12 research outputs found

    Seletividade, eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas e persistência no solo de imazamox aplicado na cultura do feijoeiro.

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    O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade, o controle de plantas daninhas e a persistência no solo de imazamox aplicado na cultura do feijoeiro, durante os anos de 1995 a 1997. Nos experimentos de seletividade foram testados: imazamox (20, 30 e 40 g i.a./ha), imazamox + bentazon (30+480 g i.a./ha), imazamox + fomesafen (30+125 g i.a./ha) e testemunha nas cultivares Pérola, Jalo Precoce, Novo Jalo e Xamego. Os experimentos foram mantidos livres de plantas daninhas e foram avaliadas a fitotoxicidade visual e a produção de grãos. Nos experimentos de eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas foram testados: imazamox (20, 30 e 40 g i.a./ha), bentazon (480 g i.a./ha), fomesafen (125 e 250 g i.a./ha), imazamox + bentazon (30+480 g i.a./ha), imazamox + fomesafen (30 + 125 g i.a./ha), bentazon / imazamox (480/30 g i.a/ha, aplicação seqüencial), fomesafen/imazmox (125/30 g i.a./ha, aplicação seqüencial), fomesafen/fomesafen (100/100 g i.a./ha, aplicação seqüencial) e testemunha. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de controle de Euphorbia heterophylla e Bidens pilosa. Para o estudo da persistência de imazamox no solo, foram conduzidos experimentos em dois locais: Goiânia, GO (argiloso) e Jussara, GO (arenoso). Imazamox (40 g i.a./ha) causou injúrias à cultura do feijoeiro que acarretaram redução de 15% na produtividade (média dos experimentos). A mistura de imazamox e bentazon causou menor grau de injúrias no feijoeiro, obtendo-se ganhos de produtividade de 8% (médias dos experimentos). Imazamox mostrou-se ineficiente para o controle de Bidens pilosa, enquanto para Euphorbia heterophylla observou-se controle eficiente a partir da dose de 40 g i.a./ha. Aplicações seqüenciais de fomesafen/imazamox (125/30 g i.a/ha) apresentaram controle eficiente de Euphorbia heterophylla e Bidens pilosa. A persistência de imazamox no solo, para ambos os locais, foi maior em 1995 que 1996. Isto foi devido à maior umidade do solo em 1996. A sensibilidade das culturas sucedâneas aos resíduos de imazamox no solo foi, em ordem decrescente: sorgo, milho e arroz. O período entre a aplicação do herbicida e o plantio da cultura sucedânea (INP) variou de acordo com a sensibilidade das culturas aos resíduos de imazamox no solo e à sua persistência. Considerando ambos os locais e anos, o INP variou de 68 a 111 dias para milho, 78 a 139 dias para sorgo e 25 a 75 dias para o arroz

    Sorção e dessorção do imazaquin em solos com diferentes características granulométricas, químicas e mineralógicas Imazaquin sorption and desorption in soils with different mineralogical, physical and chemical characteristics

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    O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a sorção e dessorção do imazaquin em solos com diferentes características granulométricas, químicas e mineralógicas por meio de isotermas e estudos de cinética e, assim, quantificar a histerese no processo de sorção-dessorção. Os solos utilizados foram classificados como Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (LVdf), Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) e Neossolo Quartzarênico (RQ). Os solos foram secos ao ar e peneirados em malha de 2 mm, sendo então procedida à caracterização dessas amostras. A molécula radiomarcada com 14C utilizada foi o imazaquin, herbicida do grupo das imidazolinonas. A radioatividade foi determinada por espectrometria de cintilação líquida. Os ensaios foram realizados em sala climatizada (25 &plusmn; 2 &deg;C). Nas isotermas de sorção, foram utilizadas cinco concentrações do imazaquin (0,67; 1,34; 2,68; 5,36; 10,72 µmol L-1), sendo os resultados ajustados à equação de Freundlich, obtendo, assim, os parâmetros de sorção. Na seqüência, foram realizadas quatro extrações com solução 0,005 mol L-1 de CaCl2, determinando-se os parâmetros de dessorção de forma similar à sorção. No ensaio de cinética de sorção, foi determinada a quantidade sorvida de imazaquin, a partir da adição de solução de 2,99 µmol L-1 do imazaquin, em períodos preestabelecidos (0; 0,5; 1; 3; 6; 12; 24 e 48 h, após a aplicação do imazaquin), com os resultados sendo ajustados à equação de Elovich. De maneira geral, o imazaquin apresentou baixa sorção para os três solos, com os maiores coeficientes de sorção nos solos com maior teor de argila e CO. Os coeficientes de dessorção foram maiores que os coeficientes de sorção, demonstrando a ocorrência de histerese. A cinética de sorção mostrou que o imazaquin foi sorvido em duas etapas: uma rápida, que apresentou a maior fração sorvida, e outra lenta. A aplicação da Lei de Fick aos dados experimentais do ensaio de cinética indica que mecanismos de difusão podem estar envolvidos neste processo.<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the sorption and desorption of imazaquin in soils with different granulometric, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Isotherms and kinetics studies were carried out to quantify the hysteresis between sorption and desorption processes. The soils were classified as Rhodic Hapludox (LVdf), Typic Hapludox (LVA) and Typic Quartzipsamment (RQ). The soils were air-dried and passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, and the chemical, physical and mineralogical properties characterized. The radiolabeled molecule (14C) was imazaquin, an herbicide of the imidazolinone group. Radioactivity was quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The trials were carried out under controlled temperature conditions (25 &plusmn; 2 &deg;C). Five imazaquin concentrations were used (0.67; 1.34; 2.68; 5.36; and 10.72 µmol L-1) for the sorption isotherms. The experimental data were fitted to the Freundlich equation so that sorption parameters were obtained. Subsequently, four extractions were performed with a 0.005 mol L-1CaCl2 solution in order to determine desorption parameters in a similar way for sorption. For sorption kinetics, the sorbed imazaquin amount (2.99 µmol L-1) was determined after different time intervals (0; 0.5; 1; 3; 6; 12; 24, and 48 h after imazaquin application), and the results adjusted to the Elovich equation. Imazaquin generally presented low sorption to the three soils, with higher sorption coefficients in the soils with higher clay and organic carbon content. The desorption coefficients were higher than those of sorption, evidencing the occurrence of hysteresis. Sorption kinetics showed that imazaquin is sorbed in two phases - a rapid one that presented the largest sorbed fraction, and another slower one. The application of Fick&acute;s Law to the kinetic data showed that diffusion mechanisms might be involved in this process

    TorsinA controls TAN line assembly and the retrograde flow of dorsal perinuclear actin cables during rearward nuclear movement

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    The nucleus is positioned toward the rear of most migratory cells. In fibroblasts and myoblasts polarizing for migration, retrograde actin flow moves the nucleus rearward, resulting in the orientation of the centrosome in the direction of migration. In this study, we report that the nuclear envelope–localized AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) torsinA (TA) and its activator, the inner nuclear membrane protein lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), are required for rearward nuclear movement during centrosome orientation in migrating fibroblasts. Both TA and LAP1 contributed to the assembly of transmembrane actin-associated nuclear (TAN) lines, which couple the nucleus to dorsal perinuclear actin cables undergoing retrograde flow. In addition, TA localized to TAN lines and was necessary for the proper mobility of EGFP-mini–nesprin-2G, a functional TAN line reporter construct, within the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, TA and LAP1 were indispensable for the retrograde flow of dorsal perinuclear actin cables, supporting the recently proposed function for the nucleus in spatially organizing actin flow and cytoplasmic polarity. Collectively, these results identify TA as a key regulator of actin-dependent rearward nuclear movement during centrosome orientation

    SoilTemp : a global database of near\u2010surface temperature

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    Energy Energy Correlations In Hadronic Final-states From Z0 Decays

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    We have studied the energy-energy angular correlations in hadronic final states from Z0 decay using the DELPHI detector at LEP. From a comparison with Monte Carlo calculations based on the exact second order QCD matrix element and string fragmentation we find that Lambda-MS(5) = 104(-20)+25(stat.)-20(+25)(syst.)-00(+30)(theor.) MeV, which corresponds to alpha-s(91 GeV) = 0.106 +/- 0.003(stat.) +/- 0.003(syst.)-0.000(+0.003)(theor.). The theoretical error stems from different choices for the renormalization scale of alpha-s. In the Monte Carlo simulation the scale of alphA-s as well as the fragmentation parameters have been optimized to described reasonably well as aspects of multihadron production

    Global maps of soil temperature

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    Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0\u20135 and 5\u201315 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\ub0C (mean = 3.0 \ub1 2.1\ub0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 \ub1 2.3\ub0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler ( 120.7 \ub1 2.3\ub0C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

    Global maps of soil temperature

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