, rozpoznanie histopatologiczne choroby, a także wystąpienie powikłań pooperacyjnych. Wyniki. Punktem wyjścia zmian przerzutowych u 16 chorych (76%) był rak nerkowokomórkowy nerki (renal cel carcinoma, RCC), w pozostałych przypadkach — czerniak skóry, czerniak gałki ocznej, rak gruczołowy odbytnicy, rak niedrobnokomórkowy oskrzela. Operację o radykalności R0 udało się wykonać u 15 chorych (74%), a śmiertelność okołooperacyjna wynosiła 5% (zmarł 1 chory). Mediana całkowitego czasu przeżycia wynosiła 151 miesięcy (10–342), przy czym dla RCC było to 168 miesięcy (25–344), a dla pozostałych nowotworów 62 miesiące (10–241). Wnioski. Głównym czynnikiem, który determinuje dalszy los chorego, jest rodzaj nowotworu pierwotnego, a leczenie operacyjne guzów przerzutowych trzustki jest najlepszym rozwiązaniem dla wyselekcjonowanych przypadków RCC