What lies beneath: exploring links between asylum policy and hate crime in the UK

This paper explores the link between increasing incidents of hate crime and the asylum policy of successive British governments with its central emphasis on deterrence. The constant problematisation of asylum seekers in the media and political discourse ensures that 'anti-immigrant' prejudice becomes mainstr earned as a common-sense response. The victims are not only the asylum seekers hoping for a better life but democratic society itself with its inherent values of pluralism and tolerance debased and destabilised

Dynamic Interpretation of Hedgehog Signaling in the Drosophila Wing Disc

Morphogens are classically defined as molecules that control patterning by acting at a distance to regulate gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, secreted Hedgehog (Hh) forms an extracellular gradient that organizes patterning along the anterior–posterior axis and specifies at least three different domains of gene expression. Although the prevailing view is that Hh functions in the Drosophila wing disc as a classical morphogen, a direct correspondence between the borders of these patterns and Hh concentration thresholds has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide evidence that the interpretation of Hh signaling depends on the history of exposure to Hh and propose that a single concentration threshold is sufficient to support multiple outputs. Using mathematical modeling, we predict that at steady state, only two domains can be defined in response to Hh, suggesting that the boundaries of two or more gene expression patterns cannot be specified by a static Hh gradient. Computer simulations suggest that a spatial “overshoot” of the Hh gradient occurs, i.e., a transient state in which the Hh profile is expanded compared to the Hh steady-state gradient. Through a temporal examination of Hh target gene expression, we observe that the patterns initially expand anteriorly and then refine, providing in vivo evidence for the overshoot. The Hh gene network architecture suggests this overshoot results from the Hh-dependent up-regulation of the receptor, Patched (Ptc). In fact, when the network structure was altered such that the ptc gene is no longer up-regulated in response to Hh-signaling activation, we found that the patterns of gene expression, which have distinct borders in wild-type discs, now overlap. Our results support a model in which Hh gradient dynamics, resulting from Ptc up-regulation, play an instructional role in the establishment of patterns of gene expression

Anisotropy in mechanical properties and fracture behavior of an oxide dispersion Fe20Cr5Al alloy

Anisotropy of fracture toughness and fracture behavior of Fe20Cr5Al oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy has been investigated by means of compression tests, hardness tests, and wedge splitting test. The results show a small effect of the compression direction on yield strength (YS) and strain hardening. The YS is minimum for longitudinal direction and maximum for the tangential direction. The transverse plastic strain ratio is similar for tangential and longitudinal directions but very different from that in normal direction. Hardness depends on the indentation plane; it is lower for any plane parallel to the L-T plane and of similar magnitude for the other orthogonal planes, i.e., the L-S and T-S planes. Macroscopically, two failure modes have been observed after wedge-splitting tests, those of LS and TS specimens in which fracture deviates along one or two branches normal to the notch plane, and those of LT, TL, SL, and ST specimens in which fracture propagates along the notch plane. Besides LT and TL specimens present delaminations parallel to L-T plane. Both, the fracture surface of branching cracks and that of the delaminations, show an intergranular brittle fracture appearance. It is proposed that the main cause of the delamination and crack branching is the alignment in the mesoscopic scale of the ultrafine grains structure which is enhanced by the 〈110〉- texture of the material and by the presence in the grain boundaries of both yttria dispersoids and impurity contaminations. An elastoplastic finite element analysis was performed to study what stress state is the cause of the branches and delaminations. It is concluded that the normal to the crack branches and/or the shear stress components could determine the crack bifurcation mechanism, whereas the delamination it seems that it is controlled by the magnitude of the stress component normal to the delamination plane. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2014.Peer Reviewe

Petrogenesis of archaean grey gneisses from the amphibolite-granulite transition zone of southern Karnataka, India

This article does not have an abstract

Euclid preparation: XLIV. Modelling spectroscopic clustering on mildly nonlinear scales in beyond-ΛCDM models

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMContext. The Euclid space satellite mission will measure the large-scale clustering of galaxies at an unprecedented precision, providing a unique probe of modifications to the ?CDM model. Aims. We investigated the approximations needed to efficiently predict the large-scale clustering of matter and dark matter halos in the context of modified gravity and exotic dark energy scenarios. We examined the normal branch of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model, the Hu-Sawicki f(R) model, a slowly evolving dark energy model, an interacting dark energy model, and massive neutrinos. For each, we tested approximations for the perturbative kernel calculations, including the omission of screening terms and the use of perturbative kernels based on the Einstein-de Sitter universe; we explored different infrared-resummation schemes, tracer bias models and a linear treatment of massive neutrinos; we investigated various approaches for dealing with redshift-space distortions and modelling the mildly nonlinear scales, namely the Taruya-Nishimishi-Saito prescription and the effective field theory of large-scale structure. This work provides a first validation of the various codes being considered by Euclid for the spectroscopic clustering probe in beyond-?CDM scenarios. Methods. We calculated and compared the χ2 statistic to assess the different modelling choices. This was done by fitting the spectroscopic clustering predictions to measurements from numerical simulations and perturbation theory-based mock data. We compared the behaviour of this statistic in the beyond-?CDM cases, as a function of the maximum scale included in the fit, to the baseline ?CDM case. Results. We find that the Einstein-de Sitter approximation without screening is surprisingly accurate for the modified gravity cases when comparing to the halo clustering monopole and quadrupole obtained from simulations and mock data. Further, we find the same goodness-of-fit for both cases - the one including and the one omitting non-standard physics in the predictions. Our results suggest that the inclusion of multiple redshift bins, higher-order multipoles, higher-order clustering statistics (such as the bispectrum), and photometric probes such as weak lensing, will be essential to extract information on massive neutrinos, modified gravity and dark energy. Additionally, we show that the three codes used in our analysis, namely, PBJ, Pybird and MG-Copter, exhibit sub-percent agreement for k ≤ 0.5 h Mpc-1 across all the models. This consistency underscores their value as reliable toolsThe Euclid Consortium acknowledges the European Space Agency and a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid, in particular the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Austrian Forschungsf\u00F6rderungsgesellschaft funded through BMK, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Deutsches Zentrum f\u00FCr Luft-und Raumfahrt, the DTU Space and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, the French Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales, the Funda\u00E7\u00E3o para a Ci\u00EAncia e a Tecnologia, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00F3n y Universidades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norwegian Space Agency, the Research Council of Finland, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. A complete and detailed list is available on the Euclid web site ( http://www.euclid-ec.org ). BB was supported by a UK Research and Innovation Stephen Hawking Fellowship (EP/W005654/2). AP is a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellow [grant MR/S016066/2]. CM and PC\u2019s research for this project was supported by a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellowship [grant MR/S016066/2]. CM\u2019s work is supported by the Fondazione ICSC, Spoke 3 Astrophysics and Cosmos Observations, National Recovery and Resilience Plan (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza, PNRR) Project ID CN_00000013 \u201CItalian Research Center on High-Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing\u201D funded by MUR Missione 4 Componente 2 Investimento 1.4: Potenziamento strutture di ricerca e creazione di \u201Ccampioni nazionali di R&S (M4C2-19 )\u201D \u2013 Next Generation EU (NGEU). MP acknowledges support by the MIUR \u2018Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale\u2019 (PRIN) Bando 2022 \u2013 grant 20228RMX4A. FV acknowledges partial support by the ANR Project COLSS (ANR-21-CE31-0029). NF is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) through the Rita Levi Montalcini project \u201CTests of gravity on cosmic scales\u201D with reference PGR19ILFGP and she also acknowledges the FCT project with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. CC acknowledges a generous CPU and storage allocation by the Italian Super-Computing Resource Allocation (ISCRA) as well as from the coordination of the \u201CAccordo Quadro MoU per lo svolgimento di attivit\u00E1 congiunta di ricerca Nuove frontiere in Astrofisica: HPC e Data Exploration di nuova generazione\u201D, together with storage from INFN-CNAF and INAF-IA2. FP acknowledges partial support from the INFN grant InDark, the Departments of Excellence grant L.232/2016 of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MUR) and from the European Union \u2013 Next Generation EU. FP also acknowledges the FCT project with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. We acknowledge the hospitality of the Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU) of Trieste for the group meeting held there in December 2022. For the purpose of open access, the author(s) has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising