Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

Moinhos de vento e varas de queixadas: o perspectivismo e a economia do pensamento

O artigo passa em revista uma série de confrontos entre o que poderíamos chamar de percepções "perspectivistas" e "naturalistas" do mundo: o processo de cristianização do ocidente medieval, o declínio da magia européia, o apogeu e crise da caça às bruxas no início da Idade Moderna e o argumento de um clássico, o Dom Quixote de Miguel de Cervantes. Trata-se, em cada caso, de motivos característicos da grande narrativa do triunfo da razão e do contraste entre o pensamento racional e seus contrários que, examinados em detalhe, mostram porém a coexistência de pensamentos, o caráter imediato e reversível de suas transformações. A noção de perspectivismo permite assim agilizar a descrição histórica das reformas epistemológicas e dessubstancializar as noções antropológicas de "racional" e "não-racional". No final do texto são sugeridas algumas vias de estudo sobre o encontro entre os xamanismos ameríndios (o universo do qual é tomada a noção de perspectivismo tal como aparece no artigo) e suas reelaborações recentes.<br>The article reviews a series of confrontations between what we could dub 'perspectivist' and 'naturalist' perceptions of the world: the process of Christianization of the medieval west, the decline of European sorcery, the apogee and crisis of witch-hunting at the dawn of the Modern Age and the publication of Miguel de Cervantes' Dom Quixote. Each case deals with themes characteristic of the grand narrative of the triumph of reason and the contrast between rational thinking and its opposites which, when examined in detail, actually reveal the co-existence of modes of thinking, as well as the immediate and reversible character of their transformations. The notion of perspectivism thus enables a more nuanced and versatile historical description of these epistemic reforms and the de-substantialization of anthropological notions of the rational and the irrational. The text concludes by suggesting some ways to study the encounter between Amerindian shamanisms (the universe from which the notion of perspectivism as it appears in the article is taken) and their recent re-elaborations

Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years

Ariel Definition Study ReportAriel Definition Study Report, 147 pages. Reviewed by ESA Science Advisory Structure in November 2020. Original document available at: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1783156/3267291/Ariel_RedBook_Nov2020.pdf/Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution

Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution