278 research outputs found
First report of Rice stripe necrosis virus infecting rice in Sierra Leone
While Rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV, Benyvirus, Benyviridae) has been reported on rice plants on two continents, little is known about the diversity of this multipartite virus which is transmitted by the plasmodiophorid protist Polymyxa graminis. First identified in 1983 in the Côte d´Ivoire (Fauquet & Thouvenel, 1983), the disease had previously been observed in Sierra Leone without formal identification of the causal agent (Buddenhagen, pers. comm.). Later, the virus was reported in South and Central America (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Brazil) causing up to 40% yield losses (Morales et al., 1999). Recently, RSNV was identified for the first time in several African countries including Burkina Faso (Sérémé et al., 2014), Benin (Oludare et al., 2015) and Mali (Decroës et al., 2017) suggesting a re-emergence of the virus in Africa.In 2019, symptoms of leaf-crinkling and stripe necrosis were observed on a rice plant from the Bo District in Sierra Leone (Fig. 1). Leaf samples were analysed by serological and molecular methods to confirm the presence of RSNV in Sierra Leone. RSNV was detected by plate-trapped antibody (PTA)- ELISA using a polyclonal antiserum against RSNV (Fauquet & Thouvenel, 1983).The presence of the virus was confirmed after total RNA extraction using 0.05 g of leaves and the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) and RT-PCR amplification (10 U/μl M-MLV-reverse transcriptase, Promega; 10 U/μl Dynazyme, Finnzyme) as described previously (Sérémé et al., 2014, Oludare et al., 2015) with primers RSNV1-2901F 5′-TGAATTTGGTGCTCTCTTG-3′ / RSNV1-3827R 5′-TGTGGCGTTTCCAGACCTAAA-3´ and RSNV2-5´ 5´-TATCACTACTGACGAATTCCACCTAC-3´ / RSNV2-1223R 5´-AATCTGCGGCCTGTTTTGTA-3´. Specific amplicons, 926 and 1241 nt in length, were generated corresponding to sequences in the helicase domain and the coat protein (CP) genes on RSNV RNA 1 and RNA 2, respectively. The amplicons were sequenced directly and the sequences deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. MN750254 and MN750255, respectively).The helicase sequence obtained from the Sierra Leone RSNV isolate showed 1.8-7.3% genetic distance with those from South America (EU099844.3, MG792544, MG792545, MG792546) and only 1.4-2.2% with those from Africa (KP099623, MF115599, MF115600, MF115601, MF115602, MF115603, MK170452, MK170453). The phylogenetic analysis based on the helicase domain included the sequence obtained from the Sierra Leone within a cluster represented by RSNV from South America and West Africa (Fig. 2a). In contrast, the CP sequence from the Sierra Leone RSNV isolate revealed an unexpected genetic differentiation as compared to all the other sequences from South America (5.6%; NC_038774) or Africa (5.2-6.5%; LK023710, MF115604, MF115605, MF115606, MF115607, MF115608, MK170454, MK170455). Interestingly, the CP sequence from Sierra Leone is located at a basal position in the phylogeny (Fig. 2b).To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of RSNV in Sierra Leone. Further studies are needed to assess the molecular and biological diversity of RSNV, the spatial distribution and the incidence of this re-emerging rice disease in Africa.Fil: Tucker, M. J.. Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute; Sierra LeonaFil: Giovani Celli, Marcos Giovani. Instituto Nacional de TecnologÃa Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de FitopatologÃa y Modelización AgrÃcola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de FitopatologÃa y Modelización AgrÃcola; ArgentinaFil: Conteh, A. B.. Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute; Sierra LeonaFil: Taylor, D. R.. Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute; Sierra LeonaFil: Hebrard, Andrés. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; FranciaFil: Poulicard, N.. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; Franci
Antropofagia: uma viagem (anti)identitária?
Antropofagia: uma viagem (anti)identitária
Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Eksekutif Pemasaran pada Distributor Alat Tulis Kantor: Studi Kasus pada Benza Prima
Executive information system (EIS) has been widely used in enterprises and institutions to help the executives make decisions quickly and accurately for the organization's business needs. A research is conducted to create a marketing executive information system that can produce analytic reports and comparison reports for the executive of Benza Prima. For information search the fact finding techniques is utilized by conducting surveys directly to the company to study the company needs and the running procedures. The executive information system design uses Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology. The research results in an executive information system that produces report in forms of pivot tables and charts to help the Benza Prima executives make decisions. The marketing executive information system design is expected to provide analytic information that can be used by the Benza Prima executive as an analytic tool in planning marketing strategies
Banana peel and grape stalk: potential of valorization through the evaluation of chemical composition and physical-chemical properties
CHISA 2008 - 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering (CD-ROM of Full Texts)Bioconversion of food processing residues (agr
o-based industrial residues) in valuable
products has been receiving an increasing attention
in the last years. In fact, the main problem
experienced by agro-based industries in several c
ountries is the management of their residues.
As a consequence, many research centers and government departments are preparing
scientific strategies in order to develop biotechnological processes capable of transforming
these residues in new bio-products or as sources
of other chemicals. Most of these agro-industrial residues are lignocellulosic materials constituted basically of cellulose,
hemicelluloses, and lignin. In particular, banana production is one of the main economic
resources of several regions in many countries, an important crop in the tropical and sub-
tropical regions and one of the most consumed
fruits in the world. Grapes are other of the
world’s largest fruit crops, mainly grown for direct consumption, grape juice and wine-
making processes. These agricultural/industrial activities generate large amounts of residues
such as banana fruit peel and grape stalk.
Taking in consideration these facts, it is
fundamental to know their chemical composition
and physical-chemical properties, in order to
evaluate perspectives of applications and improvement of procedures towards an efficient
utilization of these residues. For this reason,
following hydrolysis, the residues obtained were
analyzed by HPLC, FTIR, TGA and DSC. Preliminary results indicate the attractiveness of
these materials for further applications due
to their chemical composition and physical-chemical properties: glucan and xylan contents of banana peel are 23.2 ± 0.2% and 18.9 ±
0.5%, respectively, while grape stalk contains 26.5 ± 1.5% and 16.8 ± 0.4%, respectively.
These results are in agreement with those obtained with some other agro-industrial residues.
These approaches offer several advantages, since the several fractions obtained from the
hydrolysis of these annually produced materials can be applied as raw-materials to reduce the
existence of environmentally hazardous situations
and/or to increase the supply of energy or
chemicals produced from renewable resourcesFCT(Portugal), FAPESP(Brazil) and CAPES/GRICES(Brazil/Portugal)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A new strategy for using banana as an ingredient in the brewing process
Beer is a traditionally fermented beverage made from malted grains of barley, hops, yeast,
and water, while banana is an important food crop cultivated widely in tropical and
subtropical areas and is one of the major fruits in Brazil. Besides, the banana is also very
favorable to food industry (e.g. fermented beverages) due to its rich content on soluble
solids, presence of minerals, and providing low acidity. In this context, the objective of this
work was to evaluate a new strategy for using banana as adjunct to increase the fermentable
sugars and to supply a specific aroma in pilot-plant brewing experiments. For this, static
fermentations were conducted in a 180 L cylindrical-conical reactor using 140 L as working
volume. Addition of banana was evaluated when changing the concentration of the wort from
10 to 12 ºP and from 10 to 13.5 ºP (ºP is the weight of the extract or the sugar equivalent in
100 g solution, at 20 ºC) and fermented under a constant temperature of 10 and 12.5 ºC,
respectively. The results showed that the increment in the initial sugar concentration (12 to
13.5 ºP, due to the use of banana juice as adjunct), and in the temperature (10 to 12.5 ºC),
increased approximately 17% the ethanol productivity. Thus, it was concluded that by using
of simple preparation techniques of banana juice, banana can be used as adjunct in brewing
processes, helping in the development of new products as well as in the elaboration of more
concentrated worts when compared the traditional brewing worts.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Malteria do ValeCorn Products BrasilWallerstein Industrial e ComercialDiverseyLever (Brazil)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)CAPES/GRICES (Brazil/Portugal
Análise da fermentação em bioreatores cilindrocônicos de bancada na elaboração de cerveja com adjunto de banana
O aumento do extrato inicial de fermentação e uso de adjuntos na substituição do malte
vem sendo uma alternativa para diminuição de custos na produção de cervejas. Uma outra
caracterÃstica deste processo tem sido a utilização de nutrientes para aumentar a
produtividade volumétrica em etanol. Pelo fato da banana ser uma fruta abundante no Brasil
e ser pouco qualificada para a exportação, pode-se utilizá-la como alternativa de adjunto do
malte. Neste estudo foi elaborada cerveja utilizando a banana como adjunto do malte e
estudado os parâmetros fermentativos principais obtidos no ponto otimizado em bioreatores
cilindrocônicos de bancada. Para isso os mostos foram fermentados à 17,5 °P e 15 °C
suplementados no inÃcio da fermentação com 420 mg/L de MgSO4. A produtividade
volumétrica (Qp) alcançada foi de 0,68 g/L.h no tempo de 64 h de fermentação. Essa
suplementação gerou um benefÃcio, devido ao aumento de 6 % do valor de Qp
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