Społeczna interpretacja wybranych wczesnośredniowiecznych cmentarzysk rzędowych w perspektywie gender studies i lifecycle analysis

The study consists of two parts. The first part comprises analysis and social interpretation of archaeological and anthropological burial data from selected early medieval row cemeteries located in the catchment area of the Odra and Vistula rivers. The second part has a form of appendix of sample burials used for analysis and interpretation carried out in the project (altogether 2286 burials from 29 cemeteries). The conducted analysis aimed at recognizing the past social system in terms of constructing and expressing gender relations and their position within the lifecycle in the early Medieval society from the period between the 10th and 13th century AD in Poland. This attempt is based on the premise that death and associated funerary rites are most of all social events. Therefore, the funeral rites, along with associated material remains, may to some extent reflect social phenomena. The dissertation starts with an overview of the early Medieval burial customs and their changes over time, focusing primarily on the inhumation burial rite and row cemeteries. It is followed by presenting basic categories of gender and lifecycle studies. This section comprises also a possibility of applying both concepts for interpretation of archaeological and anthropological data from cemeteries. The next section involves analysis of available empirical materials from the Medieval row cemeteries and is aimed to identify and define the rules for treatment the dead according to sex and age. The following elements of burial rites have been taken into consideration: a placement of the burial in cemetery, grave construction, grave goods, etc. A special interest has been focused upon burial rules practiced at row cemeteries in reference to atypical burials

Datowanie radiowęglowe grobów komorowych z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Sowinkach (stan. 23a) w Wielkopolsce

This paper presents and discusses the results of 14C dating of two chamber graves (no. 148 and 151) from the early medieval cemetery at Sowinki, site 23A (Wielkopolska)

The Choice of Decision Variables in the Optimization Process Semi-Open Impeller Centrifugal Pump for Circulatory Support.

W pracy przedstawiono wybór zmiennych decyzyjnych w procesie optymalizacji półotwartego wirnika pompy wirowej do wspomagania układu krążenia. Podano przegląd stosowanych w obliczeniach funkcji celu, parametryzację geometrii wirnika oraz analizę wrażliwości zmiennych decyzyjnych.The paper presents a selection of decision variables in the optimization of the semi-open impeller of the centrifugal pump for circulatory support. Gives an overview of the calculations used in the objective function and impeller geometry parameter sensitivity analysis of decision variables

Freshwater input to the Arctic fjord Hornsund (Svalbard)

Glaciers draining to the Hornsund basin (southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard) have experienced a significant retreat and mass volume loss over the last decades, increasing the input of freshwater into the fjord. An increase in freshwater input can influence fjord hydrology, hydrodynamics, sediment flux and biota, especially in a changing climate. Here, we describe the sources of freshwater supply to the fjord based on glaciological and meteorological data from the period 2006 to 2015. The average freshwater input from land to the Hornsund bay is calculated as 2517 ± 82 Mt a−1, with main contributions from glacier meltwater runoff (986 Mt a−1; 39%) and frontal ablation of tidewater glaciers (634 Mt a−1; 25%). Tidewater glaciers in Hornsund lose ca. 40% of their mass by frontal ablation. The terminus retreat component accounts for ca. 30% of the mass loss by frontal ablation, but it can vary between 17% and 44% depending on oceanological, meteorological and geomorphological factors. The contribution of the total precipitation over land excluding winter snowfall (520 Mt a−1), total precipitation over the fjord area (180 Mt a−1) and melting of the snow cover over unglaciated areas (197 Mt a−1) to the total freshwater input appear to be small: 21%, 7% and 8%, respectively

Hemiptera (Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera) of the „Góry Opawskie” Landscape Park (south-western Poland)

Es werden die Ergebnisse von faunistischen Untersuchungen der beiden Hemipteren-Gruppen der Wanzen (Heteroptera) und Zikaden (Auchenorrhyncha) präsentiert, die während des 23. Auchenorrhyncha-Tagung 2016 und an weiteren Terminen der Vegetationsperioden 2016 und 2017 an 22 Standorten im Landschaftspark “Góry Opawskie” (Zuckmanteler Bergland, Südwest Polen) durchgeführt wurden. Dabei wurden insgesamt 143 Hemipteren-Arten nachgewiesen, davon 116 Zikadenarten (17 Arten der Fulgoromorpha, 99 Arten der Cicadomorpha) und 27 Wanzenarten. 3 Fulgoromorpha-Arten und 54 Cicadomorpha-Arten sind Neunachweise für die Region der Östlichen Sudeten.Summary: The collecting results of hemipteran insects (Auchenorrhyncha, Heteroptera) are presented which was carried out during the 23th Central European Auchenorrhyncha meeting in 2016 and on further surveys during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 at 22 collecting sites within the area of the “Góry Opawskie” Landscape Park. The list contains altogether 143 species of Hemiptera including 116 species of Auchenorrhyncha (17 of planthoppers, 99 of leafhoppers), and 27 species of true bugs. Three species of planthoppers and 54 species of leafhoppers were recorded as knew for the region of Eastern Sudetes

Actinobacteria Structure in Autogenic, Hydrogenic and Lithogenic Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Soils: A Culture-Independent Approach

The aim of the study was to determine the Actinobacteria structure in cultivated (C) versus non-cultivated (NC) soils divided into three groups (autogenic, hydrogenic, lithogenic) with consideration its formation process in order to assess the Actinobacteria sensitivity to agricultural soil use and soil genesis and to identify factors affecting their abundance. Sixteen C soil samples and sixteen NC samples serving as controls were taken for the study. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA metagenomic amplicons (Ion Torrent™ technology) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were applied for precise determination of biodiversity. Generally, greater abundance of Actinobacteria in the NC soils relative to the C soils was found. Moreover, it was indicated that the actinobacterial diversity depended on both the soil genesis and the land use; however, this effect directly depended on the particular family and genera. Two factors: redox potential (Eh) and total carbon (TC) seemed to had a significant effect on the diversity of Actinobacteria. More precisely, Actinobacteria from the NC soils displayed a greater affinity for each other and were clearly influenced by Eh, whilst those from the C soils were mostly influenced by T

Population genomics of the Viking world.

The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent

Badanie i interpretacja cmentarzysk w ujęciu różnych paradygmatów archeologicznych

This article reviews and discusses different schools of archaeological thought and their approaches to the study of burials and cemeteries. The paper begins with discussion of traditional archaeology with its emphasis on investigating ethnic issues and looking for markers of ethnic affiliation and indicators of the wealth/social status of the deceased. Then, the contribution to the study of cemeteries made by processual archaeology with its interest in generalizations and relationships between material remains of mortuary practices and their social correlates is examined. Finally, the impact of post-processual archaeology with its focus on studying the symbolic meaning of mortuary evidence and the attention paid to the role played in funerary rituals by ideology is presented. It is stressed that the way archaeologists study cemeteries and the type of research questions they ask directly depends on the school of archaeological thought to which they belong. It is also proposed that all three of the main theoretical paradigms in contemporary archaeology are not necessarily contradictory but can be complimentary in revealing various aspects of mortuary evidence and possibilities of its interpretatio

Social interpretation of selected early medieval row cemeteries in perspective of gender studies and lifecycle analysis

Wydział Historyczny: Instytut PrahistoriiPraca składa się z dwóch części. Część pierwsza stanowi analizę i interpretację materiału źródłowego (archeologiczno-antropologicznego) pochodzącego z wybranych wczesnośredniowiecznych cmentarzysk rzędowych usytuowanych w dorzeczu Odry i Wisły. Część druga to natomiast apendyks – katalog, w którym została zebrana i zaprezentowana cała dostępna podstawa źródłowa analizowana w pracy oraz dokonana została szczegółowa analiza poszczególnych cmentarzysk.W ramach pracy w pierwszej kolejności dokonuję charakterystyki wczesnośredniowiecznego obrządku pogrzebowego i jego przemian ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem specyfiki cmentarzysk rzędowych. Następie przedstawiam teorię i główne założenia koncepcji płci kulturowej (ang. gender) i cyklu życiowego (ang. lifecycle) oraz możliwości i sposoby ich badania na podstawie materiałów archeologicznych pochodzących z cmentarzysk. Z kolei staram się określić zasady strukturyzujące obrządek pogrzebowy reprezentowany na omawianych cmentarzyskach oraz przeprowadzam analizę materiałów archeologicznych z tych cmentarzysk mającą na celu ustalenie i określenie reguł traktowania i wyposażania zmarłych w zależności od płci i wieku oraz omówienie odstępstw od tych reguł, co wiążę się z obserwacją różnic w występowaniu zabytków w ramach wyróżnionych kategorii wieku i płci zmarłego. Dodatkowo podejmuję próbę określenie roli form materialnych w konstruowaniu i wyrażaniu różnych tożsamości społecznych, a także wyrażaniu i zaznaczaniu etapów, i progów (cezur) życiowych w ramach stosowanego na cmentarzyskach rzędowych obrządku pogrzebowego.Dokonywane w pracy analizy i interpretacje opierają się na założeniu, że śmierć i związane z nią obrzędy pogrzebowe to, oprócz posiadania innych wymiarów, wydarzenie społeczne. W związku z tym w obrzędach pogrzebowych i ich materialnych pozostałościach mogą w pewnej mierze znaleźć swoje odzwierciedlenie zjawiska społeczne.The dissertation consists of two parts. Part one comprises social analysis and interpretation of archaeological and anthropological burial data from selected early medieval row cemeteries located in the catchment area of Odra and Vistula rivers. Part two comprises the gazetteer of row cemeteries consisting the sample of burials used as evidence for undertaken analyses and interpretations. At first, I characterize early medieval burial customs and its changes over time, focusing primarily on inhumation burial rite and row cemeteries. Then, I present the outline of gender theory and concepts of gender studies and lifecycle analysis as well as consider possibilities and methods of their investigation based on archaeological and anthropological source materials. I try to define rules structuring burial customs represented on row cemeteries and analyze archaeological and anthropological materials from these cemeteries to define rules of treating and furnishing the dead depending on gender and age. I also consider deviations from the rules which is connected with observing variation in presence of grave goods and grave structures connected with particular gender and age category. Moreover, I investigate the role of material forms in burial rite practiced on row cemeteries in constructing and expressing various social identities as well as in marking stages and thresholds in lifecycle.Undertaken analyses and interpretations are based on an assumption that death and connected with her burial ritual is, despite other dimensions, a social event. From that reason in burial customs and its material remains may be reflected social phenomena

Social interpretation of the selected early Medieval row cemeteries in the perspective gender studies and lifecycle analysis

The study consists of two parts. The first part comprises analysis and social interpretation of archaeological and anthropological burial data from selected early medieval row cemeteries located in the catchment area of the Odra and Vistula rivers. The second part has a form of appendix of sample burials used for analysis and interpretation carried out in the project (altogether 2286 burials from 29 cemeteries). The conducted analysis aimed at recognizing the past social system in terms of constructing and expressing gender relations and their position within the lifecycle in the early Medieval society from the period between the 10th and 13th century AD in Poland. This attempt is based on the premise that death and associated funerary rites are most of all social events. Therefore, the funeral rites, along with associated material remains, may to some extent reflect social phenomena. The dissertation starts with an overview of the early Medieval burial customs and their changes over time, focusing primarily on the inhumation burial rite and row cemeteries. It is followed by presenting basic categories of gender and lifecycle studies. This section comprises also a possibility of applying both concepts for interpretation of archaeological and anthropological data from cemeteries. The next section involves analysis of available empirical materials from the Medieval row cemeteries and is aimed to identify and define the rules for treatment the dead according to sex and age. The following elements of burial rites have been taken into consideration: a placement of the burial in cemetery, grave construction, grave goods, etc. A special interest has been focused upon burial rules practiced at row cemeteries in reference to atypical burials