Physical performance and motivation to exercise

The study is an attempt to assess the impact of self-evaluation and motivation on physical exercise. In the chapter, material and methods describe the specificity of the research methodology, their purpose being to compare the outcome of subjective evaluation after FMS with the objective outcome of FMS, self-esteem, and motivation analysis for sport, and the hypothesis that Additional activity does not affect the higher self-esteem and it can be assumed that the age range does not affect the result of external motivation. Materials and research tools such as questionnaire, FMS test and SMS scale were also defined. The research was done on a group of 30 people. The group included 14 women and 16 men. More than half of the respondents (53%) are between 20 and 22 years of age, 27% are between 23 and 24 years old, and 20% are between 17 and 19 years of age. Analysis of the research revealed that as many as 19 people trained their discipline over 6 years, another 9 had a training period of 2-4 years, while only 2 respondents are beginners. It has also been reported that men in the research group practice up to 7 training units a week more than women. Up to half of the group, 15 people practice their amateur discipline without achieving any sports successes, 9 people are players and 2 and 3 league players, while only 6 are participating in the championship. In turn, 24 out of 30 respondents have additional physical activity. Participants in the study rated their physical fitness very high, 28 out of 30 rated it very good and good, and only 2 rated it sufficiently. The most subjectively assessed element of physical fitness was the strength that 22 people rated very good and good. This can be a testimony to the volleyballs grown by the test subjects - 43%; Other sports 27% (tennis, table tennis, hammering, rowing, basketball, football); Bodybuilding 17% and combat sports 13%. The lowest rated motor ability is flexibility, 20 respondents rated either sufficiently or badly. This can be a sign of neglect of training in terms of exercise flexibility, as evidenced by the numerous traumas reported by the persons examined. After summing up the results of subjective assessments of the seven FMS tests, the following result was obtained: Half of the subjects surveyed ranged from 10 to 13 points, another 13 assessed their trials in the range of 15-20, while the other two showed low self-esteem. Go for 9 and 4 points. Of the 30 people tested, only 6 of them do not take any additional physical activity. In this group, only one subjective observation can be observed after the tests have been performed. The results of 5 other people are comparable to the results of people who practice additional sports. This fact makes it possible to make a claim and to confirm the hypothesis that additional physical activity does not affect self-esteem. SMS Scale (Sport Motivation Scale) study. "SMS" gives you the opportunity to explore the level of motivation in relation to physical activity, such as internal motivation, the results of which are as follows: 13 respondents rated their internal motivation high, another 13 were sufficient, and 4 were poorly rated. Range from 6 to 10 points. Research has shown that internal motivation in the research group is very high, 26 in 30 subjects are motivated by internal motivation to exercise. Thanks to the "SMS" scale, external motivation was also assessed. Research has shown that 26 respondents questioned the impact of external factors on motivation for physical activity. For 3 people, external motivation is important and 1 person has confirmed that external factors have a significant impact on her personal motivation. After comparing these two analyzes, it can be stated that there are no external factors, but internal factors are the main motivator when it comes to practicing sport. The "FMS" study (functional movement screen) showed that the majority of the respondents had a good self-assessment. The differences between the subjective assessment and the objective evaluation of these individuals were a maximum of 4 points. In the next 6 cases, the inadequate self-esteem may be observed, as the subjects are assessed too low for the FMS test. Differences between subjective and objective ratings ranged from 5 to a maximum of 8 points. In one case, an inadequate self-assessment was observed, where the test result was lower than the one declared

Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa Zachodniopomorskiego = Physical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie

Stankiewicz Błażej, Bożek Radosław. Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa Zachodniopomorskiego = Physical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):184-214. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.193030http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4045  The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 06.12.2016. Sprawność fizyczna żołnierzy z województwa ZachodniopomorskiegoPhysical fitness of soldiers from the province of Zachodniopomorskie Błażej Stankiewicz¹, Radosław Bożek¹Blazej Stankiewicz¹, Radoslaw Bozek¹ ¹ Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy¹ Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz Słowa kluczowe: sprawność fizyczna, Wojsko Polskie, armiaKey words: physical fitness, the Polish Army, army Streszczenie            Celem pracy było poznanie poziomu sprawności żołnierzy 100 Batalionu Łączności. W sprawdzianie sprawności fizycznej udział wzięło 403 żołnierzy. W grupie tej znalazło się 15 oficerów, 203 podoficerów i 185 szeregowych. W ramach sprawdzianu żołnierze poddani zostali czterem próbom: podciągania na drążku, skłony tułowia w czasie 2 minut, bieg wahadłowy 10x10 metrów oraz marszobieg na 3000 metrów.Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że największym poziomem sprawności fizycznej wykazali oficerowie, którzy uzyskali największą ilość ocen bardzo dobrych we wszystkich czterech próbach. Natomiast najniższym poziomem sprawności fizycznej wykazali szeregowi. Badani żołnierze najlepsze wyniki uzyskali podczas wykonywania skłonów tułowia w czasie 2 minut. Natomiast najgorsze wyniki badani żołnierze uzyskali podczas marszobiegu na 3000 metrów, co świadczy o niskim poziomie wytrzymałości. Zróżnicowanie ocen wewnątrz poszczególnych grup wiekowych, występujące we wszystkich trzech korpusach, udowodniło, że wiek badanych żołnierzy i wiążące się z nim normy wymagań nie wpływają na osiągane rezultaty.SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the fitness level of troops of 100 Battalion of Communications. The quiz physical attended by 403 soldiers. In this group, there were 15 officers, 203 non-commissioned officers and 185 privates. As part of the test soldiers were subjected to four tests: pull on the stick, the body slopes in 2 minutes, running swinging 10x10 meters and run at 3,000 meters.The study shows that the greatest level of physical fitness showed officers, who obtained the greatest number of very good grades in all four trials. In contrast, the lowest level of physical fitness showed a number. Respondents soldiers the best results obtained during the execution of the torso bends 2 minutes. While the worst performing subjects soldiers received during the slow-run 3000 meters, which indicates a low level of strength. Differentiation of ratings within each age group, present in all three bodies, proved that the age of the respondents soldiers and binding with it the standard requirements do not affect the achieved results

Changes in the level of motor skills of young players as an indicator of the effectiveness of training for the football club "Gedania" Gdańsk

The main objective of the study was to assess the quality of training of the football club "Gedania 1922" Gdańsk. This object is achieved by analyzing the theoretical information regarding football as a sport, club activities examined and the analysis of periodic fitness tests conducted four times from January 2015 to January 2016 on a group of forty boys aged 10-11 years attending football training in "Gedania" club. In order to know the level of efficiency of the overall respondents made attempts involving the running for 5, 15 and 30 meters, the long jump with space and running zigzag "on the envelope" without the ball. In turn, the efficiency of the special subject assessment using: running zigzag "on the envelope" with the ball, the ball hits the bench with a distance of 3 meters in 30 seconds and juggling. The study revealed that in terms of the whole period considered for all classes that make up the physical test has been to improve the average results obtained by the test participants, the particularly preferred changes were found in regards specific fitness. The study revealed that in terms of the whole period considered for all classes that make up the physical test has been to improve the average results obtained by the test participants, the particularly preferred changes were found in regards specific fitness. The test results also allowed efficiency to notice certain problem areas or requiring improvement. Nevertheless, the overall results of the research allowed to draw final conclusions about the quality of football training the children in the club Gedania Gdańsk

Subjective and objective evaluation of one’s physical fitness – the role of self-esteem, motivation, and the need for social approval

Introduction and purpose of the work: Physical fitness is an important aspect of human life that can have an impact on biological, social, and psychological functioning. The aim of the research was to compare students who were engaged and those who were not engaged in sport in terms of self-evaluation of own physical fitness and performance in the Functional Movement ScreenTM. The analyses also included the role of motivation, self-esteem, and the need for social approval. Material and method: The participants of the study were students who do sports (n = 30) and those who are not engaged in a sport activity (n = 30) at one Polish university (aged 18-24 years, Mage = 21,23; SD = 1,5). The following instruments were used in the research: Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Social Approval Test (TAS-27), Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II), Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMSTM), Survey about own physical fitness and sport related information.Results: The results revealed that active and inactive students differed in the subjective scores in the FMSTM and evaluation of own physical fitness. However, in both groups similar scores in self-esteem and the need for social approval were present. Subjective evaluation (made by the subjects) of own performance in the FMSTM was rated lower than objective one (made by the researchers) in both groups. The FMSTM scores (both objective and subjective) were related to different types of motivation. The lowest mean values were noted for external motivation and amotivation. Conclusions: The research has shown differences, in evaluation of physical fitness and FMSTM score - which can inform about the risk of potential injury - between the students who were engaged and those who were not engaged in sport. Motivation, need for social approval and self-esteem were mutually related. They can play an important role in shaping the belief about one's physical fitness and the effect of one's performance, although further investigations are needed as well as different types of statistical analyses to provide conformation for this assumption

Individual athletes’ biomechanical features of interaction with objects in art gymnastics

Purpose: To design a biomechanical model of interaction of athlete with the subject, as well as the development of areas of its use in practice. Material: The study involved 10 students - athletes. Results: The presented computational schemes create direction of flight of different items (rope, hoop, ball, ribbon, clubs). The characteristics of the time of flight trajectories and with regard for the resistance force of the air environment. Shows the influence of initial parameters on departure flight time items. Graphic characteristics are presented trajectories of objects depending on the parameters of their departure. Conclusions: It is recommended to improve the judicial assessment and effective implementation gymnast exercises during the flight characteristics of the various items to consider trajectories of objects. Note that age, height and distance from the athletes at the end of the flight object defined biomechanical characteristics that can realize an athlete: absolute initial velocity of departure, departure angle, height of the center of mass manufacture items

Effects of Sitting Callisthenic Balance and Resistance Exercise Programs on Cognitive Function in Older Participants

Background: Exercise training programs have the potential to improve cognitive function in older subjects. However, the majority of training programs are based on aerobic modality. In the current study, the influence of 3 months programs of sitting callisthenic balance (SCB) and resistance training (RT) on cognitive functioning and the mediating role that a change in the level of neurotrophic factors and strength in older, healthy participants plays were examined. Material and methods: Global cognitive function was examined using MoCA, short-term memory using Digit Span and Delayed Matching to Sample, set shifting using Trial Making Test Part B, speed of processing simple visual stimuli using Simple Reaction Time, decision making using Choice Reaction Time, visual attention with Visual Attention Test (VAT), tests. Strength of lower and upper limbs, neurotrophin level (irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were examined. Results: Improved scores in RT vs. SCB were noted in MoCA (p = 0.02), reaction time in SRT (p = 0.02), TMT B (p = 0.03), errors committed in CRT (p = 0.04) and VAT (p = 0.02) were observed. No significant changes in the level of neurotrophic factors were observed. Changes in upper limb strength were related to changes in the number of errors committed in the SRT (p = 0.03). Lower limb strength changes explained the dynamics of the number of correct answers (p = 0.002) and errors committed (p = 0.006) in VAT. Conclusions: Both SCB and RT influenced multiple cognitive domains. The RT program improved global cognitive functioning, while no improvement was noticed in the SCB group. Decision making, visual attention and global cognitive function were improved after the RT program. Set-shifting, short-term visual memory processing speed of simple visual stimuli were improved after the SCB program, while a decrease in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli was noted in the RT group. Changes in irisin were related to set-shifting and short-term memory, while in BDNF to an improvement in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli. Resistance exercise training programs could be applied to prevent age related declines of cognitive function in healthy older subjects

Single high-dose vitamin D supplementation as an approach for reducing ultramarathon-induced inflammation : a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Purpose: A growing number of studies indicate the importance of vitamin D supplementation for sports performance. However, the effects of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on ultramarathon-induced inflammation have not been investigated. We here analyzed the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on the inflammatory marker levels in ultramarathon runners after an ultramarathon run (maximal run 240 km). Methods: In the study, 35 runners (amateurs) were assigned into two groups: single high-dose vitamin D supplementation group, administered vitamin D (150,000 IU) in vegetable oil 24 h before the start of the run (n = 16); and placebo group (n = 19). Blood was collected for analysis 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. Results: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly increased after the ultramarathon in both groups. The increase was greater in the vitamin D group than in the control group. Based on post-hoc and other analyses, the increase in interleukin 6 and 10, and resistin levels immediately after the run was significantly higher in runners in the control group than that in those in the supplementation group. Leptin, oncostatin M, and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor levels were significantly decreased in both groups after the run, regardless of the supplementation. Conclusions: Ultramarathon significantly increases the serum 25(OH)D levels. Attenuation of changes in interleukin levels upon vitamin D supplementation confirmed that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effect on exercise-induced inflammation

SZCZEGÓŁOWA ANALIZA 240-SEKUNDOWEJ PRÓBY CYKLOERGOMETRYCZNEJ PRZEPROWADZONEJ WŚRÓD BIEGACZY NA ŚREDNICH DYSTANSACH W WIEKU 16-19 LAT

Introduction. Middle-distance runs are endurance events that include the distances from 600 m up to 1609 m. The objective of the research is to determine work capabilities in acid and lactic conditions, measured by means of a 240-second test in young junior (16-17 years of age) and junior (18-19 years of age) runners at middle distances and to compare maximum lactate concentrations and maximum heart rate after 60-second and 240-second tests of the subjects.Methods. The research included 20 competitors aged 16-17 and 12 competitors aged 18-19. During the test period all subjects were training in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province sport clubs. In order to determine work capabilities in acid-lactic conditions, a 240-second cycle ergometric laboratory test was applied. The obtained results were worked out using basic descriptive statistics: arithmetic average (M), standard deviation (± δ), minimum (min) and maximum values and coefficient of variation (V%).Results. The results obtained made it possible to characterize the subjects in terms of work capabilities at a high level of lactic acid in blood during middle-long effort. An in-depth investigation of the collected material might prove useful when planning training loads for work on special stamina.Conclusions. A set of criteria presented in the paper, detailing work and power obtained during a 240- second cycle ergometer might be used by trainers in a sport training process to assess individual function predisposition.Wstęp. Biegi średnie to konkurencje wytrzymałościowe, wśród których wymienić możemy dystanse od 600 m do 1609 m. Celem pracy jest określenie zdolności do pracy w warunkach kwaso-mleczanowych, mierzonych testem 240-sekundowym u biegaczy na średnich dystansach w kategorii juniora młodszego (16-17 lat) i juniora (18-19 lat). Porównanie maksymalnych stężeń mleczanu oraz maksy-malnej ilości skurczów serca po próbie 60 sek. i 240 sek. u badanych zawodników.Materiał i metody. W badaniach wzięło udział 20. zawodników w wieku 16-17 lat oraz 12. biegaczy w wieku 18-19 lat. W trakcie testów wszyscy zrzeszeni byli w klubach województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego. Do określenia zdolności pracy w warunkach kwaso-mleczanowych zastosowano próbę laboratoryjną: test cykloergometryczny - 240s. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano za pomocą podstawowej statystyki opisowej: średniej arytmetycznej (M), odchylenia standardowego (± δ), wartości minimalnej (min) i maksymalnej (max) oraz współczynnika zmienności (V%).Wyniki. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły scharakteryzować badanych w zakresie możliwości pracy w warunkach wysokiego poziomu kwasu mlekowego we krwi przy średnio długim wysiłku. Głęboka analiza zebranego materiału może być pomocna w planowaniu obciążeń treningowych w zakresie pracy nad wytrzymałością specjalną.Wnioski. Zaprezentowany w pracy zestaw kryteriów opisujących pracę i moc uzyskaną podczas 240-sekundowego testu cykloergometrycznego, może być wykorzystany przez szkoleniowców w praktyce szkolenia sportowego do oceny indywidualnych predyspozycji wydolnościowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły scharakteryzować badanych w zakresie możliwości pracy w warunkach kwaso-mlekowych. Pomoże to w planowaniu obciążeń treningowych właśnie w tym zakresie

Optymalizacja treningu sportowego w piłce nożnej na przykładzie piłkarzy IV ligowego zespołu „Grom Osie” = Optimization of sports training in football for example IV football league team, "Grom Osie"

Stankiewicz Błażej, Środa Jakub. Optymalizacja treningu sportowego w piłce nożnej na przykładzie piłkarzy IV ligowego zespołu „Grom Osie” = Optimization of sports training in football for example IV football league team, "Grom Osie". Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):473-499. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.188112 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4024       The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 30.11.2016.       Optymalizacja treningu sportowego w piłce nożnej na przykładzie piłkarzy IV ligowego zespołu „Grom Osie” Optimization of sports training in football for example IV football league team, "Grom Osie"   Błażej Stankiewicz¹, Jakub Środa¹ Blazej Stankiewicz¹, Jakub Sroda¹   ¹Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy ¹Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz   Badania statutowe BS/2016/K19 IKF/WKFZiT/UKW   Słowa kluczowe: piłka nożna, trening szybkości, test Rast Key words: football, speed training, Rast test   Streszczenie W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach nastąpiły olbrzymie zmiany w grze w piłę nożną. Zwiększyło się tempo gry, zmieniły się: styl gry, technika, taktyka, a także przepisy. W czasie meczu zwodnicy wykonują około 1000 różnych czynności ruchowych, które zmieniają się średnio co 6 sekund (Rynkiewicz i Niewolna, 2011). Osiągnięcie takiego poziomu wymaga realizacji regularnego i racjonalnie przygotowanego procesu treningowego. Do tych zmian musiał dostosować się trening piłkarski, poważne zmiany nastąpiły w jego teorii i metodyce (Chmura i in., 2008). Przygotowanie motoryczne piłkarzy do okresu startowego obejmuje dziś inny zakres, inne środki i metody. Z fizjologicznego punktu widzenia zawodnik podczas meczu poddany jest dużemu wysiłkowi wytrzymałościowemu, w którym źródłem energii są procesy aerobowe i anaerobowe (Jurkowski i Wysocki, 2011). Celem pracy była weryfikacja skuteczności przeprowadzonego eksperymentu za pomocą analizy porównawczej wyników testów o charakterze beztlenowym przeprowadzonych wśród zawodników trenujących piłkę nożną w IV ligowym Klubie Grom Osie na początku i na końcu okresu przygotowawczego. Analizując badaną populację stwierdzić jednoznacznie można, że ich przygotowanie w sferze przemian beztlenowych stoi na bardzo dobrym jak na warunki IV ligi rozgrywkowej warunki. Średnia wartość czasu uzyskanego w biegu na 20 m wyniosła 3,181 sek. Próba mocy maksymalnej i pomiaru spadku mocy, prowadzona za pomocą testu „Rast” ukazała wynik średni mocy maksymalnej zawodników „Gromu” rzędu 13,4 W/kg i jest t rezultat lepszy od napotkanych w piśmiennictwie.   Summary In recent decades there have been huge changes in the game of football. Increased pace of the game have changed: playing style, technique, tactics, and rules. During the match, players carry about 1,000 different motor actions, which change every 6 seconds (Rynkiewicz i Niewolna, 2011). Achieving this level requires the implementation of regular and reasonably prepared training process. These changes have to adapt to football training, major changes took place in the theory and methodology (Chmura i in., 2008). Preparing motor players to the tournament period today has a different range, other means and methods. From a physiological point of view of a player during the match it is subject to a large effort of endurance, where the source of energy are aerobic and anaerobic processes (Jurkowski i Wysocki, 2011). The aim of the study was to verify the effectiveness of the experiment by means of a comparative analysis of the test results of an anaerobic carried out among competitors practicing football in the fourth league club Grom Osie at the beginning and at the end of the preparatory period. Analysing the population can say unequivocally that their preparation in the field of anaerobic stands on very good terms for the fourth league form conditions. The average value of time obtained in the course of 20 m was 3,181 sec. Attempting to maximum power and measuring the decrease in power, led by the test "Rast" was released the result of the average maximum power players "Thunder" of the order of 13.4 W / kg and t is the result of better than encountered in the literature

Analysis of changes in general fitness athletes of the sports club "Union" Wabrzezno vintage 1999 and 2000, during the season 2013/2014

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. One might venture to say that this is a competition bringing together the largest number of trainees of people, both those affiliated sports clubs and amateur playing football with traffic needs and for pure pleasure. High requirements before players are forcing bars training to effectively conduct the training in order to meet them. Checking in sport is one of the indispensable elements of proper training, which allows both to dispense the appropriate load as well as to monitor progress in the training process which, together with an individual approach to player creates optimal conditions for its development. In the study presented and discussed stress tests which are elements of control in sport. They discussed included attempts to run at a maximum speed of 30m with the measurement of split times on 5m and 10m, anaerobic power test RAST - Running- based Anaerobic Sprint Test, vertical jump on the platform dynamometer - Countermovementjump - CMJ, agility test - 20 Yard Agility Shuttle. The tests were carried out twice at an interval of four months. Obtained in the process of the research results were processed statistically, discussed and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The entire activities related to the research process enabled the formulation of the summary, which merits is that over time of 27.01.2014r. to 23.01.2014r. there was an average increase physical fitness of the total surveyed players. It was also observed that the greatest changes occurred in the trials RAST and CMJ. There has been no significant improvement in the speed of locomotion and agility. Training loads during the preparatory period and the start of the group surveyed players proved to be particularly effective in improving anaerobic capacity and explosive strength respondents. Based on the results that have been obtained in all the tests you will notice big differences in terms of overall physical fitness among the respondents