Possibilities and limits of use plastic constructions in fruit growing technologies

On the Experimental Station Pallag of Debrecen University different combinations of fruit species and rootstocks have been raised under and without plastic foil cover in 2002. The growth and productivity of the grafts was our objective of comparison. Results revealed substantial differences in fruit set and yield depending on species and varieties. Sweet and sour cherry varieties grew much shorter under the plastic cover, whereas apricots, peaches and plums set fruit much more eagerly compared with the trees outside the plastic cover. Outside the plastic cover, the trees were much more developed at the beginning of their fruiting period. In spite of that, the growing processes were more intense under the foil. The differences are allegedly due to the repeated summer pruning necessary under the restricted space of the foil, on the other hand, due to the root concurrence because of the dense planting. Regarding the inner properties of the fruits, soluble solids, sugar and acids were higher outside, whereas macro- and mezzo-elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) were more abundant in fruits grown under the foil cover. Further efforts to explore those relations with other varieties and rootstocks are justified

Possibilities and limits of use plastic constructions in fruit growing technologies

On the Experimental Station Pallag of Debrecen University different combinations of fruit species and rootstocks have been raisedunder and without plastic foil cover in 2002. The growth and productivity of the grafts was our objective of comparison. Results revealedsubstantial differences in fruit set and yield depending on species and varieties. Sweet and sour cherry varieties grew much shorter under theplastic cover, whereas apricots, peaches and plums set fruit much more eagerly compared with the trees outside the plastic cover.Outside the plastic cover, the trees were much more developed at the beginning of their fruiting period. In spite of that, the growingprocesses were more intense under the foil. The differences are allegedly due to the repeated summer pruning necessary under the restrictedspace of the foil, on the other hand, due to the root concurrence because of the dense planting.Regarding the inner properties of the fruits, soluble solids, sugar and acids were higher outside, whereas macro- and mezzo-elements (P,K, Ca, Mg) were more abundant in fruits grown under the foil cover.Further efforts to explore those relations with other varieties and rootstocks are justified

Summer pruning of sweet cherry trees and an inquiry of winter frost damages

One of the most demanded research projects is the intensification of fruit production. The use of dwarfing stocks is a moderate solution as their effect is scarcely satisfactory. Climatic conditions of Hungary are continental in Eastern Europe, where Atlantic and Mediterranean effects are interacting with the continentals in a kind of basin with characters of its own. Capricious meteorological episodes are often disturbing the security of development and fruiting of trees:• winter frosts are damaging the cambium and fruiting structures of trees• late spring frosts destroy cambium and flowers• early autumn frosts hurt the leaves• excessive precipitation impairs the growing fruits• drought periods during the summer caused water stress disturbing water husbandry. Vigorous stocks still prevail in the practice, and they ought to withstand challenges of weather hazards. The strong vigour of plants delaysthe process of senescence and the tendency of getting bald, and regeneration of plants is a sign of vitality. In present research, the trees have been trained on vigorous Prunus mahaleb stocks. Summer pruning was one of the important tools of intensive growing techniques. They were compared with traditional techniques and with plastic foil protected trees observing the vegetative as well as generative growth of them

Effect of hail protecting nets on the quality of apples

Today, successful fruit growing depends largely on the security of production. Among the technological elements of a secure growing system, the use of hail protection nets serves special attention. Components of security are the regularity, conspicuous large yields with excellent quality, which determine the prices and profitability as well (Szabó et al., 2010). In the European Union, most of the apple growing countries produce higher yields by 10-20% than Hungary. The conditions of better yields are partly due to a more favourable ecological milieu, partly to more developed technologies and serious discipline of the operations. Our own competitiveness could be developed first of all in those moments. As a consequence of global climatic changes, excesses of weather, i.e. hail-storms became more frequent. Different methods of protection against hail are developed abroad but also in Hungary. The examination of effects of the hail protection nets compared with the check without nets has been the purpose of our experiments. The growing system was the intensive one with high planting densities. Fruits of the two subsequent years have been compared as grown with and without hail protective nets. It turned out that in one season when shoot growth was stimulated, the shadowing effect of the net increased in addition the growth and at the same time braked the differentiation of flower buds, which exerted negative effects on yield of the next year. Let alone this phenomenon, the quality of fruits was not influenced by the hail protection net

Effect of hail protecting nets on the quality of apples

Today, successful fruit growing depends largely on the security of production. Among the technological elements of a securegrowing system, the use of hail protection nets serves special attention. Components of security are the regularity, conspicuous large yieldswith excellent quality, which determine the prices and profitability as well (Szabó et al., 2010).In the European Union, most of the apple growing countries produce higher yields by 10-20% than Hungary. The conditions of betteryields are partly due to a more favourable ecological milieu, partly to more developed technologies and serious discipline of the operations.Our own competitiveness could be developed first of all in those moments.As a consequence of global climatic changes, excesses of weather, i.e. hail-storms became more frequent. Different methods of protectionagainst hail are developed abroad but also in Hungary. The examination of effects of the hail protection nets compared with the check withoutnets has been the purpose of our experiments. The growing system was the intensive one with high planting densities. Fruits of the twosubsequent years have been compared as grown with and without hail protective nets. It turned out that in one season when shoot growth wasstimulated, the shadowing effect of the net increased in addition the growth and at the same time braked the differentiation of flower buds,which exerted negative effects on yield of the next year. Let alone this phenomenon, the quality of fruits was not influenced by the hailprotection net

Microthrombotic renal involvement in an SLE patient with concomitant catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: the beneficial effect of rituximab treatment

LBK

A four-factor model of work addiction: the development of the work addiction risk test revised (WART-R)

Work has a crucial role in individuals’ productivity, social life and psychological wellbeing. Despite various definitions of work addiction in the literature, the number of psychometrically reliable instruments is limited. The aim of this study was to psychometrically test and revise the factor structure of the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), one of the most widely used instruments assessing work addiction. The full version of the WART (Robinson, Post, & Khakee, 1992) was assessed using a nationally representative sample of Hungary (N = 2710). To increase validity, the analyses were conducted among individuals who worked at least 40 hours a week (N = 1286, 43% women, mean age = 38.9 years, SD = 10.8). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the originally proposed four- and five-factor solutions did not have adequate model fit indices. Thus, the sample was randomly divided into two subsamples. Exploratory factor analysis conducted in the first half of the sample supported a four-factor solution, which was confirmed in the other half of the sample. The Work Addiction Risk Test Revised (WART-R) comprises 17 items and four factors (i.e., Overcommitment, Impatience, Hard-working, and Salience). As a conclusion, the WART-R is suitable to be used as an indicator work addiction based on clinically relevant symptom dimensions

A neural oscillations perspective on phonological development and phonological processing in developmental dyslexia

Children’s ability to reflect upon and manipulate the sounds in words (’phonological awareness’) develops as part of natural language acquisition, supports reading acquisition, and develops further as reading and spelling are learned. Children with developmental dyslexia typically have impairments in phonological awareness. Many developmental factors contribute to individual differences in phonological development. One important source of individual differences may be the child’s sensory/neural processing of the speech signal from an amplitude modulation (~ energy or intensity variation) perspective, which may affect the quality of the sensory/neural representations (’phonological representations’) that support phonological awareness. During speech encoding, brain electrical rhythms (oscillations, rhythmic variations in neural excitability) re-calibrate their temporal activity to be in time with rhythmic energy variations in the speech signal. The accuracy of this neural alignment or ’entrainment’ process is related to speech intelligibility. Recent neural studies demonstrate atypical oscillatory function at slower rates in children with developmental dyslexia. Potential relations with the development of phonological awareness by children with dyslexia are discussed.Medical Research Council, G0400574 and G090237

AIMSurv: First pan-European harmonized surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito species of relevance for human vector-borne diseases

Human and animal vector-borne diseases, particularly mosquito-borne diseases, are emerging or re-emerging worldwide. Six Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species were introduced to Europe since the 1970s: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus. Here, we report the results of AIMSurv2020, the first pan-European surveillance effort for AIMs. Implemented by 42 volunteer teams from 24 countries. And presented in the form of a dataset named “AIMSurv Aedes Invasive Mosquito species harmonized surveillance in Europe. AIM-COST Action. Project ID: CA17108”. AIMSurv2020 harmonizes field surveillance methodologies for sampling different AIMs life stages, frequency and minimum length of sampling period, and data reporting. Data include minimum requirements for sample types and recommended requirements for those teams with more resources. Data are published as a Darwin Core archive in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility- Spain, comprising a core file with 19,130 records (EventID) and an occurrences file with 19,743 records (OccurrenceID). AIM species recorded in AIMSurv2020 were Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus and Ae. koreicus, as well as native mosquito species