Assessment of different formation scenarios for the ring system of (10199) Chariklo

Context. The discovery that the Centaur (10199) Chariklo possesses a ring system opens questions about their origin. Aims. We here asses the plausibility of different scenarios for the origin of the observed ring system. Methods. We first consider the possibility that the material of the ring originated in the disruption of a satellite that had reached a critical distance from the Centaur. We discuss the conditions for the putative satellite to approach the Centaur as a consequence of tidal interaction. A three-body encounter is also considered as a transport mechanism. In addition, we study the case in which the ring is formed by the ejecta of a cratering collision on the Centaur and we constrain the collision parameters and the size of the resulting crater of the event. Finally, we consider that the ring material originates from a catastrophic collision between a background object and a satellite located at a distance corresponding to the the current location of the ring. We compute the typical timescales for these scenarios. Results. We estimate that in order to be tidally disrupted a satellite would have had to be larger than approximately 6.5 km at the location of the rings. However the tidal interaction is rather weak for objects of the size of outer solar system bodies at the ring location, therefore we considered other more effective mechanisms by which a satellite might have approached the Centaur. Collisonal scenarios are both physically plausible for the formation, but semianalytical estimations indicate that the probability of the corresponding collisions is low under current conditions.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Maxillary Retrognatism: Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment

Kod deformirane jedne od čeljusti kirurška promjena njezina položaja ili veličine nije uvijek dostatna za potpuni uspjeh korekcije. Prikazom slučaja bolesnika s maksilarnim retrognatizmom predstavljen je problem planiranja liječenja i nužnost kombiniranoga kirurško-ortodontskog liječenja. Maksilarni retrognatizam prouzročio je nerazmjer medu čeljustima od 14 milimetara. Sveobuhvatna raščlamba bolesnika pokazala je da se pomicanjem naprijed samo gornje čeljusti neće postići zadovoljavajući rezultat i zato se odlučilo za bimaksilarne osteotomije. Problem u preoperativnoj pripremi bio je prerani gubitak trajnih zuba. Fiksni ortodontski aparat upotrebljen je u ortodontskoj pripremi, tijekom operativnoga zahvata da bi intermaksilarnom fiksacijom osigurao pravilan položaj i fiksaciju osteotomiranih segmenta, te poslije u retencionom razdoblju. Kirurški zahvat uključio je najprije osteotomiju gornje čeljusti tipa Le Fort I na koju se nadovezala obostrana sagitalna osteotomija donje čeljusti. Rezultat pokazuje opravdanost bimaksilarne osteotomije u slučaju deformiteta izoliranog na jednu čeljust te važnost kombiniranog ortodontsko-krurškoga liječenja bolesnika s dentofacijalnim deformitetima.Surgical therapy alone cannot successfully treat some deformity of the single jaw. We present a case with maxillary retrognathism. Sagital discrepancy o f 14 mm distance between lower and upper jaw was present. We have the problem in planing of therapy which require booth surgical and orthodontic treatment. Analysis showed that advancement of maxilla will not resolve the problem and therefore we decided to treat the patient with bimaxillary osteotomies. Lost of the permanent teeth makes the problem in preoperative planing. Presurgical orthodontic treatment require application of full banded edgewire application to align the arches for surgical advancement of the maxilla and repositioning of the mandible. The application was also used for bimaxillary fixation after surgery and during the time of retention. Surgical therapy includes LeFort I downfracture technique and bilateral sagital splitting technique according to Bell. The result showed the validity of bimaxillary osteotomies in cases o f deformity o f the single jaw

Identification of rounded atelectasis in workers exposed to asbestos by contrast helical computed tomography

Rounded atelectasis (RA) is a benign and unusual form of subpleural lung collapse that has been described mostly in asbestos-exposed workers. This form of atelectasis manifests as a lung nodule and can be confused with bronchogenic carcinoma upon conventional radiologic examination. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the variation in contrast uptake in computed tomography for the identification of asbestos-related RA in Brazil. Between January 1998 and December 2000, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed in 1658 asbestos-exposed workers. the diagnosis was made in nine patients based on a history of prior asbestos exposure, the presence of characteristic (HRCT) findings and lesions unchanged in size over 2 years or more. in three of them the diagnosis was confirmed during surgery. the dynamic contrast enhancement study was modified to evaluate nodules and pulmonary masses. All nine patients with RA received iodide contrast according to weight. the average enhancement after iodide contrast was infused, reported as Hounsfield units (HU), increased from 62.5 +/- 9.7 to 125.4 +/- 20.7 (P < 0.05), with a mean enhancement of 62.5 +/- 19.7 (range 40 to 89) and with a uniform dense opacification. in conclusion, in this study all patients with RA showed contrast enhancement with uniform dense opacification. the main clinical implication of this finding is that this procedure does not permit differentiation between RA and malignant pulmonary neoplasm.Grp Interinst Estudos Doencas Relacionadas Amiant, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Hosp Clin, Inst Corcao,Disciplina Pneumol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplinas Radiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplinas Patol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Fac Med, Area Med Ocupac, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplinas Pneumol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplinas Radiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplinas Pneumol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplinas Radiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Assessment of different formation scenarios for the ring system of (10199) Chariklo

Context. The discovery that the Centaur (10199) Chariklo possesses a ring system opens questions about their origin. Aims. We here asses the plausibility of different scenarios for the origin of the observed ring system. Methods. We first consider the possibility that the material of the ring originated in the disruption of a satellite that had reached a critical distance from the Centaur. We discuss the conditions for the putative satellite to approach the Centaur as a consequence of tidal interaction. A three-body encounter is also considered as a transport mechanism. In addition, we study the case in which the ring is formed by the ejecta of a cratering collision on the Centaur and we constrain the collision parameters and the size of the resulting crater of the event. Finally, we consider that the ring material originates from a catastrophic collision between a background object and a satellite located at a distance corresponding to the the current location of the ring. We compute the typical timescales for these scenarios. Results. We estimate that in order to be tidally disrupted a satellite would have had to be larger than approximately 6.5 km at the location of the rings. However the tidal interaction is rather weak for objects of the size of outer solar system bodies at the ring location, therefore we considered other more effective mechanisms by which a satellite might have approached the Centaur. Collisonal scenarios are both physically plausible for the formation, but semianalytical estimations indicate that the probability of the corresponding collisions is low under current conditions.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

Critical illness myopathy and polyneuropathy in a patient with severe COVID -19 infection – a case report

Cilj: Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati bolesnika s teškim oblikom infekcije COVID-19 koji je razvio miopatiju i polineuropatiju kritične bolesti, uz tešku funkcijsku onesposobljenost te proces rehabilitacije, uz pregled literature. Prikaz slučaja: Bolesnik u dobi od 58 godina razvija teški oblik infekcije COVID-19 uz razvoj akutne respiratorne insuficijencije zbog obostrane COVID pneumonije. Zbog pogoršanja kliničke slike mehanički je ventiliran, razvija septički šok te se liječi polifarmakološkom terapijom uz suportivno liječenje i doziranu rehabilitaciju. Nakon poboljšanja kliničkog statusa, bolesnik postaje vitalno i hemodinamski stabilan, na suplementaciji kisikom od 4L/min. Zbog razvoja miopatije i polineuropatije kritične bolesti (engl. Critical-Illness Related Myopathy and Neuropathy; CRYMNE) s posljedičnom generaliziranom teškom mišićnom slabosti uz tešku onesposobljenost, započinje post-COVID multidisciplinarnu rehabilitaciju po individualnom rehabilitacijskom programu (IRP). IRP se sastoji od respiratorne i neuromišićne rehabilitacije te rehabilitacije funkcije za osposobljavanje u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Nakon provedenog IRP-a bolesnik je bez zaduhe i zamora pri opterećenju. Saturacija kisikom je postojana te nema razloga za daljnjom oksigenoterapijom. Napredak u rehabilitacijskim ishodima prati se funkcijskim alatima te se registrira smanjenje bolova u zglobovima, jačanje mišićne snage velikih skupina mišića, povećanje snage stiska obiju šaka te smanjenje općeg umora. Bolesnik hoda samostalno pomoću hodalice i peronealne ortoze radi zaostale pareze obaju peroneusa, a mjere funkcijske neovisnosti također su poboljšane, što pridonosi boljoj kvaliteti života. Zaključak: Miopatija i polineuropatija kritične bolesti posljedice su složenih patofizioloških mehanizama uslijed dugotrajne vitalno ugrožavajuće bolesti uz razvoj teške onesposobljenosti i gubitka funkcije. Individualni rehabilitacijski program provodi se kontinuirano, prilagođen je težini kliničke slike, a provodi ga multidisciplinarni tim.Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a patient with severe COVID-19 infection who has developed critical illness myopathy and polyneuropathy (CRYMNE), with severe functional disability as well as the rehabilitation process, with a review of literature. Case report: A 58-year-old patient develops a severe form of COVID-19 infection with the development of acute respiratory failure due to bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia. Due to the worsening of the clinical condition, he is mechanically ventilated, develops septic shock and is treated with polypharmacological therapy with supportive treatment and gradually progressive rehabilitation. Upon improvement of clinical status, the patient becomes vital and hemodynamically stable, on oxygen supplementation of 4L/min. Due to the development of critical-illness related myopathy and neuropathy (CRYMNE) and the consequent generalized severe muscle weakness with severe disability, he started post- COVID-19 multidisciplinary rehabilitation according to an individual rehabilitation program (IRP). IRP consists of respiratory and neuromuscular rehabilitation, and rehabilitation of the training function in everyday life activities. According to the performed IRP, the patient is free of shortness of breath and fatigue. Oxygen saturation is persistent and there is no reason for further oxygen therapy. Progress in rehabilitation outcomes is monitored by functional tools and a reduction in joint pain, strengthening of muscle strength of large muscle groups, increase in the grip strength of both hands and reduction of general fatigue are registered. The patient walks independently with a walker and peroneal orthoses due to residual paresis of both peroneal nerves. Functional independence indexes as assessment tools of function have also been improved, which is proof of a better quality of life. Conclusion: CRYMNE is the consequence of complex pathophysiological mechanisms due to long-term, life-threatening disease with the development of severe disability and loss of function. The individual rehabilitation program is implemented continuously, adjusted to the severity of the clinical condition under supervision of a multidisciplinary team

Screening Of Miners And Millers At Decreasing Levels Of Asbestos Exposure: Comparison Of Chest Radiography And Thin-section Computed Tomography.

Chest radiography (CXR) is inferior to Thin-section computed tomography in the detection of asbestos related interstitial and pleural abnormalities. It remains unclear, however, whether these limitations are large enough to impair CXR´s ability in detecting the expected reduction in the frequency of these asbestos-related abnormalities (ARA) as exposure decreases. Clinical evaluation, CXR, Thin-section CT and spirometry were obtained in 1418 miners and millers who were exposed to progressively lower airborne concentrations of asbestos. They were separated into four groups according to the type, period and measurements of exposure and/or procedures for controlling exposure: Group I (1940-1966/tremolite and chrysotile, without measurements of exposure and procedures for controlling exposure); Group II (1967-1976/chrysotile only, without measurements of exposure and procedures for controlling exposure); Group III (1977-1980/chrysotile only, initiated measurements of exposure and procedures for controlling exposure) and Group IV (after 1981/chrysotile only, implemented measurements of exposure and a comprehensive procedures for controlling exposure). In all groups, CXR suggested more frequently interstitial abnormalities and less frequently pleural plaques than observed on Thin-section CT (p<0.050). The odds for asbestosis in groups of decreasing exposure diminished to greater extent at Thin-section CT than on CXR. Lung function was reduced in subjects who had pleural plaques evident only on Thin-section CT (p<0.050). In a longitudinal evaluation of 301 subjects without interstitial and pleural abnormalities on CXR and Thin-section CT in a previous evaluation, only Thin-section CT indicated that these ARA reduced as exposure decreased. CXR compared to Thin-section CT was associated with false-positives for interstitial abnormalities and false-negatives for pleural plaques, regardless of the intensity of asbestos exposure. Also, CXR led to a substantial misinformation of the effects of the progressively lower asbestos concentrations in the occurrence of asbestos-related diseases in miners and millers.10e011858

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Economic optimization and sensitivity analysis of energy requirements in residential space heating

none3An analytical model which relates performance with costs of additional insulation has been developed and the optimum set of insulation values for the various surfaces of a new building has been determined in a generalized form. On this basis the determinants of the specific energy requirements, corresponding to an optimal level of insulation are identified. The sensitivity of the energy needs to variations in the building structure or design, in the economic conditions, and in the climate characteristics, is also investigated.noneM. Bagatin;R. Caldon;G. GottardiBagatin, Mario; Caldon, Roberto; Gottardi, Giorgi

A fast code using nonmagnetic measurements for RFX current and magnetic field profile reconstruction

Fast identification techniques of the plasma internal magnetic structure are needed for the real time control of the plasma current distribution in magnetic confinement devices. In this paper, a fast identification code using plasma internal nonmagnetic measurements is proposed and applied to the reversed field pinch experiment. The identification tool is based on a force-free ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium model, using a parametric radial profile for the magnetic field and current density. A set of constraints on the internal magnetic distribution are derived from the Faraday rotation data given by a five-chord polarimeter, assuming the plasma density as given by an interferometric diagnostic. The code execution time is about a few second