430 research outputs found
Kin Availability and the Living Arrangements of Older Unmarried Women: Canada, 1985
A model of the living arrangements of older unmarried women is presented, using data from a 1985 survey of the Canadian population. Living arrangements are represented by a multichotomous variable distinguishing those living alone, with children, with siblings, and with others. The hypothesized determinants of living arrangements include income, disability status, the array of available kin, and education. Results from a multinomial logit estimation of the model confirm the importance of income, disability and kin availability; particularly interesting is the significant effect of the number of grandchildren on the relative propensities to live alone, with children, and with siblings
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The impact of high-frequency sedimentation cycles on stratigraphic interpretation
Global cyclostratigraphy, a methodology that utilizes climate change to evaluate sediment flux, characterizes the impact of sediment cycles on stratigraphy. Climatic succession, sediment yield cycles, and the phase relationship of sediment cycles to eustatic cycles are all determined in the early stages of basin analysis. Sedimentologic information is then used to assist in sequence evaluations. Climatic successions are intrinsically associated with global position (paleogeography) and are not necessarily synchronous with glacioeustatic sea-level cycles. A preliminary evaluation of the effect of climate on sediment supply from modem river systems indicates that sediment yield may vary by well over two orders of magnitude during one climate cycle. Consequently, basins in different climatic belts can have distinctly different volumes and lithologies for systems tracts that have similar base-level changes. The stratigraphic computer program Sedpak was utilized to examine the possible impact of different sedimentation cycles on sequence interpretation and reservoir forecasts. The effect of sedimentation cycles on reservoir distribution in real world sequences is demonstrated with a comparison of the Miocene section of the Surma basin, Bangladesh, and the Plio-Pleistocene section of the Gulf of Mexico. In the Surma basin, reservoirs are most likely to occur in transgressive and highstand systems tracts, while reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico are more likely in lowstand prograding complexes
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An isotope dilution model for partitioning of phenylalanine and tyrosine uptake by the liver of lactating dairy cows
An isotope dilution model to describe the partitioning of phenylalanine (PHE) and tyrosine (TYR) in the bovine liver was developed. The model comprises four intracellular and six extracellular pools and various flows connecting these pools and external blood. Conservation of mass principles were applied to generate the fundamental equations describing the behaviour of the system in the steady state. The model was applied to datasets from multi-catheterised dairy cattle during a constant infusion of [1-13C] phenylalanine and [2,3,5,6-2H] tyrosine tracers. Model solutions described the extraction of PHE and TYR from the liver via the portal vein and hepatic artery. In addition, the exchange of free PHE and TYR between extracellular and intracellular pools was explained and the hydroxylation of PHE to TYR was estimated. The model was effective in providing information about the fates of PHE and TYR in the liver and could be used as part of a more complex system describing amino acid metabolism in the whole animal
Collective dynamics of internal states in a Bose gas
Theory for the Rabi and internal Josephson effects in an interacting Bose gas
in the cold collision regime is presented. By using microscopic transport
equation for the density matrix the problem is mapped onto a problem of
precession of two coupled classical spins. In the absence of an external
excitation field our results agree with the theory for the density induced
frequency shifts in atomic clocks. In the presence of the external field, the
internal Josephson effect takes place in a condensed Bose gas as well as in a
non-condensed gas. The crossover from Rabi oscillations to the Josephson
oscillations as a function of interaction strength is studied in detail.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure
Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control.
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infect more than 400 million people each year with dangerous viral pathogens including dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Progress in understanding the biology of mosquitoes and developing the tools to fight them has been slowed by the lack of a high-quality genome assembly. Here we combine diverse technologies to produce the markedly improved, fully re-annotated AaegL5 genome assembly, and demonstrate how it accelerates mosquito science. We anchored physical and cytogenetic maps, doubled the number of known chemosensory ionotropic receptors that guide mosquitoes to human hosts and egg-laying sites, provided further insight into the size and composition of the sex-determining M locus, and revealed copy-number variation among glutathione S-transferase genes that are important for insecticide resistance. Using high-resolution quantitative trait locus and population genomic analyses, we mapped new candidates for dengue vector competence and insecticide resistance. AaegL5 will catalyse new biological insights and intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector
Debris disk size distributions: steady state collisional evolution with P-R drag and other loss processes
We present a new scheme for determining the shape of the size distribution,
and its evolution, for collisional cascades of planetesimals undergoing
destructive collisions and loss processes like Poynting-Robertson drag. The
scheme treats the steady state portion of the cascade by equating mass loss and
gain in each size bin; the smallest particles are expected to reach steady
state on their collision timescale, while larger particles retain their
primordial distribution. For collision-dominated disks, steady state means that
mass loss rates in logarithmic size bins are independent of size. This
prescription reproduces the expected two phase size distribution, with ripples
above the blow-out size, and above the transition to gravity-dominated
planetesimal strength. The scheme also reproduces the expected evolution of
disk mass, and of dust mass, but is computationally much faster than evolving
distributions forward in time. For low-mass disks, P-R drag causes a turnover
at small sizes to a size distribution that is set by the redistribution
function (the mass distribution of fragments produced in collisions). Thus
information about the redistribution function may be recovered by measuring the
size distribution of particles undergoing loss by P-R drag, such as that traced
by particles accreted onto Earth. Although cross-sectional area drops with
1/age^2 in the PR-dominated regime, dust mass falls as 1/age^2.8, underlining
the importance of understanding which particle sizes contribute to an
observation when considering how disk detectability evolves. Other loss
processes are readily incorporated; we also discuss generalised power law loss
rates, dynamical depletion, realistic radiation forces and stellar wind drag.Comment: Accepted for publication by Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical
Astronomy (special issue on EXOPLANETS
Structure, mass and stability of galactic disks
In this review I concentrate on three areas related to structure of disks in
spiral galaxies. First I will review the work on structure, kinematics and
dynamics of stellar disks. Next I will review the progress in the area of
flaring of HI layers. These subjects are relevant for the presence of dark
matter and lead to the conclusion that disk are in general not `maximal', have
lower M/L ratios than previously suspected and are locally stable w.r.t.
Toomre's Q criterion for local stability. I will end with a few words on
`truncations' in stellar disks.Comment: Invited review at "Galaxies and their Masks" for Ken Freeman's 70-th
birthday, Sossusvlei, Namibia, April 2010. A version with high-res. figures
is available at
http://www.astro.rug.nl/~vdkruit/jea3/homepage/Namibiachapter.pd
Reproducibility of 19FâMR ventilation imaging in healthy volunteers
Purpose
To assess the reproducibility of percentage ventilated lung volume (%VV) measurements in healthy volunteers acquired by fluorine (19F)âMRI of inhaled perfluoropropane, implemented at two research sites.
Methods
In this prospective, ethically approved study, 40 healthy participants were recruited (May 2018âJune 2019) to one of two research sites. Participants underwent a single MRI scan session on a 3T scanner, involving periodic inhalation of a 79% perfluoropropane/21% oxygen gas mixture. Each gas inhalation session lasted about 30 seconds, consisting of three deep breaths of gas followed by a breathâhold. Four 19FâMR ventilation images were acquired per participant, each separated by approximately 6 minutes. The value of %VV was determined by registering separately acquired 1H images to ventilation images before semiâautomated image segmentation, performed independently by two observers. Reproducibility of %VV measurements was assessed by components of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation (CoV), and the Dice similarity coefficient.
Results
The MRI scans were well tolerated throughout, with no adverse events. There was a high degree of consistency in %VV measurements for each participant (CoVobserver1 = 0.43%; CoVobserver2 = 0.63%), with overall precision of %VV measurements determined to be within ± 1.7% (95% confidence interval). Interobserver agreement in %VV measurements revealed a high mean Dice similarity coefficient (SD) of 0.97 (0.02), with only minor discrepancies between observers.
Conclusion
We demonstrate good reproducibility of %VV measurements in a group of healthy participants using 19FâMRI of inhaled perfluoropropane. Our methods have been successfully implemented across two different study sites, supporting the feasibility of performing larger multicenter clinical studies
Realising the health and wellbeing of adolescents
Adolescence is a critical stage of life characterised by rapid biological, emotional, and social development. It is during this time that every person develops the capabilities required for a productive, healthy, and satisfying life. In order to make a healthy transition into adulthood, adolescents need to have access to health education, including education on sexuality1; quality health services, including sexual and reproductive; and a supportive environment both at home and in communities and countries.The global community increasingly recognises these vital needs of adolescents, and there is an emerging consensus that investing intensively in adolescentsâ health and development is not only key to improving their survival and wellbeing but critical for the success of the post-2015 development agenda.2 The suggested inclusion of adolescent health in the United Nations secretary generalâs Global Strategy for Womenâs and Childrenâs Health is an expression of this growing awareness and represents an unprecedented opportunity to place adolescents on the political map beyond 2015. Ensuring that every adolescent has the knowledge, skills, and opportunities for a healthy, productive life and enjoyment of all human rights3 is essential for achieving improved health, social justice, gender equality, and other development goals.We argue that the priority in the revised Every Women Every Child Global Strategy needs to be giving adolescents a voice, expanding their choices and control over their bodies, and enabling them to develop the capabilities required for a productive, healthy, and satisfying life. We call for a global, participatory movement to improve the health of the worldâs adolescents as part of a broader agenda to improve their wellbeing and uphold their rights
A Study of the -component of the wave-function in light nuclei
We have measured cross sections for the reactions on
, , and in quasi-free
kinematics at incident pion beam energy 500 MeV. An enhancement of the
cross section in this kinematics is observed. If this is
interpreted as due to quasi-free scattering from pre-existing
components of the nuclear wave function, the extracted probabilities are in
agreement with theoretical expectations.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
- âŠ