Comparative analysis of PID and neural network controllers for improving starting torque of wound rotor induction motor

Unlike 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor, starting-up of 3-phase wound rotor counter part can be improved by adding an external resistance to the rotor circuit.Thus, leads to reduce starting current and increase starting torque. In this paper two controllers for 3-phase wound rotor induction motor have been proposed include conventional proportional integral derivative (PID)  controller and the other based on artificial neural network (NARMA-L2). A comparison between these controllers has been conducted. It has been shown that starting torque of the motor has been improved, when utilizing the neural network controller compared to the conventional counter  part. It should be noted that MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to implement both controllers

Torsional Behavior of RC beams Strengthened by Near Surface Mounted-Steel Wire Rope Under Repeated Loading

In this paper, the torsional behavior of strengthened beams, which were subjected to constant and incremental repeated loads is studied. Repeated loads have a negative effect on the strength of beams as they reduce the beams resistance to external loads. External strengthening is usually used to increase the strength of beams for different applied loading. The near-surface mounted technique is a type of strengthening recently used to improve the strength of beams. The experimental program includes testing of twelve beams. All beams have the same dimensions and the same reinforcement. Nine of those beams are strengthened with different configurations of steel wire rope, and three beams are non-strengthened (reference beams). The results show that the decreasing of the spacing between wires (increasing the amount of steel wires) leads to an increase in the beam torsion strength and a decrease in the twist angle of beams. All strengthened beams show high resistance to the repeated load, especially constant repeated load, the increased torsional capacity has reached to 181.12% in beams under constant repeated load compared to the related beam subjected to monotonic load

Identification of two strains of Paenibacillus sp. as indole 3 acetic acid-producing rhizome-associated endophytic bacteria from Curcuma longa

Curcuma longa is well known for its use as spice and medicine. The remarkable feature of the plant is the presence of rhizome, which provides an interesting habitat for association by various groups of bacteria. Some of these associated endophytic bacteria can have growth-promoting effects. In the current study, two species of endophytic Paenibacillus has been identified from the rhizome as indole 3 acetic acid producers. These isolates can thus have potential growth-regulating effect in rhizomes

Incidence of tennis elbow and association of hand grip strength among college students

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an overuse injury involving the origin of common extensor tendon at elbow joint. Among the college students there is more complaint on wrist and elbow. Objective was to find out the incidence of tennis elbow & grip strength among the students during the entire academic year.Methods: Three hundred and seventy subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria with age respondents between seventeen to twenty four years. This study is done in those students who have local tenderness on palpation over the lateral epicondyle (grade 2). NPRS was used for measuring the pain intensity. Mill’s test and Cozen’s test was performed to confirm the tennis elbow. The subject is asked to squeeze the dynamometer three times with left and right hand respectively. There was one minute resting period between each squeeze were taken into account.Results: The incidence of confirmed tennis elbow was 4.05% & 2.70% in right and left respectively. Among those participants Mill’s test was positive in 16.2% on right and left side and Cozen’s test was positive in 8.1% on right side and 5.4% on left side. The mean rank of left and right grip strength for the students who are confirmed as tennis elbow were 52.75 Kg and 50.67 Kg and for not-confirmed were 36.56 Kg and 36.41 Kg respectively.Conclusions: The study concluded that 6.7% incidence rate of tennis elbow was observed in college students during the entire academic year. And also concluded there is no much significance correlation between grip strength and tennis elbow incidence rate

Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Proteins

Circular dichroism (CD) is an important spectroscopic technique that enables the characterization of protein secondary and tertiary structure. Proteins can undergo changes in their structure when they participate in processes, for example, ligand binding. CD, therefore, can be used to monitor secondary and tertiary structural changes when a protein (receptor) binds to a drug molecule (ligand).This review describes experimental studies of protein CD and theoretical and computational methods that compute spectra from structure or structure from spectra. CD is a technique that can be used to complement X-ray, NMR, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) experiments on biomolecules and proteins, all of which can be assisted by molecular modeling, which has the capability of computing CD from first principles. A combination of experimental CD and molecular modeling has the capacity to greatly enhance future multi-disciplinary research to expand our knowledge of the structure, function, and dynamics of proteins

Quantitative Electroencephalography in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

The goal of this study is to compare the brain connectivity patterns of autistic patients with those of children who are developing normally and analyzing quantitative electroencephalography in children with autism. The study included 50 children who were developing normally and 60 preschoolers who met the DSM-V criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Routine and quantitative electroencephalography were carried out on each subject, as well as a Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The electroencephalograms of 76.67% of autistic children were normal; 6.67% showed focal changes, and 16.67% showed generalized changes. While the alpha power in the central and temporal areas is significantly lower in autistic children, it is unchanged in the frontal and parieto-occipital regions. Children with autism have significantly higher absolute delta and theta band activity both globally and locally. It was shown that the total and regional absolute delta and theta power activity had a significant positive correlation with the disease severity score. Quantitative electroencephalography is a more effective tool for assessing and diagnosing children with autism spectrum disorder because it shows abnormalities in all autistic children. A correlation exists between the quantitative electroencephalography data and the disease severity score

Identification of Surface Glycoprotein Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 in Isolated Strains from Iraq

Background: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease is a societal, economic, and publichealth crisis that is still underway. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the primary ingredients for virulence, tissue tropism, and host areas. Aim: This study aimed to determine mutations in the S protein of the Iraqi COVID-19 isolates.Full genome sequences of Iraqi strains were obtained from GISAID. Using statistical saturation mutagenesis and other informatics methods, we investigated 20 sequences of SARS-CoV-2 S protein missense mutation isolates in Iraq selected from NCBI.The following mutations were detected for all the strains under study compared to the wild type: L452R, A522V, E583D and D614G. The number of mutations in the strains was different depending on the location of the state from which the sample was collected The D614G mutation was found in 19 strains. One strain had three mutations, while the other was a wild form strain. The structure of the mutant protein changes dramatically, as does the energy of the atoms concerning the docking position, affecting the protein's stability.The mutation sites would improve the S protein's stability. Molecular docking of RBD-ACE2 is affected differently by residues L452R and A522V

Structural and Electronic Properties of Theophylline- InP Diamantane Drug Carrier

Modeling   and simulation of nanostructure parameters of Theophylline bound with indium phosphide in diamantane structure have been performed with Gaussian 09 program. Density functional theory with hybrid B3LYP/3-21 basis sets was used to investigate the electronic and structural properties for Theophylline bound with InP diamantane nanocrystal as drug carrier. The optimized structures, total energies, energy gaps, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular  orbital (LUMO) energy, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, and electrophilicity index have been investigated. Molecule has the smallest energy gap and the largest value of electrophilicity index in which this indicates that this molecule is more reactive than the others and has large chance to interact with the surrounding species in comparison with the other original Theophylline drug structure. A measure of molecular electrophilicity depends on both the chemical potential and the chemical hardness. The study suggests that the electrophilicity equalization principle is most likely to be a valid theoretical proposition, similar in nature to the electronegativity and hardness equalization principle. Indium Phosphide diamantane nanocrystal and its uses in drug-delivery are also discussed

Supervised Learning Algorithms in Educational Data Mining: A Systematic Review

The academic institutions always looking for tools that improve their performance and enhance individuals outcomes. Due to the huge ability of data mining to explore hidden patterns and trends in the data, many researchers paid attention to Educational Data Mining (EDM) in the last decade. This field explores different types of data using different algorithms to extract knowledge that supports decision-making and academic sector development. The researchers in the field of EDM have proposed and adopted different algorithms in various directions. In this review, we have explored the published papers between 2010-2020 in the libraries (IEEE, ACM, Science Direct, and Springer) in the field of EDM are to answer review questions. We aimed to find the most used algorithm by researchers in the field of supervised machine learning in the period of 2010-2020. Additionally, we explored the most direction in the EDM and the interest of the researchers. During our research and analysis, many limitations have been examined and in addition to answering the review questions, some future works have been presented

DichroCalc: improvements in computing protein circular dichroism spectroscopy in the near-ultraviolet

A fully quantitative theory connecting protein conformation and optical spectroscopy would facilitate deeper insights into biophysical and simulation studies of protein dynamics and folding. The web-server DichroCalc (http://comp.chem.nottingham.ac.uk/dichrocalc) allows one to compute from first principles the electronic circular dichroism spectrum of a (modelled or experimental) protein structure or ensemble of structures. The regular, repeating, chiral nature of secondary structure elements leads to intense bands in the far-ultraviolet. The near-UV bands are much weaker and have been challenging to compute theoretically. We report some advances in the accuracy of calculations in the near-UV, realised through the consideration of the vibrational structure of the electronic transitions of aromatic side chains. The improvements have been assessed over a set of diverse proteins. We illustrate them using bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and present a new, detailed analysis of the interactions which are most important in determining the near-UV CD spectrum