Persepsi Masyarakat Desa Penyangga terhadap Kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Pasca Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Konservasi Terpadu : Studi Kasus di Desa Napal Licin dan Desa Pulau Kidak, Kecamatan Ulu Rawas, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan

Selama tahun 1998-2002, Bank Dunia melalui Global Environment Facility (GEF) bekerja sama dengan Departemen Kehutanan dan Departemen Dalam Negeri dan Otonomi Daerah melakukan kegiatan Program Konservasi dan Pembangunan Terpadu (Integrated Conservation and Development Program/ICDP) di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak pelaksanaan program tersebut terhadap persepsi masyarakat di 2 desa mengenai keberadaan TNKS. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Napal Licin dan Desa Pulau Kidak, Kecamatan Ulu Rawas, Kabupaten Rawas Ulu, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey rumah tangga dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program ICDP belum mampu merubah persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan kawasan TNKS

Performance and Emission Parameters of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Castor Oil Bio-Diesel Blended Fuels

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and emission parameters of a CI single cylinder diesel engine operating on biodiesel-diesel blends (B0, B5, B10, B15 and E20: 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel by volume). A reactor was designed, fabricated and evaluated for biodiesel production. The results showed that increasing the biodiesel content in the blend fuel will increase the performance parameters and decrease the emission parameters. Maximum power was detected for B0 at 2650 rpm and maximum torque was belonged to B20 at 1600 rpm. The experimental results revealed that using biodiesel-diesel blended fuels increased the power and torque output of the engine. For biodiesel blends it was found that the specific fuel consumption (sfc) was decreased. B10 had the minimum amount for sfc. The concentration of CO2 and HC emissions in the exhaust pipe were measured and found to be decreased when biodiesel blends were introduced. This was due to the high oxygen percentage in the biodiesel compared to the net diesel fuel. In contrast, the concentration of CO and NOx was found to be increased when biodiesel is introduced

Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Gamma-Type Stirling Engine to Produce Electricity from Biomass for the Micro-CHP System

With consideration of the biomass energy potential, a gamma type Stirling engine with 220cc swept volume and 580cc total volume was designed, optimized and manufactured. The engine was tested with helium. Working characteristics of the engine were obtained within the range of heat source temperature 370- 410˚C and charge pressure 10 bar for biomass resources and heat source temperature 540- 560 ˚C and range of charge pressure 1-12 bar with 1 bar increments at each stage for gases. By using of thermodynamic and heat transfer design methods, the key parameters of the designed Stirling engine like required surfaces for heat transfer were calculated (hot side 307 and the cold side 243 squares of centimeters). For analysis of fluid flow, two-dimensional flow analysis method was performed by the software CFD methods. The principles of thermodynamics as well as Schmidt theory were adapted to use for modeling the engine and then pressure - volume diagrams of the thermodynamic and Schmidt analysis were compared. During the test, the temperature is monitored by thermocouples and the pressure of the working fluid helium is monitored by pressure sensors. Indicated power, friction power and brake power were measured and maximum brake power output was obtained with helium at 550˚C heat source temperature and 10 bar charge pressure at 700 rpm as 96.7 W. Electrical energy produced from biomass sources.Sugarcane bagasse, wood, wheat straw, poplar wood and sawdust as fuel system were selected. Most power be obtained from the sawdust (46 watt) and pruning of trees for wood for low power (21 watts), respectively. Minimum ignition time of the Sawdust (4 min) and the most time flammable wood from pruned trees (10 min) was measured. At maximum power, the internal thermal efficiency of the engine was measured as 16%. The test results confirm the fact that Stirling engines driven by temperature of biomass gases are able to achieve a valuable output power. Results of the present work encouraged initiating design of a single cylinder, gamma type Stirling engine of 1 kWe capacity for rural electrification

Reduced graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotubes hybrid film with low Pt loading as counter electrode for improved photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitised solar cells

In this work, the role of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with hyperbranched surfactant and its hybridisation with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) as counter electrode (CE) were investigated to determine the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). Sodium 1,4-is(neopentyloxy)-3-(neopentyloxycarbonyl)- 1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate (TC14) surfactant was utilised as dispersing and stabilising agent in electrochemical exfoliation to synthesise graphene oxide (GO) as initial solution for rGO production prior to its further hybridisation and fabrication as thin film. A chemical reduction process utilising hydrazine hydrate was conducted to produce rGO due to the low temperature process and water-based GO solution. Subsequently, hybrid solution was prepared by mixing 1 wt% MWCNTs into the produced rGO solution. TC14-rGO and TC14-rGO_MWCNTs hybrid solution were transferred into fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate to fabricate thin film by spraying deposition method. Finally, the CE films were prepared by coating with thin Pt NPs. Photoanode film was prepared by a two-step process: hydrothermal growth method to synthesise titanium dioxide nanowires (TiO2 NWs) and subsequent squeegee method to apply TiO2 NPs. According to solar simulator measurement, the highest energy conversion efficiency (η) was achieved by using CE-based TC14-rGO_MWCNTs/Pt (1.553%), with the highest short current density of 4.424 mA/cm2. The highest η was due to the high conductivity of CE hybrid film and the morphology of fabricated TiO2 NWs/TiO2 NPs. Consequently, the dye adsorption was high, and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs was increased. This result also showed that rGO and rGO_MWCNTs hybrid can be used as considerable potential candidate materials to replace Pt gradually

The analysis of coating performance on stainless steel in high speed machining

This paper describes the performance of coated tools inserts (TiAlN, Al2O3 and TiCN) when machining stainless steel AISI 416 at high cutting speed. The effects of cutting speed and feed rate on the surface roughness and tool life were studied experimentally. The settings of machining parameters were determined by using general full factorial design method. For tested range of milling conditions, the result shows that the surface roughness is highly affected by the feed rate, while tool life is highly affected by combination of cutting speed and feed rate. TiAlN coating performs better followed by Al2O3 coating and TiCN coating. Slow wear rate were observed at the combination of cutting parameters which are low cutting speed (260m/min) and feed rate (0.24mm/rev). Meanwhile, interaction between low value of feed rate (0.24mm/rev) and high value of cutting speed (320m/min) that produce good surface finish. Generally, TiAlN coated tool perform better than another coated tools, in terms of surface finish and tool life with current parameters

Fabrication, structural, optical, electrical, and humidity sensing characteristics of hierarchical NiO nanosheet/nanoball fower like structure flms

In this work, nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheet/nanoball-fower-like structures (NSBS) were directly grown on a NiO seed-coated glass substrate using a low-temperature immersion method at 75 ºC. The thickness, or density, of the nanoball-fower-like structures difered based on the following samples order: NSBS1< NSBS2< NSBS3. The synthesised NSBS flms were investigated in terms of structural, optical, electrical, and humidity sensing characteristics. The X-ray difraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the NSBS samples corresponded to the face-centred cubic NiO with fve difraction patterns indexed to the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) planes. The interplanar spacing, lattice parameter, unit cell volume, strain, and stress were also determined from the XRD results. The transmittance spectra showed that the NSBS samples had a transparency of more than 30% in the visible region. The optical bandgap values for the NSBS samples were estimated in the range between 3.72 and 3.75 eV, which is directly related to their lattice expansion and defect characteristics. The current–voltage and Hall efect measurement results revealed that the NSBS2 displayed good electrical properties with the resistance, hole concentration, and hole mobility values of 7.84 MΩ, 8.71×1015 hole/cm−3, and 1.88×102 cm2 /V s, respectively. The NSBS samples performed well for humidity sensing with the highest sensitivity value of 169 being obtained for the NSBS2. These humidity sensing results correlated well with their structural, optical, and electrical characteristics

Modulation of Sn concentration in ZnO nanorod array: intensification on the conductivity and humidity sensing properties

Tin (Sn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (TZO) were synthesized onto aluminum-doped ZnO-coated glass substrate via a facile sonicated sol–gel immersion method for humidity sensor applications. These nanorod arrays were grown at different Sn concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 3 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the deposited TZO arrays exhibited a wurtzite structure. The stress/strain condition of the ZnO film metamorphosed from tensile strain/compressive stress to compressive strain/tensile stress when the Sn concentrations increased. Results indicated that 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO, which has the lowest tensile stress of 0.14 GPa, generated the highest conductivity of 1.31 S cm− 1. In addition, 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO possessed superior sensitivity to a humidity of 3.36. These results revealed that the optimum performance of a humidity-sensing device can be obtained mainly by controlling the amount of extrinsic element in a ZnO film

New Records of the Spider Fauna From Sarawak, Malaysia

SHORT COMMUNICATION New Records of the Spider Fauna from Sarawak, Malaysi

PC Tree: Prime-Based and Compressed Tree for Maximal Frequent Patterns Mining

Abstract Knowledge discovery or extracting knowledge from large amount of data is a desirable task in competitive businesses. Data mining is an essential step in knowledge discovery process. Frequent patterns play an important role in data mining tasks such as clustering, classification, and prediction and association analysis. However, the mining of all frequent patterns will lead to a massive number of patterns. A reasonable solution is identifying maximal frequent patterns which form the smallest representative set of patterns to generate all frequent patterns. This research proposes a new method for mining maximal frequent patterns. The method includes an efficient database encoding technique, a novel tree structure called PC Tree and PC Miner algorithm. Experiment results verify the compactness and performance