Electrostatics of silicon nano transistor

Nano Transistor represents a unique system for exploring physical phenomena pertaining to charge transport at the nano scale and is expected to play a critical role in future evolution of electronic and optoelectronic devices. This paper summarizes some of the essential electrostatics of nano Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field effect Transistor (MOSFET) and their electrical properties. Though the general focus of this work is on surface potential yet the first part presents a brief discussion of the independence of charge at the top of the barrier in the channel of MOS Transistor on Drain voltage. The quantum capacitance is discussed at length. The superposition theorem is used, thereafter, to obtain an expression for self consistent potential in the channel. Finally the I-V characteristics of the device are explored using Landauer formalism. The simulated results for a device are observed to represent the realistic behaviour of the device. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2212

Management of sheath blight in rice through application of Validamycin, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence

Eleven different combinations of Trichoderma harzianum, Psedumonas fluorescens and Validamycin 3L, were applied at different crop stages viz. seed, seedling, tillering and symptoms initiation along with one application of Carbendazim as standard control to test their efficacy against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani under field condition. One application of Carbendazim @ 0.1% at the time of symptoms initiation (with 81.36 percent reduction of disease incidence, 83.17 percent reduction in disease severity and 62.92 percent inhancement in yield) and seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and seedling root dipping with Pseudomonas fluorescens and two spraying of Validamycin i.e. at tillering and symptoms initiation stages (with 69.10 percent reduction of disease incidence,83.17 percent reduction in disease severity and 62.49 percent inhancement in yield) were found to be equally and highly effective in reducing the sheath blight severity and in increasing rice grain yield also. One spraying of Validamycin at symptoms initiation stage was comparatively less effective (29.54 per cent reduction in disease incidence,53.46 per cent reduction in disease severity and 47.76 per cent enhancement in yield ) than one spraying of Carbendazim at symptoms initiation stage

Low Power 6-Transistor Latch Design for Portable Devices

The latest advances in mobile battery-powered devices such as the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and mobile phones have set new goals in digital VLSI design. The portable devices require high speed and low power consumption. Even low power consumption is the dominant requirement and to do so speed can be compromised. In this paper a novel area efficient latch design is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed design with less transistor count is better choice for low power and high speed portable applications. Keywords: Latch, Low power, Portable, 8T, 6T, Power consumption, Delay

Assessment of parasitic load in goat through the examination of faecal matter

Parasitic infection do not show heavy rate of mortality, however there occurrence being chronic, most of the time leads to serious production losses, this led to study about severity of parasitic load and type of parasitic infection in goats. Parasitic infection most of the time leads to serious production losses. Gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous parasites of grazing ruminants and cause decreases in survival, live weight gain, wool and milk production and reproduction performance. Parasitic problems are a serious problem in goat. Total 60 goat faecal samples were analyzed. These results would serve as a baseline for future studies. The majority of the faecal samples (70%) of both zone I and zone II had heavy parasitic load (>3000 epg) followed by 60 per cent samples of zone III. This indicates that majority of the goats of the study area had severe parasitic infection. Chi-square analysis revealed non-significant relation between parasitic load and categories of zones. Majority of samples (48.33%) were infected with the combination of Strongyles, Strongyloides and Coccidiosis. It can be concluded that faecal egg count level was severe in majority of the samples examined

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of kidney mimicking as an inflammatory renal mass

Introduction: Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and aggressive renal tumor with few reported cases in the literature.Observations: We report a case of a 23-year-old male patient who initially presented with features of an inflammatory renal space occupying lesion (SOL) on clinical evaluation and imaging. Guided fine-needle aspiration cytology from renal mass revealed poorly differentiated neoplasm. Left open radical nephrectomy was performed. Final histopathology examination, despite the absence of clinical, radiological and gross features was consistent with a diagnosis of renal PNET. Such uncommon presentation of renal PNET has been rarely reported in the literature. Our patient then received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 on day 1, doxorubicin 20 mg/m2 on days 1–3, etoposide 150 mg/m2 on days 1–3, and ifosfamide 3 g/m2 on days 1–3 with mesna every 21 days). The patient developed multiorgan metastasis and progressive disease after remaining disease-free for 14 months.Conclusion: Renal PNET should be kept in the differentials of a renal SOL presenting in adolescents and young adults. All diagnostic modalities concerning SOL of the kidney must be interpreted with caution in order for the appropriate management. Punctures for cytology can be indicated in select cases. Histopathology, immuno histochemistry supported by cytogenetic studies are required for the exact diagnosis of renal PNET. Multidisciplinary approach consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is recommended to manage this condition in view of its aggressive nature and poor prognosis.Keywords: Renal; PNET; Imagin

Production and Reproductive Performance of Bhadawari Buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh, India

Bhadawari is one of the recognized buffalo breeds of India and is famous for high fat content in their milk. Data on production and reproductive traits were collected under Network Project on Bhadawari buffaloes, at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The overall least squares means (±SE) for peak yield, days to attain peak yield, lactation milk yield, lactation length, 305 days milk yield, milk yield per day of lactation, service period, calving interval and dry period were 6.96±0.10 kg, 52.8±4.1 days, 1250.5±24.6 kg, 291.4±4.9 days, 1213.5±21.6 kg, 4.30±0.06 kg, 172.4±7.7 days, 522.1±12.1 days and 241.80±11.3 days, respectively. Period of calving had a significant (p<0.05) to highly significant (p<0.01) effect on all the traits studied except service period and dry period, where it was not significant. Season of calving had a significant (p<0.05) effect or lactation length and highly significant (p<0.01) effect on lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield and all the reproductive traits under study. The lowest calving interval, service period and dry period were observed in rainy season calvers and they differed significantly (p<0.01) with winter and summer calvers. Parity had a significant effect (p<0.05) on lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield and milk yield per day of lactation. Pair-wise comparison revealed that lactation milk yield was highest in the 2nd lactation followed by 3rd and 4th lactation. Large coefficient of variation observed for different traits under study indicates that there is enough scope for improvement in the production and reproduction traits. Better breeding management and selection for increased performance is needed for genetic improvement of these traits

A REVIEW ON REDUCING JITTER AND POWER IN PHASE LOCKED LOOP

Jitter is extremely important in PLL based systems. The effects of jitter range from not having any effect on system operation to rendering the system completely non -functional. Reducing Jitter and power supply is one way to help to improve the system performance. This review will concentrate on jitter and power supply in PLL building blocks