15 research outputs found
Blood pressure, lipids, and obesity are associated with reteinopathy - The Hoorn study
OBJECTIVE - To study potential risk factors for retinopathy in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The Hoorn Study is a population-based study including 2,484 50- to 74-year-old Caucasians. A subsample of 626 individuals stratified by age, sex, and glucose tolerance underwent extensive measurements during 1989-1992, including ophthalmologic examination and two-field 45-degree fundus photography. The prevalence of (diabetic) retinopathy was assessed among individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) (new World Health Organization 1999 criteria). RESULTS - The prevalence of retinopathy was 9% in NGM, 11% in IGM, 13% in NDM, and 34% in KDM. Retinopathy worse than minimal nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 8% in KDM and 0-2% in other glucose categories. The prevalence of retinopathy was positively associated with elevated blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels in all glucose categories. The age-, sex-, and glucose metabolism category-adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9), 1.3 (1.0-1.7), and 1.3 (1.0-1.6) per SD increase of systolic blood pressure, BMI, and total cholesterol concentration, respectively, and 1.2 (1.0-1.5) per 50% increase of triglyceride level. Elevated blood pressure and plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels showed associations with retinal hard exudates. CONCLUSIONS - Retinopathy is a multifactorial microvascular complication, which, apart from hyperglycemia, is associated with blood pressure, lipid concentrations, and BMI
Long-range Angular Correlations On The Near And Away Side In P-pb Collisions At √snn=5.02 Tev
7191/Mar294
Diabetic Retinopathy Is Associated With Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence: The EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study
Performing subcutaneous injections : a literature review
Background: Persons using daily subcutaneous injections to administer medicine perform them in
different ways and thereby increase the risk of skin complications related to the injection. It is often part
of nurses’ role to administer medicine and educate the patient in injection technique. Course literature
in nursing education, commercial patient education pamphlets, and instructional leaflets do not give
consistent advice regarding subcutaneous injection technique.
Aim: The aim of this review was to identify the scientific foundation for the technical performance
of subcutaneous injections. The question to be answered was: How should a subcutaneous injection be
administered to achieve the right dose in the right place with minimum complications?
Method: The review included a search in three databases, a screening process at abstract level, followed
by a quality assessment of included articles. The quality assessment was done independently by two people
and followed specific protocols.
Result: A total of 38 articles were assessed for quality and covered information on dose, location, and
complications of subcutaneous injection. The assessed studies are heterogeneous in design and describe
different aspects of the subcutaneous injection technique. Therefore, the scientific foundation for technical
performance is weak. However, several studies indicate that the amount of subcutaneous fat and
appropriate needle length are of high importance for the drug to reach the target tissue.
Conclusion: More research regarding effective subcutaneous injection technique needs to be done
Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores
Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease