Spin-Phonon Coupling in Iron Pnictide Superconductors

The magnetic moment in the parent phase of the iron-pnictide superconductors varies with composition even when the nominal charge of iron is unchanged. We propose the spin-lattice coupling due to the magneto-volume effect as the primary origin of this effect, and formulate a Landau theory to describe the dependence of the moment to the Fe-As layer separation. We then compare the superconductive critical temperature of doped iron pnictides to the local moment predicted by the theory, and suggest that the spin-phonon coupling may play a role in the superconductivity of this compound

Astrophysical constraints on primordial black holes in Brans-Dicke theory

We consider cosmological evolution in Brans-Dicke theory with a population of primordial black holes. Hawking radiation from the primordial black holes impacts various astrophysical processes during the evolution of the Universe. The accretion of radiation by the black holes in the radiation dominated era may be effective in imparting them a longer lifetime. We present a detailed study of how this affects various standard astrophysical constraints coming from the evaporation of primordial black holes. We analyze constraints from the present density of the Universe, the present photon spectrum, the distortion of the cosmic microwave background spectrum and also from processes affecting light element abundances after nucleosynthesis. We find that the constraints on the initial primordial black hole mass fractions are tightened with increased accretion efficiency.Comment: 15 page

The impact of the South African antiretroviral treatment programme on the age-standardised incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma, 1999-2016 : an interrupted time series analysis

OBJECTIVE : The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of the South African antiretroviral treatment programme on the age-standardised incidence rate of Kaposi sarcoma among black South African residents of all ages. METHODS : We performed an interrupted time series analysis using routinely collected, histologically confirmed surveillance data from the South African National Cancer Registry for the years 1999 to 2016. The analysis was performed using R statistical software. The total number of cases was 29,623 (12,475 females and 17,166 males). The background antiretroviral treatment coverage was less than 1% at the time that the antiretroviral programme was introduced and increased to over 50% in 2016. RESULTS : In 1999, the age-standardised rates were 1.48 and 2.82 cases per 100,000 per year for black females and males, respectively. These rates increased to 5.52 and 7.46 in 2008 before declining. The antiretroviral treatment programme was started in 2004. Five years after 2008 (nine years after the antiretroviral programme was introduced), the predicted standardised rates were 58.3% and 50.3% lower for females and males, respectively, than what they would have been without the treatment programme. CONCLUSION : Introduction of the antiretroviral treatment programme was associated with a decrease of over 50% in the predicted age-standardised incidence rates of Kaposi sarcoma. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.www.elsevier.com/locate/ijidam2022School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH

Development of Agriculture and Rural - Urban Interaction in Former Zamindari Village- Dikhatpura

This paper discusses the recent socio-economic changes of Dikhatpura villages lies on the alluvial upland along the Chammbal river and located near Morena having its Tashil and District Headquarters, Madhya Pradesh. Dikhatpura is a medium size village with population of 852 in 1990, dominated by Jatav and Gujar. Data on the transformation of crop farming, animal rearing and villager's employment are collected by door-to-door survey in 1990. Until1 1951, Dikhatpura was a hamlet of Zamindari(land1ord) village and suffered from frequent drought and dacoit attacks. Consequent on the abolition of the Zamindari system in 1951, Jatav and Gujar became land-owning tillers. The main kharif crops were bajra and sorghum under the traditional rainfed farming. After the opening of canal irrigation in 1971, the marked oriented farming of wheat and mustard was introduced in rabi season and dairy farming developed newly. Consequently, kharif cropping are decreasing and the tradit.iona1 farming systems has been forsaking rapidly. On the other hand, non-agricultural workers(rai1way worker, service, driver, factory labour etc.) are increasing in number by influence of the economic growth of Morena and by the reservation system for the scheduled caste. インド干ばつ常習地域の村落変

A randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing to prevent risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy in the Western Cape, South Africa

Aim To test the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce the risk of an alcohol exposed pregnancy (AEP) in a high-risk population. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Rural population in the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants A total of 165 women aged 18–44 years at risk of AEP. Intervention Five-session MI intervention. Measurements Structured questionnaires were administered pre-intervention and at 3 and 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome measure was AEP at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were AEP at 3 months, and alcohol use and effective contraception at 3 and 12 months. Findings There was a significant difference in the decline in the proportion of women at risk for an AEP in the MI group at 3 months (50 versus 24.59%; P = 0.004), maintained at 12 months (50.82 versus 28.12%; P = 0.009). In an intention-to-treat analysis these differences were also significant (32.93 versus 18.07%; P = 0.029; and 37.80 versus 21.69%; P = 0.024, respectively). The odds ratio for no longer being at risk of an AEP (MI versus control) at 12 months was 2.64 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–5.94]. In the intention-to-treat analysis this ratio was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.05–4.65). Conclusions A five-session motivational interviewing intervention was found to be effective with women at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, and could be implemented as part of routine primary care clinic services in similar populations. The message of ‘no alcohol in pregnancy’ should be adapted to include better family planning and early recognition of pregnancy.Cooperative Agreement Number 1 U01 DD00044 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1360-0443hb2013ay201

Proximity effect at superconducting Sn-Bi2Se3 interface

We have investigated the conductance spectra of Sn-Bi2Se3 interface junctions down to 250 mK and in different magnetic fields. A number of conductance anomalies were observed below the superconducting transition temperature of Sn, including a small gap different from that of Sn, and a zero-bias conductance peak growing up at lower temperatures. We discussed the possible origins of the smaller gap and the zero-bias conductance peak. These phenomena support that a proximity-effect-induced chiral superconducting phase is formed at the interface between the superconducting Sn and the strong spin-orbit coupling material Bi2Se3.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Centrality Dependence of the High p_T Charged Hadron Suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV

PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p_T spectra from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV. The truncated mean p_T decreases with centrality for p_T > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p_T hadron production. For central collisions the yield at high p_T is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e. for collisions with less than about 140 participating nucleons. The observed p_T and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions.Comment: 7 pages text, LaTeX, 6 figures, 2 tables, 307 authors, resubmitted to Phys. Lett. B. Revised to address referee concerns. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/run/phenix/papers.htm

Spallation reactions. A successful interplay between modeling and applications

The spallation reactions are a type of nuclear reaction which occur in space by interaction of the cosmic rays with interstellar bodies. The first spallation reactions induced with an accelerator took place in 1947 at the Berkeley cyclotron (University of California) with 200 MeV deuterons and 400 MeV alpha beams. They highlighted the multiple emission of neutrons and charged particles and the production of a large number of residual nuclei far different from the target nuclei. The same year R. Serber describes the reaction in two steps: a first and fast one with high-energy particle emission leading to an excited remnant nucleus, and a second one, much slower, the de-excitation of the remnant. In 2010 IAEA organized a worskhop to present the results of the most widely used spallation codes within a benchmark of spallation models. If one of the goals was to understand the deficiencies, if any, in each code, one remarkable outcome points out the overall high-quality level of some models and so the great improvements achieved since Serber. Particle transport codes can then rely on such spallation models to treat the reactions between a light particle and an atomic nucleus with energies spanning from few tens of MeV up to some GeV. An overview of the spallation reactions modeling is presented in order to point out the incomparable contribution of models based on basic physics to numerous applications where such reactions occur. Validations or benchmarks, which are necessary steps in the improvement process, are also addressed, as well as the potential future domains of development. Spallation reactions modeling is a representative case of continuous studies aiming at understanding a reaction mechanism and which end up in a powerful tool.Comment: 59 pages, 54 figures, Revie