1,606 research outputs found
Hadronic production of squark-squark pairs: The electroweak contributions
We compute the electroweak (EW) contributions to squark--squark pair
production processes at the LHC within the framework of the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Both tree-level EW contributions, of
O(alpha_s alpha + alpha^2), and next-to-leading order (NLO) EW corrections, of
O(alpha_s^2 alpha), are calculated. Depending on the flavor and chirality of
the produced quarks, many interferences between EW-mediated and QCD-mediated
diagrams give non-zero contributions at tree-level and NLO. We discuss the
computational techniques and present an extensive numerical analysis for
inclusive squark--squark production as well as for subsets and single
processes. While the tree-level EW contributions to the integrated cross
sections can reach the 20% level, the NLO EW corrections typically lower the LO
prediction by a few percent.Comment: 36 pages, 18 figure
Hadronic production of bottom-squark pairs with electroweak contributions
We present the complete computation of the tree-level and the next-to-leading
order electroweak contributions to bottom-squark pair production at the LHC.
The computation is performed within the minimal supersymmetric extension of the
Standard Model. We discuss the numerical impact of these contributions in
several supersymmetric scenarios.Comment: 33 pages, v2: preprint numbers correcte
Spatially-resolved electronic and vibronic properties of single diamondoid molecules
Diamondoids are a unique form of carbon nanostructure best described as
hydrogen-terminated diamond molecules. Their diamond-cage structures and
tetrahedral sp3 hybrid bonding create new possibilities for tuning electronic
band gaps, optical properties, thermal transport, and mechanical strength at
the nanoscale. The recently-discovered higher diamondoids (each containing more
than three diamond cells) have thus generated much excitement in regards to
their potential versatility as nanoscale devices. Despite this excitement,
however, very little is known about the properties of isolated diamondoids on
metal surfaces, a very relevant system for molecular electronics. Here we
report the first molecular scale study of individual tetramantane diamondoids
on Au(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We find that
both the diamondoid electronic structure and electron-vibrational coupling
exhibit unique spatial distributions characterized by pronounced line nodes
across the molecular surfaces. Ab-initio pseudopotential density functional
calculations reveal that the observed dominant electronic and vibronic
properties of diamondoids are determined by surface hydrogen terminations, a
feature having important implications for designing diamondoid-based molecular
devices.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. to appear in Nature Material
Light MSSM Higgs boson mass to three-loop accuracy
The light CP even Higgs boson mass, Mh, is calculated to three-loop accuracy
within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The result is
expressed in terms of DRbar parameters and implemented in the computer program
H3m. The calculation is based on the proper approximations and their
combination in various regions of the parameter space. The three-loop effects
to Mh are typically of the order of a few hundred MeV and opposite in sign to
the two-loop corrections. The remaining theory uncertainty due to higher order
perturbative corrections is estimated to be less than 1 GeV.Comment: 39 pages, 13 figures. v2: minor changes, typos fixe
Maria Auxiliadora Hospital in Lima, Peru as a model for neurosurgical outreach to international charity hospitals
A myriad of geopolitical and financial obstacles have kept modern neurosurgery from effectively reaching the citizens of the developing world. Targeted neurosurgical outreach by academic neurosurgeons to equip neurosurgical operating theaters and train local neurosurgeons is one method to efficiently and cost effectively improve sustainable care provided by international charity hospitals. The International Neurosurgical Children’s Association (INCA) effectively improved the available neurosurgical care in the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital of Lima, Peru through the advancement of local specialist education and training.
Neurosurgical equipment and training were provided for the local neurosurgeons by a mission team from the University of California at San Diego.
At the end of 3Â years, with one intensive week trip per year, the host neurosurgeons were proficiently and independently applying microsurgical techniques to previously performed operations, and performing newly learned operations such as neuroendoscopy and minimally invasive neurosurgery.
