Spectroscopic Investigation of Manganese (II) Bakelite Composite

ABSTRACT: Manganese (II) Bakelite composite were prepared by incorporating polymer reactants of Bakelite in prepared homogeneous solution of MnCl 2 .4H 2 O salt in distilled water. It was characterised by FTIR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results reported the feasibility of composite formation

Overview Of In-Situ Gelling System For Diabetic Wound

The "in situ gel" system has become one of the best innovative drug delivery methods; thanks to its unique property of "Sol to Gel" transition, it aids in the prolonged and regulated release of the pharmaceuticals. An in situ gelling system is a formulation that, before entering the body, is in solution form but transforms into a gel under different physiological circumstances. Different polymers can potentially be utilized for different drug administration routes and go through in situ gel formation. In situ gelling systems have a variety of uses and benefits in modern society. The introduction to in situ gel, its mechanism, the numerous polymers utilized, and its applications are the primary topics of this paper. Through a challenging biological process known as wound healing, damaged tissues are rebuilt and skin integrity is recovered. Insulin, a crucial component in wound healing, has been proven in numerous studies to speed up the healing of a variety of wounds in both people and animals. Despite the fact that several research have looked at how systemic insulin can treat burn wounds, relatively few have looked at how well topical insulin works. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the information on the effects of topical insulin on both diabetic and non-diabetic wound healing. Topical insulin improves quicker wound healing through a variety of mechanisms without causing any harmful side effects, according to published animal and clinical experiments. Additionally, a number of wound dressings that deliver bioactive insulin gradually and regularly hasten the healing process. Therefore, topical insulin has been valued in the field of wound healing, and additional research is required to better understand the role of insulin in the healing of different types of wound

Measuring the Resilience of Supply Chain Systems Using a Survival Model

Disruptions at any stage of a supply chain system can cause mammoth operational and financial losses to a firm. When there is a disruption with a supply chain system, it is highly desired that the system quickly recover. The ability of recovery is, in short, called resilience. This paper proposes a new measure of the resilience of a supply chain system based on the concept of survival and, subsequently, a survival model [Cox proportional hazard (Cox-PH) model]. The survival model represents a time interval or period from the time the system failed to function to the time the system gets back with its function (i.e., recovery). The input to the model is, thus, a failure event; the output from the model is the recovery time. This model has been implemented. There is a case study to illustrate how the model is used to give a quantitative measurement of resilience, in terms of recovery time. © 2014 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Measuring the Resilience of Supply Chain Systems Using a Survival Model

Disruptions at any stage of a supply chain system can cause mammoth operational and financial losses to a firm. When there is a disruption with a supply chain system, it is highly desired that the system quickly recover. The ability of recovery is, in short, called resilience. This paper proposes a new measure of the resilience of a supply chain system based on the concept of survival and, subsequently, a survival model [Cox proportional hazard (Cox-PH) model]. The survival model represents a time interval or period from the time the system failed to function to the time the system gets back with its function (i.e., recovery). The input to the model is, thus, a failure event; the output from the model is the recovery time. This model has been implemented. There is a case study to illustrate how the model is used to give a quantitative measurement of resilience, in terms of recovery time. © 2014 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

Hyperactive ERK and Persistent mTOR Signaling Characterize Vemurafenib Resistance in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells

Clinical studies evaluating targeted BRAFV600E inhibitors in advanced thyroid cancer patients are currently underway. Vemurafenib (BRAFV600E inhibitor) monotherapy has shown promising results thus far, although development of resistance is a clinical challenge. The objective of this study was to characterize development of resistance to BRAFV600E inhibition and to identify targets for effective combination therapy. We created a line of BCPAP papillary thyroid cancer cells resistant to vemurafenib by treating with increasing concentrations of the drug. The resistant BCPAP line was characterized and compared to its sensitive counterpart with respect to signaling molecules thought to be directly related to resistance. Expression and phosphorylation of several critical proteins were analyzed by Western blotting and dimerization was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. Resistance to vemurafenib in BCPAP appeared to be mediated by constitutive overexpression of phospho-ERK and by resistance to inhibition of both phospho-mTOR and phospho-S6 ribosomal protein after vemurafenib treatment. Expression of potential alternative signaling molecule, CRAF, was not increased in the resistant line, although formation of CRAF dimers appeared increased. Expression of membrane receptors HER2 and HER3 was greatly amplified in the resistant cancer cells. Papillary thyroid cancer cells were capable of overcoming targeted BRAFV600E inhibition by rewiring of cell signal pathways in response to prolonged vemurafenib therapy. Our study suggests that in vitro culture of cancer cells may be useful in assessing molecular resistance pathways. Potential therapies in advanced thyroid cancer patients may combine vemurafenib with inhibitors of CRAF, HER2/HER3, ERK, and/or mTOR to delay or abort development of resistance

A Study of Meticillin Resistant Pattern on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pokhara

ABSTRACT Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the well-known etiologic agents for a wide variety of infections in both hospital and community settings. It is also a growing threat to the immunocompromised as well as to the general public. A total of 98 S. aureus isolates from 450 different human clinical specimens comprising pus, nasal swab, blood, urine and sputum were obtained at two tertiary care hospitals of Pokhara; Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH) and Western Regional Hospital (WRH). Those isolates were then screened for meticillin resistance by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique following aseptic procedures in Microbiology laboratory, WRH. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Meticillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Meticillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied by using antibiotic discs like cefoxitin (30mcg), oxacillin (1mcg), vancomycin (30mcg) and gentamicin (10mcg). 72.4% of the isolates were found to be MRSA while 27.6% were MSSA. Among them, very high resistance levels (87.8%) and (74.5%) were detected against oxacillin and cefoxitin while gentamicin and vancomycin recorded the least resistance levels i.e (25.5%) and (5.1%) respectively. High percentage of meticillin resistant isolates and occurence of vancomycin resistance among them which may refer to irrational use of antimicrobial agent, thus, necessitate implementation of good strategies for control of infection and use of antibiotics. Outcome of this study emphasizes the need for constant monitoring on the prevalence of MRSA and to help clinicians/doctors in the effective management and treatment of infections caused by S.aureus

Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities

This discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as additive and continuous production process technologies), digitization together with infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big-data) provide new opportunities. To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalizable findings on DM challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies, and the impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of activities are examined in terms of the democratizing impact on participating network actors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of DM, from the traditional centralized, large scale, long lead-time forecast driven production operations, to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralized, autonomous near end-user driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of DM on the industrial and urban landscape.The Cambridge–Hamied Visiting Lecture Scheme and UKIERIThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2016.119230

Geotechnical Effects of the 2015 Magnitude 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake and Aftershocks

This article summarizes the geotechnical effects of the 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake and aftershocks, as documented by a reconnaissance team that undertook a broad engineering and scientific assessment of the damage and collected perishable data for future analysis. Brief descriptions are provided of ground shaking, surface fault rupture, landsliding, soil failure, and infrastructure performance. The goal of this reconnaissance effort, led by Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance, is to learn from earthquakes and mitigate hazards in future earthquakes

Physics Potential of the ICAL detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

The upcoming 50 kt magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is designed to study the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos separately over a wide range of energies and path lengths. The primary focus of this experiment is to explore the Earth matter effects by observing the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range. This study will be crucial to address some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, including the fundamental issue of neutrino mass hierarchy. In this document, we present the physics potential of the detector as obtained from realistic detector simulations. We describe the simulation framework, the neutrino interactions in the detector, and the expected response of the detector to particles traversing it. The ICAL detector can determine the energy and direction of the muons to a high precision, and in addition, its sensitivity to multi-GeV hadrons increases its physics reach substantially. Its charge identification capability, and hence its ability to distinguish neutrinos from antineutrinos, makes it an efficient detector for determining the neutrino mass hierarchy. In this report, we outline the analyses carried out for the determination of neutrino mass hierarchy and precision measurements of atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters at ICAL, and give the expected physics reach of the detector with 10 years of runtime. We also explore the potential of ICAL for probing new physics scenarios like CPT violation and the presence of magnetic monopoles.Comment: 139 pages, Physics White Paper of the ICAL (INO) Collaboration, Contents identical with the version published in Pramana - J. Physic

Estrogen Induced Metastatic Modulators MMP-2 and MMP-9 Are Targets of 3,3′-Diindolylmethane in Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine related cancer with increasing incidences during the past five years. Current treatments for thyroid cancer, such as surgery or radioactive iodine therapy, often require patients to be on lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy and given the significant recurrence rates of thyroid cancer, new preventive modalities are needed. The present study investigates the property of a natural dietary compound found in cruciferous vegetables, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), to target the metastatic phenotype of thyroid cancer cells through a functional estrogen receptor.Thyroid cancer cell lines were treated with estrogen and/or DIM and subjected to in vitro adhesion, migration and invasion assays to investigate the anti-metastatic and anti-estrogenic effects of DIM. We observed that DIM inhibits estrogen mediated increase in thyroid cell migration, adhesion and invasion, which is also supported by ER-α downregulation (siRNA) studies. Western blot and zymography analyses provided direct evidence for this DIM mediated inhibition of E(2) enhanced metastasis associated events by virtue of targeting essential proteolytic enzymes, namely MMP-2 and MMP-9.Our data reports for the first time that DIM displays anti-estrogenic like activity by inhibiting estradiol enhanced thyroid cancer cell proliferation and in vitro metastasis associated events, namely adhesion, migration and invasion. Most significantly, MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are known to promote and enhance metastasis, were determined to be targets of DIM. This anti-estrogen like property of DIM may lead to the development of a novel preventive and/or therapeutic dietary supplement for thyroid cancer patients by targeting progression of the disease