Characterization and modeling of magnetic domain wall dynamics using reconstituted hysteresis loops from Barkhausen noise

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Monte Carlo studies of skyrmion stabilization under geometric confinement and uniaxial strain

Geometric confinement (GC) of skyrmions in nanodomains plays a crucial role in skyrmion stabilization. This confinement effect decreases the magnetic field necessary for skyrmion formation and is closely related to the applied mechanical stresses. However, the mechanism of GC is unclear and remains controversial. Here, we numerically study the effect of GC on skyrmion stabilization and find that zero Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) coupling constants imposed on the boundary surfaces of small thin plates cause confinement effects, stabilizing skyrmions in the low-field region. Moreover, the confined skyrmions are further stabilized by tensile strains parallel to the plate, and the skyrmion phase extends to the low-temperature region. This stabilization occurs due to the bulk anisotropic DMI coupling constant caused by lattice deformations. Our simulation data are qualitatively consistent with reported experimental data on skyrmion stabilization induced by tensile strains applied to a thin plate of the chiral magnet ${\rm Cu_2OSeO_3}$.Comment: 33 pages, 16 figure

Lability of DOC transported by Alaskan rivers to the Arctic Ocean

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 35 (2008): L03402, doi:10.1029/2007GL032837.Arctic rivers transport huge quantities of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the Arctic Ocean. The prevailing paradigm is that DOC in arctic rivers is refractory and therefore of little significance for the biogeochemistry of the Arctic Ocean. We show that there is substantial seasonal variability in the lability of DOC transported by Alaskan rivers to the Arctic Ocean: little DOC is lost during incubations of samples collected during summer, but substantial losses (20–40%) occur during incubations of samples collected during the spring freshet when the majority of the annual DOC flux occurs. We speculate that restricting sampling to summer may have biased past studies. If so, then fluvial inputs of DOC to the Arctic Ocean may have a much larger influence on coastal ocean biogeochemistry than previously realized, and reconsideration of the role of terrigenous DOC on carbon, microbial, and food-web dynamics on the arctic shelf will be warranted.This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers OPP-0436106, OPP- 0519840, and EAR-0403962, and is a contribution to the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH)

Le partage de la ressource en eau sur la Durance en 2050 : vers une évolution du mode de gestion des grands ouvrages duranciens ?

Congrès SHF: Water Tensions in Europe and in the Mediterranean: water crisis by 2050?, Paris, FRA, 08-/10/2015 - 09/10/2015International audienceUne vision prospective de la gestion de l'eau du bassin de la Durance et des territoires alimentés par ses eaux à l'horizon 2050 a été élaborée, appuyée par une chaine de modèles incluant des représentations du climat, de la ressource naturelle, des demandes en eau et du fonctionnement des grands ouvrages hydrauliques (Serre-Ponçon, Castillon et Sainte-Croix), sous contraintes de respect des débits réservés, de cotes touristiques dans les retenues et de restitution d'eau stockée pour des usages en aval. Cet ensemble, validé en temps présent, a été alimenté par des projections climatiques et paramétré pour intégrer les évolutions du territoire décrites par des scénarios de développement socio-économique avec une hypothèse de conservation des règles de gestion actuelles. Les résultats suggèrent à l'horizon 2050 : une hausse de la température moyenne de l'air impactant l'hydrologie de montagne ; une évolution incertaine des précipitations ; une réduction des stocks de neige et une fonte avancée dans l'année qui induisent une réduction des débits au printemps ; une diminution de la ressource en eau en période estivale ; une diminution de la demande globale en eau à l'échelle du territoire, cette demande étant fortement conditionnée par les scénarios territoriaux élaborés ici ; la satisfaction des demandes en eau en aval des ouvrages considérées comme prioritaires, au détriment de la production d'énergie en hiver (flexibilité moindre en période de pointe) et du maintien de cotes touristiques en été ;une diminution de la production d'énergie due notamment à la réduction des apports en amont des ouvrages hydroélectriques

GMD perspective: The quest to improve the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models

Continental- to global-scale hydrologic and land surface models increasingly include representations of the groundwater system. Such large-scale models are essential for examining, communicating, and understanding the dynamic interactions between the Earth system above and below the land surface as well as the opportunities and limits of groundwater resources. We argue that both large-scale and regional-scale groundwater models have utility, strengths, and limitations, so continued modeling at both scales is essential and mutually beneficial. A crucial quest is how to evaluate the realism, capabilities, and performance of large-scale groundwater models given their modeling purpose of addressing large-scale science or sustainability questions as well as limitations in data availability and commensurability. Evaluation should identify if, when, or where large-scale models achieve their purpose or where opportunities for improvements exist so that such models better achieve their purpose. We suggest that reproducing the spatiotemporal details of regional-scale models and matching local data are not relevant goals. Instead, it is important to decide on reasonable model expectations regarding when a large-scale model is performing “well enough” in the context of its specific purpose. The decision of reasonable expectations is necessarily subjective even if the evaluation criteria are quantitative. Our objective is to provide recommendations for improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental- to global-scale models. We describe current modeling strategies and evaluation practices, and we subsequently discuss the value of three evaluation strategies: (1) comparing model outputs with available observations of groundwater levels or other state or flux variables (observation-based evaluation), (2) comparing several models with each other with or without reference to actual observations (model-based evaluation), and (3) comparing model behavior with expert expectations of hydrologic behaviors in particular regions or at particular times (expert-based evaluation). Based on evolving practices in model evaluation as well as innovations in observations, machine learning, and expert elicitation, we argue that combining observation-, model-, and expert-based model evaluation approaches, while accounting for commensurability issues, may significantly improve the realism of groundwater representation in large-scale models, thus advancing our ability for quantification, understanding, and prediction of crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. We encourage greater community-level communication and cooperation on this quest, including among global hydrology and land surface modelers, local to regional hydrogeologists, and hydrologists focused on model development and evaluation

ESM-SnowMIP: Assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. Although it is not part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the CMIP6-endorsed Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison (LS3MIP)

Inverse model of the piezoelectric ceramic polarization under wide bandwidth mechanical excitations with fractional derivative consideration

cited By 3International audienceThis paper presents an inverse piezoelectric ceramic polarization model, T(P)), working in wide bandwidth under various mechanical excitations. The model was derived from the polarization model under electric field, P (E), by use of the correlation (E = α · T · P) between the external mechanical excitation and piezoelectric ceramic electric field. Using the model, T(P), a given polarization could be obtained by calculating the mechanical stress waveform applied to the ceramic. The piezoelectric ceramic P188 was investigated in the experiment; measurement bench and procedures have been developed to evaluate the accuracy of the model. By means of modeling dynamic counterpart (a fractional derivative part), large range of frequency 10 -3 Hz < f < 10 Hz) imposed polarization have been examined and experimental results turned out to be good both with sinusoidal and triangular waveforms. The same fractional derivative operator is universal both in mechanical and electrical excitations. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Enhanced energy harvesting from piezoceramic using hybrid stimulations

cited By 0; Conference of Chinese Materials Congress on Functional and Functionally Structured Materials, CMC 2015 ; Conference Date: 10 July 2015 Through 14 July 2015; Conference Code:172469International audienceEnergy harvesting from ambient environment vibration is a potential method to supply the low-power consumption devices. This paper demonstrates a new method to proceed energy harvesting using a piezoceramic. Both the mechanical and electrical excitations (hybrid stimulation) have been exerted on a piezoceramic. Current was measured though a current amplifier to calculate the induced polarization. By comparing the hybrid stimulation and the pure mechanical one, it can be found that the hybrid stimulation method enable to amplifier the harvested energy, which is promising to be used in energy harvesting and sensor applications. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

10- Modeling energy losses in power ultrasound transducers

International audienceMost power ultrasonic applications use Langevin transducers to generate power ultrasounds. In this chapter, we focus on a model for resonant power transducers under extreme excitation conditions. The challenge here is to correctly consider the usual resonance nonlinearities, such as jump phenomenon of transducer, asymmetric resonance peaks, and diminution of mechanical quality factor. The mechanical equation of the piezoelectric element is written using electrostriction. The dielectric part is written as a nonlinear function of an equivalent electric field including stress influence. Good simulation results allow concluding that in an ultrasonic transducer nonlinearities are only due to dielectric nonlinearities

Numerical model of the eddy current magnetic signature (EC-MS) non-destructive micro-magnetic technique

Micro-magnetic nondestructive evaluation and testing techniques are particularly efficient for the evaluation of plastic strain in steel components. A new method derived from the magnetic incremental permeability experimental setup and called Eddy Current Magnetic Signature (EC-MS) seems to be the particularly adapted for such evaluation. Numerical simulation of EC-MS has never been done before. In this article, the EC-MS method is described first, then a lump scalar phenomenological model based on a modified Jiles-Atherton model and extended to dynamic behavior is proposed for its simulation. All the simulation details are exposed and justified with physical observations