Gênero, raça, desigualdades e políticas de ação afirmativa no ensino superior

Resumo O artigo trata da interação entre as dimensões de gênero e raça das desigualdades e as políticas de ação afirmativa no ensino superior. Na primeira sessão, apresenta uma síntese dos resultados de pesquisas sobre a situação de negros e brancos, e homens e mulheres, no ensino superior. Em seguida, comenta sobre as políticas de ação afirmativa criadas no Brasil, principalmente, nesse nível educacional. Na seção seguinte, apresenta as evidências produzidas através de pesquisa empírica realizada sobre a distribuição de homens e mulheres na categoria docente da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Nas conclusões, são tecidas considerações sobre a interface e as tensões existentes entre as dimensões raciais e de gênero das desigualdades, tratando, especificamente, das instituições brasileiras de ensino superior. Palavras-chave: desigualdade, ação afirmativa, gênero, raça, ensino superior.   Abstract  The article approaches the interaction between the dimensions of gender and racial inequality and affirmative action policies in higher education. In the first session, it presents a summary of research findings on the situation of blacks and whites, and men and women, in higher education. Then it comments on affirmative action policies created in Brazil mainly in higher education. The next section presents the evidence produced by empirical research about the distribution of men and women among professors of the Federal University of Bahia. In its conclusions, it presents considerations about the interface and the tensions between racial and gender dimensions of inequality, specifically the Brazilian higher education institutions. Keywords: inequality, affirmative action, gender, race, higher education

As Políticas Anti-Racistas em debate

This text aims to analyze the main arguments present in the academic debate on the implementation of affirmative action policies in Brazil. Then, it discusses the results of some recent researches on the preferences of the population in relation to such policies. This work investigates, specifically, the proposals of establishing quotas for entrance into the Brazilian public universities. Some of the arguments that frequently appear in the academic debate will be identified in the students’ accounts, of a São Paulo public university where I accomplished in-depth interviews.Pretendo analisar nesse texto os principais argumentos presentes no debate acadêmico em relação à implementação de políticas de ação afirmativa no Brasil. Em seguida, discutirei os resultados de algumas pesquisas recentes sobre as preferências da população em relação a tais políticas. Tratarei, especificamente, das propostas de criação de reservas de vagas para o ingresso nas universidades públicas brasileiras. Alguns dos argumentos presentes nesse debate acadêmico serão reencontrados nas falas de estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública de São Paulo, onde realizei entrevistas semi-estruturadas

ESTIMATIVA DA BIOMASSA DE CAFEEIROS EM SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS SOB MANEJO ORGÂNICO E CONVENCIONAL EM DIFERENTES ARRANJOS

Nowadays, environmental services related to agroforestry systems are based on qualitative status. However, to occur the consolidation of payment of environmental services (PSE), factors that conditioning SAFs must be characterized. This study was carried out to evaluate if the individual biomass of coffee plants is affect by AFs characterized by distinctive management and design of Arabic coffee plants and grevilleas, in addition to checking the possibility of adjustment of allometric equations to estimate coffee dried biomass. The assay was carried out at coffee fields (Coffea arabica L.) associated with grevilleas (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.) under conventional and organic management, situated at Planalto da Conquista and Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. From the biomass determination by destructive method of simple separation, estimation equations of individual biomass of coffee plants were established. It was concluded that the management system conventional or organic have minor impact to carbon and biomass accumulation when compared to coffee plants density and grevillea arrangement. The lower coffee plant density is a factor that determine the superiority of individual biomass stocks. Coffee plants density and grevillea arrangement are factor that determine different allometric models to coffee plants biomass estimation.Atualmente, os serviços ambientais relativos aos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) estão fundamentados em aspectos qualitativos. Entretanto, para que ocorra a consolidação do pagamentos por tais serviços, os diversos fatores que condicionam os SAFs necessitam ser caracterizados. Este estudo teve comoobjetivos analisar se o estoque de biomassa individual de cafeeiros é afetado porSAFs caracterizados por manejo e arranjos distintos dos cafeeiros arábica e das grevíleas, além de verificar se haveria possibilidade de ajuste de equações alométricas para estimar a biomassa seca dos cafeeiros.O experimento foi conduzido em sistemas de cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.) sob manejo orgânico e convencional arborizado por grevíleas (Grevillea robusta A. Cunn.), localizados nas regiões do Planalto da Conquista e Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. A partir da determinação da biomassa pelo método destrutivo da simples separação, foram estabelecidas equações de estimativa do estoque de biomassa individual dos cafeeiros. Concluiu-se que o sistema de manejo orgânico e convencional são fatores de menor impacto para o acúmulo de biomassa e carbono em relação à fatores como a densidade de cafeeiros e o arranjo das grevíleas. O menor adensamento de cafeeiros é fator que determina a superioridade dos estoques de biomassa individual.A densidade de cafeeiros e arranjo das grevíleas são fatores que determinam modelos alométricos diferenciados para a estimativa de biomassa dos cafeeiros

Viabilidade da substituição parcial do resíduo de construção civil pelo agregado miúdo nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do concreto / Feasibility of partial replacement of construction waste by the small aggregate in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete

O crescimento das construções está cada vez mais frequente e, em função disto, há um aumento na geração dos resíduos decorrentes da falta de gestão para devido destino e, também, a reutilização desses dejetos. Para garantir os efeitos de reutilização, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor a substituição dos agregados naturais pelos resíduos da construção civil gerado em demolições e/ou construções, com a finalidade de analisar métodos sustentáveis, a fim de avaliar sua resistência a compressão axial em laboratório. Foram moldados 10 CP’s de referência, 10 CP’s com 50% de substituição e 10 CP’s com 100% de substituição do agregado miúdo pelo RCC com dimensões de (10 cm x 20 cm). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi constatado um aumento na resistência média dos corpos de provas de concreto com 50% de substituição com 32,48 MPa, sendo 20,86% e 4,38% maior do que a resistência a compressão de 100% e 0% (referência) respectivamente. Em suma, observa-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios, mas é necessárias realizações de outros ensaios para que possa garantir a utilização técnica do RCC nas obras, minimizando os impactos ambientais e desenvolvendo métodos que direcione o uso correto desses materiais.  

Caderno da atenção básica de número 35: estratégias para o cuidado da pessoa com doença crônicas / Primary care notebook number 35: strategies for the care of persons with chronic disease

Tem por objetivo destacar os fatores de risco e proteção, descrever sobre as condições crônicas, as complexidades das doenças, conceitos comuns das doenças crônicas, apresenta diretrizes para a organização do cuidado. Este estudo configura-se como uma resenha de livro, no qual foram descritores as informações contidas no caderno de nº 35 da atenção básica, proporcionando a possibilidade de sintetizar as ideais exploradas pelos autores, além de recomendar a obra para os profissionais de saúde e estudantes da área

Epidemiological Profile Of Vascular Encephalic Accident (VEA) Victims Hospitalized In A Regional Hospital Of Paraíba, Brazil

Introduction: Responsible for a high mortality rate and for causing numerous sequels in the general population, stroke arises from a deficiency in cerebral oxygen supply, commonly caused by obstruction of the arteries or extravasation of blood for the tissue. Genetic factors, style and quality of life are factors directly related to the incidence of stroke and its numerous hospitalizations. Objective: The study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients after clinical diagnosis of stroke. Methodology: This is a retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, carried out through the analysis of 252 medical records of patients hospitalized in the Medical Clinic and in the Mixed Stroke Unit of the Deputado Janduhy Carneiro Regional Hospital, in the municipality of Patos - PB, in the period of January 1 to December 31 2015. All medical records of patients affected by stroke in 2015 were included; internal with clinical diagnosis of stroke; Computed Tomography of Skull; Neurologist's evaluation; and readable handwriting. Data were collected using a questionnaire with objective questions, including variables related to the objective of study. They were submitted to simple statistical analysis and later, discussed and related to the literature from the reading and the comprehension of the researchers. Results: It was observed that the affected victim is woman, over 70 years of age, brown, living in an urban area and retired. The most frequent etiology of the stroke is of the ischemic type, being able to notice preexisting diseases in the patients, such as Arterial Hypertension and Heart diseases. 42% of patients were discharged after treatment in less than 15 days (78%). By causing many deaths and disabilities, bringing not only human, but social and financial damage to the health and social security system. Conclusion: More and more studies are needed to diagnose the causes of stroke, consequences and possible decisions that attenuate this problem. Keywords: Vascular Encephalic Accident. Hospitalization. Prognosis

Pediatric neurodevelopment by prenatal Zika virus exposure: a cross-sectional study of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Cohort.

BACKGROUND: The implications of congenital Zika Virus (ZIKV) infections for pediatric neurodevelopment and behavior remain inadequately studied. The aim of this study is to investigate patterns of neurodevelopment and behavior in groups of children with differening severities of ZIKV-related microcephaly and children with prenatal ZIKV exposure in the absence of microcephaly. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, nested in a cohort, of 274 children (aged 10-45 months) who were born during the peak and decline of the microcephaly epidemic in Northeast Brazil. Participants were evaluated between February 2017 and August 2019 at two tertiary care hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. We analyzed the children in four groups assigned based on clinical and laboratory criteria: Group 1 had severe microcephaly; Group 2 had moderate microcephaly; Group 3 had prenatal ZIKVexposure confirmed by maternal RT-PCR testing but no microcephaly; and Group 4 was a neurotypical control group. Groups were evaluated clinically for neurological abnormalities and compared using the Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC), a neurodevelopment and behavior screening instrument validated for use in Brazil. Children with severe delays underwent further evaluation with an adapted version of the SWYC. RESULTS: Based on the SWYC screening, we observed differences between the groups for developmental milestones but not behavior. Among the 114 children with severe microcephaly of whom 98.2% presented with neurological abnormalities, 99.1% were 'at risk of development delay' according to the SWYC instrument. Among the 20 children with moderate microcephaly of whom 60% presented with neurological abnormalities, 65% were 'at risk of development delay'. For children without microcephaly, the percentages found to be 'at risk of developmental delay' were markedly lower and did not differ by prenatal ZIKV exposure status: Group 3 (N = 94), 13.8%; Group 4 (N = 46), 21.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Among children with prenatal ZIKV exposure, we found a gradient of risk of development delay according to head circumference. Children with severe microcephaly were at highest risk for delays, while normocephalic ZIKV-exposed children had similar risks to unexposed control children. We propose that ZIKV-exposed children should undergo first-line screening for neurodevelopment and behavior using the SWYC instrument. Early assessment and follow-up will enable at-risk children to be referred to a more comprehensive developmental evaluation and to multidisciplinary care management

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc