Low Energy Turnover of Physically Inactive Participants as a Determinant of Insufficient Mineral and Vitamin Intake in NHANES.

Micronutrient requirements do not scale linearly with physical activity-related energy expenditure (AEE). Inactive persons may have insufficient micronutrient intake because of low energy intake (EI). We extracted data from NHANES 2003-2006 on 4015 adults (53 ± 18 years (mean ± SD), 29 ± 6 kg/m², 48% women) with valid physical activity (accelerometry) and food intake (2 × 24 h-dietary recall) measures. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by summing the basal metabolic rate (BMR, Harris-Benedict), AEE, and 10% of TEE for the thermic effect of food, to calculate the physical activity levels (PAL = TEE/BMR). Energy intake (EI) was scaled to match TEE assuming energy balance. Adjusted food intake was then analyzed for energy and micronutrient content and compared to estimated average requirements. The NHANES population was physically insufficiently active. There were 2440 inactive (PAL < 1.4), 1469 lightly to moderately active (PAL1.4 < 1.7), 94 sufficiently active (PAL1.7 < 2.0), and 12 very active participants (PAL ≥ 2.0). The inactive vs. active had significantly lower intake for all micronutrients apart from vitamin A, B12, C, K, and copper ( <i>p</i> < 0.05). The inactive participants had insufficient intake for 6/19 micronutrients, while the active participants had insufficient intake for 5/19 ( <i>p</i> < 0.05) micronutrients. Multiple linear regression indicated a lower risk for insufficient micronutrient intake for participants with higher PAL and BMI ( <i>p</i> < 0.001). Symmetrical up-scaling of PAL and EI to recommended physical activity levels reduced the frequency of micronutrient insufficiencies. It follows that prevalence of insufficient micronutrient intake from food in NHANES might be partly determined by low energy turnover from insufficient PAL

Spectral Equivalence of Bosons and Fermions in One-Dimensional Harmonic Potentials

Recently, Schmidt and Schnack (cond-mat/9803151, cond-mat/9810036), following earlier references, reiterate that the specific heat of N non-interacting bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic well equals that of N fermions in the same potential. We show that this peculiar relationship between specific heats results from a more dramatic equivalence between bose and fermi systems. Namely, we prove that the excitation spectrums of such bose and fermi systems are spectrally equivalent. Two complementary proofs are provided, one based on an analysis of the dynamical symmetry group of the N-body system, the other using combinatoric analysis.Comment: Six Pages, No Figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Driven transverse shear waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma

The linear dispersion properties of transverse shear waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma are experimentally studied by exciting them in a controlled manner with a variable frequency external source. The dusty plasma is maintained in the strongly coupled fluid regime with (1 < Gamma << Gamma_c) where Gamma is the Coulomb coupling parameter and Gamma_c is the crystallization limit. A dispersion relation for the transverse waves is experimentally obtained over a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 2 Hz and found to show good agreement with viscoelastic theoretical results.Comment: The manuscripts contains five pages and 6 figure

Information system for monitoring, estimates and forecastes the main vital parameters of neonatal status

Certain categories of people, as well as newborn babies require constant monitoring signs of their life in hospitals or at home. The most common reason for this observation - apnea. Apnea - a condition accompanied by a lack of respiratory movements for more than 20 seconds. Caused by various factors such as the depletion of blood carbon dioxide caused by excessive ventilation, diseases such as bronchial asthma, various pulmonary diseases, snoring. This observation is particularly relevant for their newborn children. In the light of these provisions, the relevance of this work is evident and the need to address the information system for monitoring vital parameters, estimates and forecasts status of newborns as the problems of the complex. In order to observe these main basic parameters of life, we need a punctual device, which helps monitor newborns, on the one hand and, on the other hand to obtain a correct solution with respect to time in an emergency without the need for specialist or doctor. An artificial intelligence tool, which depends on machine learning, is the best modern method for this kind of information system

Non-Simplified SUSY: Stau-Coannihilation at LHC and ILC

If new phenomena beyond the Standard Model will be discovered at the LHC, the properties of the new particles could be determined with data from the High-Luminosity LHC and from a future linear collider like the ILC. We discuss the possible interplay between measurements at the two accelerators in a concrete example, namely a full SUSY model which features a small stau_1-LSP mass difference. Various channels have been studied using the Snowmass 2013 combined LHC detector implementation in the Delphes simulation package, as well as simulations of the ILD detector concept from the Technical Design Report. We investigate both the LHC and ILC capabilities for discovery, separation and identification of various parts of the spectrum. While some parts would be discovered at the LHC, there is substantial room for further discoveries at the ILC. We finally highlight examples where the precise knowledge about the lower part of the mass spectrum which could be acquired at the ILC would enable a more in-depth analysis of the LHC data with respect to the heavier states.Comment: 42 pages, 18 figures, 12 table

Exceptional structure of the dilute A3_3 model: E8_8 and E7_7 Rogers--Ramanujan identities

The dilute A$_3$ lattice model in regime 2 is in the universality class of the Ising model in a magnetic field. Here we establish directly the existence of an E$_8$ structure in the dilute A$_3$ model in this regime by expressing the 1-dimensional configuration sums in terms of fermionic sums which explicitly involve the E$_8$ root system. In the thermodynamic limit, these polynomial identities yield a proof of the E$_8$ Rogers--Ramanujan identity recently conjectured by Kedem {\em et al}. The polynomial identities also apply to regime 3, which is obtained by transforming the modular parameter by $q\to 1/q$. In this case we find an A_1\times\mbox{E}_7 structure and prove a Rogers--Ramanujan identity of A_1\times\mbox{E}_7 type. Finally, in the critical $q\to 1$ limit, we give some intriguing expressions for the number of $L$-step paths on the A$_3$ Dynkin diagram with tadpoles in terms of the E$_8$ Cartan matrix. All our findings confirm the E$_8$ and E$_7$ structure of the dilute A$_3$ model found recently by means of the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz.Comment: 9 pages, 1 postscript figur

Much more medicine for the oldest old: trends in UK electronic clinical records

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: the oldest old (85+) pose complex medical challenges. Both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are claimed in this group. OBJECTIVE: to estimate diagnosis, prescribing and hospital admission prevalence from 2003/4 to 2011/12, to monitor trends in medicalisation. DESIGN AND SETTING: observational study of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) electronic medical records from general practice populations (eligible; n = 27,109) with oversampling of the oldest old. METHODS: we identified 18 common diseases and five geriatric syndromes (dizziness, incontinence, skin ulcers, falls and fractures) from Read codes. We counted medications prescribed ≥1 time in all quarters of studied years. RESULTS: there were major increases in recorded prevalence of most conditions in the 85+ group, especially chronic kidney disease (stages 3-5: prevalence <1% rising to 36.4%). The proportions of the 85+ group with ≥3 conditions rose from 32.2 to 55.1% (27.1 to 35.1% in the 65-84 year group). Geriatric syndrome trends were less marked. In the 85+ age group the proportion receiving no chronically prescribed medications fell from 29.6 to 13.6%, while the proportion on ≥3 rose from 44.6 to 66.2%. The proportion of 85+ year olds with ≥1 hospital admissions per year rose from 27.6 to 35.4%. CONCLUSIONS: there has been a dramatic increase in the medicalisation of the oldest old, evident in increased diagnosis (likely partly due to better record keeping) but also increased prescribing and hospitalisation. Diagnostic trends especially for chronic kidney disease may raise concerns about overdiagnosis. These findings provide new urgency to questions about the appropriateness of multiple diagnostic labelling.This study was supported by Age UK (registered charity number 1128267). The team hold a licence to analyse CPRD data. A.B. was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research. J.A.H.M. is funded by a NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship Award. W.E.H. was supported by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for the South West Peninsula. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, Age UK or the Department of Health. Financial sponsors played no role in the design, execution, analysis and interpretation of data or writing of the stud

Magnetization reversal and local switching fields of ferromagnetic Co/Pd microtubes with radial magnetization

Three-dimensional nanomagnetism is a rapidly growing field of research covering both noncollinear spin textures and curved magnetic geometries including microtubular structures. We spatially resolve the field-induced magnetization reversal of free-standing ferromagnetic microtubes utilizing multifrequency magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The microtubes are composed of Co/Pd multilayer films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy that translates to an anisotropy with radial easy axis upon rolling-up. Simultaneously mapping the topography and the perpendicular magnetostatic force derivative, the relation between surface angle and local magnetization configuration is evaluated for a large number of locations with slopes exceeding 45 degrees. The angle-dependence of the switching field is concurrent with the Kondorsky model, i.e., the rolled-up nanomembrane behaves like a planar magnetic film with perpendicular anisotropy and a pinning dominated magnetization reversal. Additionally, we discuss methodological challenges when detecting magnetostatic force derivatives near steep surfaces

Nonlinear vertical oscillations of a particle in a sheath of a rf discharge

A new simple method to measure the spatial distribution of the electric field in the plasma sheath is proposed. The method is based on the experimental investigation of vertical oscillations of a single particle in the sheath of a low-pressure radio-frequency discharge. It is shown that the oscillations become strongly nonlinear and secondary harmonics are generated as the amplitude increases. The theory of anharmonic oscillations provides a good qualitative description of the data and gives estimates for the first two anharmonic terms in an expansion of the sheath potential around the particle equilibrium.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure