Concentración de metanol en nafta reformulada con metanol como antidetonante

Los primeros antidetonantes utilizados en las naftas fueron el MMT y el plomo tetra etilo. Sin embargo, la emisión de plomo a la atmosfera genera serios problemas a la salud pública. Para la eventual eliminación de Plomo incremento el uso de otros componentes producidos en las refinerías por este proceso, tales como BTX. En la actualidad por estudios ambientales se comienza a utilizar alcoholes. En el presente trabajo se estudia el Metanol como antidetonante de una nafta reformulada. Por ello, se estudia el ELL del sistema ternario Metanol + Tolueno + Hexano. Los datos experimentales de líneas de unión del sistema ternario se obtuvieron a 278.15, 283.15, 288.15 y 293.15 K. Se graficaron los datos experimentales obteniéndose las curvas binodales para las distintas temperaturas. Los resultados experimentales muestran que la solubilidad aumenta conforme aumenta la temperatura.The first anti-detonating used in naphtha were MMT and tetra ethyl lead. Nevertheless, the emission of lead to the atmosphere generates serious problems to the public health. For the eventual elimination of Lead increased the use of other components produced in the refineries by this process, such as BTX. At the present time by environmental studies is begun to use alcohols. In the present work the methanol is studied like anti-detonating additive of reformulated naphtha. Therefore, the ELL of the ternary system Methanol + Toluene + Hexane is studied. The experimental data of ternary system tie lines were obtained at 278.15, 283.15, 288.15 and 293.15 K. The experimental data were plotted, obtaining the binodal curves for the different temperatures. The experimental results show that the solubility increases as the temperature increases.Fil: Veliz, Jonatán H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFil: Cases, Alicia M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFil: Gramajo, Monica B.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Simulation Approach for Timing Analysis of Genetic Logic Circuits

Constructing genetic logic circuits is an application of synthetic biology in which parts of the DNA of a living cell are engineered to perform a dedicated Boolean function triggered by an appropriate concentration of certain proteins or by different genetic components. These logic circuits work in a manner similar to electronic logic circuits, but they are much more stochastic and hence much harder to characterize. In this article, we introduce an approach to analyze the threshold value and timing of genetic logic circuits. We show how this approach can be used to analyze the timing behavior of single and cascaded genetic logic circuits. We further analyze the timing sensitivity of circuits by varying the degradation rates and concentrations. Our approach can be used not only to characterize the timing behavior but also to analyze the timing constraints of cascaded genetic logic circuits, a capability that we believe will be important for design automation in synthetic biology

The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants

[EN] Concerns about the health of the planet have grown dramatically, and the dyeing sector of the textile industry is one of the most polluting of all industries. Nanoclays can clean dyeing wastewater using their adsorption capacities. In this study, as a new finding, it was possible to analyze and quantify the amount of metal ions substituted by anionic dyes when adsorbed, and to determine the optimal amount of nanoclay to be used to adsorb all the dye. The tests demonstrated the specific amount of nanoclay that must be used and how to optimize the subsequent processes of separation and processing of the nanoclay. Hydrotalcite was used as the adsorbent material. Direct dyes were used in this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed the shape recovery of the hydrotalcite to be checked and confirmed the adsorption of the dyes. An FTIR analysis was used to check the presence of characteristic groups of the dyes in the resulting hybrids. The thermogravimetric (TGA) tests corroborated the dye adsorption and the thermal fastness improvement. Total solar reflectance (TSR) showed increased radiation protection for UV-VIS-NIR. Through the work carried out, it has been possible to establish the maximum adsorption point of hydrotalcite.To the Vice-rectorate for research of the UPV for funding for open access charge: CRUEUniversitat Politecnica de Valencia.López-Rodríguez, D.; Micó-Vicent, B.; Bonet-Aracil, M.; Cases, F.; Bou-Belda, E. (2022). The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23(17):1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179671124231

Using Rules to Adapt Applications for Business Models with High Evolutionary Rates

Nowadays, business models are in permanent evolution since the requirements belongs to a rapidly evolving world. In a context where communications all around the world travel so fast the business models need to be adapted permanently to the information the managers receive. In such world, traditional software development, needed for adapting software to changes, do not work properly since business changes need to be in exploitation in shorter times. In that situation, it is needed to go quicker from the business idea to the exploitation environment. This issue can be solved accelerating the development speed: from the expert to the customer, with no –or few, technical intervention. This paper proposes an approach to empower domain experts in developing adaptability solutions by using automated sets of production rules in a friendly way. Furthermore, a use case that implements this kind of development was used in a real problem prototype

Optimización de las inversiones en el limonero en función de la edad de las plantaciones

Cuando se da una repetición indefinida en determinados cultivos perennes, como es el caso de plantaciones frutales en zonas muy especializadas orientadas al monocultivo, pueden aparecer situaciones claras de obsolescencia técnica, que conducen a la conveniencia de una reestructuración. Esta problemática se ha analizado en plantaciones de limonero, para las variedades Fino y Verna, localizadas en las provincias de Alicante y Murcia. Para optimizar la inversión necesaria, y comprobar las situaciones de envejecimiento técnico, se ha utilizado el criterio de la tasa interna de rendimiento (T.I.R.), aplicado según diferentes precios y años de vida de las plantaciones. Con los precios actuales la rentabilidad es baja en la mayor parte de las plantaciones excepto en el Fino/C. Macrophilla. El caso más desfavorable afecta a la variedad Verna que precisa medidas de atención especiales

Control de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi mediante solarización combinada con fumigantes a bajas dosis

La enfermedad más importante de nuestras cultivos de clavel sigue siendo la fusariosis vascular producida por Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. La forma de lucha se ha centrado en la desinfección del suelo, principalmente con dosis altas de bromuro de metilo, y el uso de variedades tolerantes o resistentes a la enfermedad. La solarización del suelo, técnica de desinfección que apareció en 1976, no parece ser suficientemente drástica por eliminar completamente el inóculo del suelo. No obstante la adición de cantidades pequeñas de fumigantes (metam sodio o bromuro de metilo) mejora ostensiblemente su eficacia En este trabajo se comparan la fumigación del suelo tradicionalmente recomendada con bromuro de metilo ( 70 g / m2) y la solarización bajo invernadero de sóla o con la adición de bromuro de metilo plástico cerrado, ( 14 g / m2, 28 g / m2) o de metam sodio ( 35 g / m2, 70 g / m2), en un suelo artificialmente infestado con E. qa dianthi. Los resultados de dos cosechas de clavel var. Lena a lo largo de dos años, muestran el interés de la solarización del suelo para el control de esta enfermedad. Mejora significativamente el estado sanitario de las plantas y la producción de flores. La solarizacion con la adición de dosis pequeñas de fumigantes permite una cosecha normal hasta el segundo año de cultivo

How Many Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Meet the Inclusion Criteria of the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials with SGLT2 Inhibitors? Estimations from a Population Database in a Mediterranean Area

Altres ajuts: This study was funded by the Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol). CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM) is an initiative from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.Objective. Regulatory agencies require the assessment of cardiovascular (CV) safety for new type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapies through CV outcome trials (CVOTs). However, patients included in CVOTs assessing sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) might not be representative of those seen in clinical practice. This study examined the proportion of patients that would have been enrolled into three main SGLT2i CVOTs to determine whether these trials' eligibility criteria can be applied to a real-world Mediterranean T2D population. Methods. Cross-sectional, retrospective, cohort study of T2D patients registered in primary care centres of the Catalan Institute of Health using medical records from a population database (SIDIAP) that includes approximately 74% of the population in Catalonia (Spain). Eligibility criteria were according to those of three SGLT2i CVOTs: EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin), CANVAS (canagliflozin), and DECLARE-TIMI 58 (dapagliflozin). Results. By the end of 2016, the database included 373,185 patients with T2D with a mean age of 70±12 years, 54.9% male, with a mean duration of T2D of 9±6 years, and a mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.12%±1.32 (59% with HbA1c<7%). Of these, 86,534 (23%) had established CV disease and 28% chronic renal failure (estimated glomerular filtration<60 ml/min/1.73m2). Among all included patients, only 8.2% would have qualified for enrolment into the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, 29.6% into the CANVAS program, and 38% into the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial. The main limiting factors for inclusion would have been a previous history of CV disease and the baseline HbA1c value. Conclusion. The external validity of the analysed CVOTs is clearly limited when applying the same eligibility criteria to a T2D Mediterranean population

Antiferromagnetic single-chain magnet slow relaxation in the {Tb(α-fur)3}n polymer with non-Kramers ions

We report the synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a new molecular complex based on a Tb(iii) ion supported by 2-furancarboxylic molecules: {Tb(α-fur)(HO)} (α-fur = CHOCOO). Two slightly different Tb sites (A and B) exist depending on the position of one of the dangling ligands. Ab initio calculations predict that, for both sites, the magnetic ground state is highly anisotropic (g∗ = 17.8) and consists of a quasi-doublet with a small gap, well isolated from the next excited state. The α-fur ligand forms 1D polymeric chains of Tb ions of the same type (either A or B) running along the c-axis. The crystal structure is formed by the supramolecular stacking along the a-axis of 2D layers containing parallel chains of the same type. Static magnetization and heat capacity measurements show that, magnetically, the system can be modeled as an ensemble of Ising chains of non-Kramers Tb ions with effective spin S∗ = 1/2, antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled by a weak intrachain interaction (J∗/k = -0.135 K). At very low temperatures, the static susceptibility reflects the presence of a 2-4% concentration of defects in the chains. Ac susceptibility measurements at H = 0 performed down to mK temperatures have enabled us to observe the slow relaxation of magnetization through two different pathways. They are assigned to Single-Chain-Magnet (SCM) behavior in two different types of AF chains (A and B), triggered by the existence of defects breaking the chains into segments with short-range order. At temperatures below 0.1 K this mechanism is replaced by individual relaxation of the ions through direct processes. Under the application of a magnetic field the system slowly relaxes by two distinct direct processes, strongly affected by a phonon bottleneck effect.This work has been financed by MECOM Projects MAT11/23791 and MAT11/27233-C02-02, MAT2015-68204-R, MAT2014-53921-R, DGA IMANA E34 and MOLCHIP E98 Projects. Consolider Nanoselect (CSD2007-00041) and by a grant of the Ministry of National Education, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-ID-PCE-2012-4-0261. D. P. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation for financial support.Peer Reviewe

Voltage Regulator Module Noise Analysis for High-Volume Server Applications

This paper presents a methodology to analyze voltage regulator module (VRM) noise coupling problems in high-volume server applications. The technique is applied on a real engineering design. The comprehensive model includes irregular power shapes, decoupling capacitors, and dielectric and conductive loss. Irregular shaped power plane modeling is cross-checked with four separate methods to demonstrate accuracy

Structural Insights into Triglyceride Storage Mediated by Fat Storage-Inducing Transmembrane (FIT) Protein 2

Fat storage-Inducing Transmembrane proteins 1 & 2 (FIT1/FITM1 and FIT2/FITM2) belong to a unique family of evolutionarily conserved proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum that are involved in triglyceride lipid droplet formation. FIT proteins have been shown to mediate the partitioning of cellular triglyceride into lipid droplets, but not triglyceride biosynthesis. FIT proteins do not share primary sequence homology with known proteins and no structural information is available to inform on the mechanism by which FIT proteins function. Here, we present the experimentally-solved topological models for FIT1 and FIT2 using N-glycosylation site mapping and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. These methods indicate that both proteins have six-transmembrane-domains with both N- and C-termini localized to the cytosol. Utilizing this model for structure-function analysis, we identified and characterized a gain-of-function mutant of FIT2 (FLL(157-9)AAA) in transmembrane domain 4 that markedly augmented the total number and mean size of lipid droplets. Using limited-trypsin proteolysis we determined that the FLL(157-9)AAA mutant has enhanced trypsin cleavage at K86 relative to wild-type FIT2, indicating a conformational change. Taken together, these studies indicate that FIT2 is a 6 transmembrane domain-containing protein whose conformation likely regulates its activity in mediating lipid droplet formation