La diversidad de las diversidades. Reflexiones sobre el pluralismo cultural en América Latina

This analytical essay argues that the issue of ethnicity in Latin America is not an appeal to the past, but an important component of social thought and contemporary politics. A brief historical approach suggests that Latin American states were formed as uninational political apparatus on ethnic configurations, highlighting the cultural repression and ethnic domination are an integral part of its state design. The essay realizes that the poverty of ethnic groups is not accidental, as it represents the result of a specific historical project. It also discusses the current existence of multiple cultural predicates allocable to liberal and individualistic concept of citizenship

Uma reflexão sobre a Antropologia Social na Argentina

The goal of this essay is to contribute to the reflection on the recent past, the present, and future of Social Anthropology in Argentina. As a graduate who finished his studies before the military dictatorship of 1976-1983, but who lived through the military intervention of 1966, I think I have witnessed political events that have impacted the development of our discipline, generating ideologies that influence the orientation of ethnic studies.El propósito de este ensayo es contribuir a la reflexión sobre el pasado reciente, el presente y el eventual futuro de la Antropología Social en la Argentina. Como graduado anterior a la dictadura militar de 1976-1983, pero que vivió la intervención militar de 1966, creo haber sido testigo de sucesos políticos que han impactado hasta el presente el desarrollo de nuestra disciplina, generando ideologías que influyen en la orientación de los estudios étnicos.O objetivo deste ensaio é contribuir para a reflexão sobre o passado recente, o presente e o eventual futuro da antropologia social na Argentina. Como uma pessoa que se formou anteriormente à ditadura militar de 1976-1983, mas que viveu a intervenção militar de 1966, acho que testemunhei acontecimentos políticos que impactaram, até o presente, o desenvolvimento da nossa disciplina, gerando ideologias que influenciam a direção dos estudos étnicos

Remarks on memory: Miguel Hángel González, an almost forgotten personality in Argentinean anthropology

El presente artículo intenta efectuar un aporte a la historia contemporánea de la Antropología en la Argentina, rescatando la figura y trayectoria de Miguel Hángel González (1930-1996), en sus diversas actuaciones institucionales durante su vida profesional. González, nativo de Capilla del Señor, partido de Exaltación de la Cruz en la provincia de Buenos Aires, se graduó en Historia en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, e integró posteriormente la primera cohorte de Licenciados en Ciencias Antropológicas, luego de la creación de dicha carrera en 1958. González sufrió las consecuencias represivas de dos dictaduras militares (1966-73 y 1976-83) y debió, en el primer caso abandonar la Universidad de Buenos Aires, trasladándose a Norpatagonia, para luego sufrir persecuciones en dicha región durante su desempeño como profesor en la Universidad Nacional del Comahue. No obstante estas dificultades, ha dejado una obra pionera que creemos importante reseñar en el presente artículo.The main goal of this article is to provide some light to contemporary History of Anthropology in Argentina, rescuing Miguel Hángel González's personality and trajectory (1930-1996), around the institutional works during his professional life. González was born in Capilla del Señor, Exaltacion de la Cruz county in the province of Buenos Aires. He graduated in History at the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Buenos Aires), and was a member of the first cohort in Licenciados en Ciencias Antropológicas in 1958 at the same Faculty. González suffered repressive effects of two military dictatorships in 1966-73 and 1976-83. In account of this, he had to leave his position at the University of Buenos Aires, to settle in General Roca, Río Negro, to work as a professor at the National University of Comahue, where he endured repression again. Nevertheless, González developed an outstanding production that we are interested to review in the present article.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Remarks on memory: Miguel Hángel González, an almost forgotten personality in Argentinean anthropology

El presente artículo intenta efectuar un aporte a la historia contemporánea de la Antropología en la Argentina, rescatando la figura y trayectoria de Miguel Hángel González (1930-1996), en sus diversas actuaciones institucionales durante su vida profesional. González, nativo de Capilla del Señor, partido de Exaltación de la Cruz en la provincia de Buenos Aires, se graduó en Historia en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, e integró posteriormente la primera cohorte de Licenciados en Ciencias Antropológicas, luego de la creación de dicha carrera en 1958. González sufrió las consecuencias represivas de dos dictaduras militares (1966-73 y 1976-83) y debió, en el primer caso abandonar la Universidad de Buenos Aires, trasladándose a Norpatagonia, para luego sufrir persecuciones en dicha región durante su desempeño como profesor en la Universidad Nacional del Comahue. No obstante estas dificultades, ha dejado una obra pionera que creemos importante reseñar en el presente artículo.The main goal of this article is to provide some light to contemporary History of Anthropology in Argentina, rescuing Miguel Hángel González's personality and trajectory (1930-1996), around the institutional works during his professional life. González was born in Capilla del Señor, Exaltacion de la Cruz county in the province of Buenos Aires. He graduated in History at the Faculty of Philosophy (University of Buenos Aires), and was a member of the first cohort in Licenciados en Ciencias Antropológicas in 1958 at the same Faculty. González suffered repressive effects of two military dictatorships in 1966-73 and 1976-83. In account of this, he had to leave his position at the University of Buenos Aires, to settle in General Roca, Río Negro, to work as a professor at the National University of Comahue, where he endured repression again. Nevertheless, González developed an outstanding production that we are interested to review in the present article.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Revalorization of coffee husk: Modeling and optimizing the green sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds

This study aimed to model and optimize a green sustainable extraction method of phenolic compounds from the coffee husk. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to model the impact of extraction variables (temperature, time, acidity, and solid-to-liquid ratio) on the recovery of phenolic compounds. All responses were fitted to the RSM and ANN model, which revealed high estimation capabilities. The main factors affecting phenolic extraction were temperature, followed by solid-to-liquid ratio, and acidity. The optimal extraction conditions were 100◦C, 90 min, 0% citric acid, and 0.02 g coffee husk mL−1 . Under these conditions, experimental values for total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, o-diphenols, and in vitro antioxidant capacity matched with predicted ones, therefore, validating the model. The presence of chlorogenic, protocatechuic, caffeic, and gallic acids and kaemferol-3-O-galactoside was confirmed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The phenolic aqueous extracts from the coffee husk could be used as sustainable food ingredients and nutraceutical productsThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, SUSCOFFEE (grant number AGL2014–57239-R), COCARDIOLAC (grant number RTI 2018-097504-B-I00) projects, and the Community of Madrid and UAM Agreement (2019–2023). M. Rebollo-Hernanz thanks to the FPU program of the Ministry of Universities for his predoctoral fellowship (grant number FPU15/04238

Extraction of phenolic compounds from cocoa shell: modeling using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

This work's objective was to model and optimize a green extraction method of phenolic compounds from the cocoa shell as a strategy to revalorize this by-product, obtaining novel high-value products. According to a Box-Behnken design, 27 extractions were carried out at different conditions of temperature, time, acidity, and solid-to-liquid ratio. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, o-diphenols, and in vitro antioxidant capacity were assessed in each extract. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to model the effect of the different parameters on the green aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from the cocoa shell. The obtained mathematical models fitted well for all the responses. RSM and ANN exhibited high estimation capabilities. The main factors affecting phenolic extraction were temperature, followed by solid-to-liquid ratio, and acidity. The optimal extraction conditions were 100 °C, 90 min, 0% citric acid, and 0.02 g cocoa shell mL−1 water. Under these conditions, experimental values for the response variables matched those predicted, therefore, validating the model. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS revealed the presence of 15 phenolic compounds, being protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, and (+)-catechin, the major ones. Spectrophotometric results showed a significant correlation with the UPLC results, confirming their potential use for screening and optimization purposes. Aqueous phenolic extracts from the cocoa shell would have potential use as sustainable food-grade ingredients and nutraceutical productsThis work was supported by UAM-Santander (grant number 2017/ EEUU/01) and COCARDIOLAC (grant number RTI2018-097504-B-I00) projects, and Community of Madrid and UAM Agreement (2019–2023). M. Rebollo-Hernanz thanks to the FPU program of the Ministry of Universities for his predoctoral fellowship (grant number FPU15/04238

Observation of a Griffiths-like phase in the paramagnetic regime of ErCo_2

A systematic x-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of the paramagnetic phase of ErCo2 has recently allowed to identify the inversion of the net magnetization of the Co net moment with respect to the applied field well above the ferrimagnetic ordering temperature, Tc. The study of small angle neutron scattering measurements has also shown the presence of short range order correlations in the same temperature region. This phenomenon, which we have denoted parimagnetism, may be related with the onset of a Griffiths-like phase in paramagnetic ErCo2. We have measured ac susceptibility on ErCo2 as a function of temperature, applied field, and excitation frequency. Several characteristics shared by systems showing a Griffiths phase are present in ErCo2, namely the formation of ferromagnetic clusters in the disordered phase, the loss of analyticity of the magnetic susceptibility and its extreme sensitivity to an applied magnetic field. The paramagnetic susceptibility allows to establish that the magnetic clusters are only formed by Co moments as well as the intrinsic nature of those Co moments

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año VI Primavera-Verano 1988 n. 2 pp. 421-470]

Ángel Esparza Arroyo. Los castros de la Edad del Hierro del Noroeste de Zamora (Por J. A. Álvarez Vázquez).-- L. Martínez García. El Hospital del Rey de Burgos. Un señorío medieval en expansión y crisis (siglos XIII-XIV) (Por Miguel Santamaría Lancho).-- Hilario Casado. Señores, mercaderes y campesinos. La comarca de Burgos a fines de la Edad Media (Por Alberto Marcos Martín).-- J. López-Salazar Pérez. Mesta, pastos y conflictos en el Campo de Calatrava (siglo XVI) (Por Miguel Ángel Melón).-- I. Atienza Hernández. Aristocracia, poder y riqueza en la España Moderna. La Casa de Osuna, siglos XVI-XIX (Por Bartolomé Yun Casalilla).-- Enric Mateu Tortosa. Arroz y paludismo. Riqueza y conflictos en la sociedad valenciana del siglo XVIII (Por Vicente Pérez Moreda).-- Juan Francisco Zambrana Pineda. Crisis y modernización del olivar (Por James Simpson).-- J. R. García López. Los comerciantes banqueros en el sistema bancario español. Estudio de casas de banca asturianas en el siglo XIX (Por María José Álvarez Arza).-- Alfonso de Otazu. Los Rothschild y sus socios en España (1820-1850) (Por Guillermo Gortázar).-- Jesús Ruvalcaba Mercado. Agricultura india en Cempoala, Tepeapulco y Tulancingo (Por Pedro Pérez Herrero).-- Ian M. Drummond. The Gold Standard and the International Monetary System, 1900-1939 (Por Pablo Martín Aceña).-- Josep M. Colomer. El Utilitarismo. Una teoría de la elección racional (Por Carlos Rodríguez Braun).-- G. Himmelfarb. The New History and the Old. Critical Essays and Reappraisals (Por Ezequiel Gallo)Publicad

Differential proteomic profiling unveils new molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency

We have analyzed the cellular pathways and metabolic adaptations that take place in primary skin fibroblasts from patients with mutations in BCS1L, a major genetic cause of mitochondrial complex III enzyme deficiency. Mutant fibroblasts exhibited low oxygen consumption rates and intracellular ATP levels, indicating that the main altered molecular event probably is a limited respiration-coupled ATP production through the OXPHOS system. Two-dimensional DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analyses unambiguously identified 39 proteins whose expression was significantly altered in complex III-deficient fibroblasts. Extensive statistical and cluster analyses revealed a protein profile characteristic for the BCS1L mutant fibroblasts that included alterations in energy metabolism, cell signaling and gene expression regulation, cytoskeleton formation and maintenance, and intracellular stress responses. The physiological validation of the predicted functional adaptations of human cultured fibroblasts to complex III deficiency confirmed the up-regulation of glycolytic enzyme activities and the accumulation of branched-chain among other amino acids, suggesting the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and cellular catabolic states, in particular protein catabolism, together with autophagy as adaptive responses to mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction and ATP deficiency. Our data point to an overall metabolic and genetic reprogramming that could contribute to explain the clinical manifestations of complex III deficiency in patientsThis work was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PI11-00182 to C.U., PS09-01359 to M.A.M., CP11-00151 to M.M., and PI12-00933 to S.C.), by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (P2010/BMD-2361 to C.U. and P2010/BMD-2402 to M.A.M. and S.C.) and by NIH-NIGMS (1R01GM105781-01 to C.U.