Effect of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mychorrizal on weed density and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in autumn season

This study was conducted on trial field of Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 2007 growing season. The experiment established on a loamy- clay soil with the seedlings of Yedikulelettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) infected by Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorrizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices. The goal was to increase the yield and quality in lettuce production. The VAM infected and disenfected lettuce seedlings propagated in greenhouse conditions were planted by the split-plot designs-random model. The study was conducted as the main plot applied solarization and nonsolarization and subplot with VAM and without VAM which resulted in four repetitions. The solarized field had an increased soil temperature: the increase in the temperature was 11°C in 5 cm depth, 8°C in 20 cm and 5°C in 30 cm. This situation continued to the end of the growth season and also inhibited the germination of weed plants. In the solarized area, the plant height, plant crown-width and yield showed significant increase during the vegetative season of 45 days long. The data was significant for three growth factors. In solarized area, the average weight of lettuce was obtained to be 138.85 g but in control parcel the average weight was 30.85 g. The increases in VAM parcel for three growth factors were significant. But the interaction between solarization and VAM was found non significant. To determine VAM before testing in laboratory, VAM dutied like a bridge from donor lettuce to receiver wildmustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.) as observed in the experiment because mustrad has no symbiosis life with this fungus. Also the laboratory findings supported this; the number of spores, number of VAM infected and infection rate were higher both in main parcel of solarized and in the subplot parcel planted with VAM seedlings than the nonsolarized parcel and non VAM seedlings. The results for both criteria were significant in solarization and VAM application. But the interaction with VAM andsolarization was insignificant. As a result, one can note that the VAM inoculation after solarization application is beneficial for growing lettuce especially in the fall of season

Attention-Aware Disparity Control in interactive environments

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Our paper introduces a novel approach for controlling stereo camera parameters in interactive 3D environments in a way that specifically addresses the interplay of binocular depth perception and saliency of scene contents. Our proposed Dynamic Attention-Aware Disparity Control (DADC) method produces depth-rich stereo rendering that improves viewer comfort through joint optimization of stereo parameters. While constructing the optimization model, we consider the importance of scene elements, as well as their distance to the camera and the locus of attention on the display. Our method also optimizes the depth effect of a given scene by considering the individual user’s stereoscopic disparity range and comfortable viewing experience by controlling accommodation/convergence conflict. We validate our method in a formal user study that also reveals the advantages, such as superior quality and practical relevance, of considering our method.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Enhanced memory effect with embedded graphene nanoplatelets in znO charge trapping layer

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A charge trapping memory with graphene nanoplatelets embedded in atomic layer deposited ZnO (GNIZ) is demonstrated. The memory shows a large threshold voltage Vt shift (4 V) at low operating voltage (6/-6 V), good retention (>10 yr), and good endurance characteristic (>104 cycles). This memory performance is compared to control devices with graphene nanoplatelets (or ZnO) and a thicker tunnel oxide. These structures showed a reduced Vt shift and retention characteristic. The GNIZ structure allows for scaling down the tunnel oxide thickness along with improving the memory window and retention of data. The larger Vt shift indicates that the ZnO adds available trap states and enhances the emission and retention of charges. The charge emission mechanism in the memory structures with graphene nanoplatelets at an electric field E ¥ 5.57 MV/cm is found to be based on Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The fabrication of this memory device is compatible with current semiconductor processing, therefore, has great potential in low-cost nano-memory applications. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC

Thin-film ZnO charge-trapping memory cell grown in a single ALD step

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A thin-film ZnO-based single-transistor memory cell with a gate stack deposited in a single atomic layer deposition step is demonstrated. Thin-film ZnO is used as channel material and charge-trapping layer for the first time. The extracted mobility and subthreshold slope of the thin-film device are 23 cm2/V · s and 720 mV/dec, respectively. The memory effect is verified by a 2.35-V hysteresis in the Idrain–Vgate curve. Physics-based TCAD simulations show very good agreement with the experimental results providing insight to the charge-trapping physics

A Novel Miniaturized Polarization Independent Frequency Selective Surface with UWB Response

This study presents a novel Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) design with angularly stable and polarization independent band-stop response. The presented FSS comprises of miniaturized unit cells printed on two layers of dielectric substrate. The -3dB bandwidth of proposed FSS is between 2.98 GHz and 10.86 GHz frequencies. The unit cell dimension is 0.064λ×0.064λ with the thickness of 0.02λ, where λ is the wavelength of the lower operational frequency. The proposed FSS has angular stability up to 60 deg for TE polarization. The designed FSS is simulated and analyzed by using the commercial software, CST Microwave Studio. The simulation results are verified by measurements carried on a fabricated prototype and a good agreement is achieved

Perceptual caricaturization of 3D models

Caricature is an illustration of a person or a subject that uses a way of exaggerating the most distinguishable characteristic traits and simplifying the common features in order to magnify the unique features of the subject. Recently, automatic caricature generation has become a research area due to the advantageous features of amusement in the fields such as network, communications, online games, and the animation industry. The aim of this study is to present a perceptual caricaturization approach practicing the concept of exaggeration, which is very common in traditional art and caricature, on 3D mesh models synthesizing the idea of mesh saliency. © 2013 Springer-Verlag London

Enhanced memory effect via quantum confinement in 16 nm InN nanoparticles embedded in ZnO charge trapping layer

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this work, the fabrication of charge trapping memory cells with laser-synthesized indium-nitride nanoparticles (InN-NPs) embedded in ZnO charge trapping layer is demonstrated. Atomic layer deposited Al2O3 layers are used as tunnel and blocking oxides. The gate contacts are sputtered using a shadow mask which eliminates the need for any lithography steps. High frequency C-Vgate measurements show that a memory effect is observed, due to the charging of the InN-NPs. With a low operating voltage of 4 V, the memory shows a noticeable threshold voltage (Vt) shift of 2 V, which indicates that InN-NPs act as charge trapping centers. Without InN-NPs, the observed memory hysteresis is negligible. At higher programming voltages of 10 V, a memory window of 5 V is achieved and the Vt shift direction indicates that electrons tunnel from channel to charge storage layer. © 2014 AIP Publishing LL

Oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes exposed to clomazone (in vitro)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clomazone herbicide on oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocytes in in vitro conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in human erythrocytes exposed (in vitro) to clomazone at varying concentrations in the range of 0, 100, 250 and 500 µg/L for 1 h at 37 °C.TBARS levels were significantly higher in erythrocytes incubated with clomazone at 100, 250 and 500 µg/L. However, erythrocyte CAT and AChE activities were decreased at all concentrations tested. SOD activity was increased only at 100 µg/L of clomazone. GSH levels did not change with clomazone exposure. These results clearly showed clomazone to induce oxidative stress and AChE inhibition in human erythrocytes (in vitro). We, thus, suggest a possible role of ROS on toxicity mechanism induced by clomazone in humans

Tissue Ischemia During Aortic Repair: The Point of View of the Perfusionist

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Loss of C2orf69 defines a fatal autoinflammatory syndrome in humans and zebrafish that evokes a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy

Summary Human C2orf69 is an evolutionarily conserved gene whose function is unknown. Here, we report eight unrelated families from which 20 children presented with a fatal syndrome consisting of severe autoinflammation and progredient leukoencephalopathy with recurrent seizures; 12 of these subjects, whose DNA was available, segregated homozygous loss-of-function C2orf69 variants. C2ORF69 bears homology to esterase enzymes, and orthologs can be found in most eukaryotic genomes, including that of unicellular phytoplankton. We found that endogenous C2ORF69 (1) is loosely bound to mitochondria, (2) affects mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative respiration in cultured neurons, and (3) controls the levels of the glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) consistent with a glycogen-storage-associated mitochondriopathy. We show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated inactivation of zebrafish C2orf69 results in lethality by 8 months of age due to spontaneous epileptic seizures, which is preceded by persistent brain inflammation. Collectively, our results delineate an autoinflammatory Mendelian disorder of C2orf69 deficiency that disrupts the development/homeostasis of the immune and central nervous systems