Our experiences may serve as a successful template for the execution of other small scale, sustainable neurosurgery missions worldwide
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'So wide and varied': The origins and character of British information science
This paper examines some characteristics of the ‘British School’ of information science. Three main forces driving the development of the new subject in Britain are identified: the documentation movement; special libraries; and the need for better treatment of scientific and technical information. Five characteristics which, taken together, distinguish the early British approach to information science from those adopted elsewhere are identified: its subject-based nature; its broad approach to information and information science; its status as an academic subject with a strong professional remit; its involvement with, but distinction from, information technology; and its involvement with memory institutions. Lessons are drawn for the future development of the information sciences
NLO QCD bottom corrections to Higgs boson production in the MSSM
We present a calculation of the two-loop bottom-sbottom-gluino contributions
to Higgs boson production via gluon fusion in the MSSM. The calculation is
based on an asymptotic expansion in the masses of the supersymmetric particles,
which are assumed to be much heavier than the bottom quark and the Higgs
bosons. We obtain explicit analytic results that allow for a straightforward
identification of the dominant contributions in the NLO bottom corrections. We
emphasize the interplay between the calculations of the masses and the
production cross sections of the Higgs bosons, discussing sensible choices of
renormalization scheme for the parameters in the bottom/sbottom sector.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures. v2: references and two figures added, version
published in JHE
Interplay of LFV and slepton mass splittings at the LHC as a probe of the SUSY seesaw
We study the impact of a type-I SUSY seesaw concerning lepton flavour
violation (LFV) both at low-energies and at the LHC. The study of the di-lepton
invariant mass distribution at the LHC allows to reconstruct some of the masses
of the different sparticles involved in a decay chain. In particular, the
combination with other observables renders feasible the reconstruction of the
masses of the intermediate sleptons involved in decays. Slepton mass splittings can be either
interpreted as a signal of non-universality in the SUSY soft breaking-terms
(signalling a deviation from constrained scenarios as the cMSSM) or as being
due to the violation of lepton flavour. In the latter case, in addition to
these high-energy processes, one expects further low-energy manifestations of
LFV such as radiative and three-body lepton decays. Under the assumption of a
type-I seesaw as the source of neutrino masses and mixings, all these LFV
observables are related. Working in the framework of the cMSSM extended by
three right-handed neutrino superfields, we conduct a systematic analysis
addressing the simultaneous implications of the SUSY seesaw for both high- and
low-energy lepton flavour violation. We discuss how the confrontation of
slepton mass splittings as observed at the LHC and low-energy LFV observables
may provide important information about the underlying mechanism of LFV.Comment: 50 pages, 42 eps Figures, typos correcte
The Passive Yet Successful Way of Planktonic Life: Genomic and Experimental Analysis of the Ecology of a Free-Living Polynucleobacter Population
Background: The bacterial taxon Polynucleobacter necessarius subspecies asymbioticus represents a group of planktonic freshwater bacteria with cosmopolitan and ubiquitous distribution in standing freshwater habitats. These bacteria comprise,1 % to 70 % (on average about 20%) of total bacterioplankton cells in various freshwater habitats. The ubiquity of this taxon was recently explained by intra-taxon ecological diversification, i.e. specialization of lineages to specific environmental conditions; however, details on specific adaptations are not known. Here we investigated by means of genomic and experimental analyses the ecological adaptation of a persistent population dwelling in a small acidic pond. Findings: The investigated population (F10 lineage) contributed on average 11 % to total bacterioplankton in the pond during the vegetation periods (ice-free period, usually May to November). Only a low degree of genetic diversification of the population could be revealed. These bacteria are characterized by a small genome size (2.1 Mb), a relatively small number of genes involved in transduction of environmental signals, and the lack of motility and quorum sensing. Experiments indicated that these bacteria live as chemoorganotrophs by mainly utilizing low-molecular-weight substrates derived from photooxidation of humic substances. Conclusions: Evolutionary genome streamlining resulted in a highly passive lifestyle so far only known among free-living bacteria from pelagic marine taxa dwelling in environmentally stable nutrient-poor off-shore systems. Surprisingly, such a lifestyle is also successful in a highly dynamic and nutrient-richer environment such as the water column of the investigate
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