Investigation of In Vitro Amoebicidal Activities of Trachystemon orientalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii Cysts and Trophozoites

INTRODUCTION: Acanthamoeba species cause important diseases such as Acanthamoeba keratitis, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and cutaneous acanthamoebiasis. In this study, we investigated the amoebicidal action of methanol and ringer extracts of Trachystemon orientalis plant on cyst and trophozoite forms of Acanthamoeba castellanii by evaluating cell viability percentage and IC50 values. METHODS: The in vitro amoebicidal effects of T. orientalis methanol and ringer extracts prepared at different concentrations on A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were investigated. RESULTS: The IC50 value of A. castellanii trophozoite form at 72nd, 48th, 24th, 8th, 6th, 3rd and 1st hours were 4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.1, 14.1, 21.4, and 23.8 mg/mL with methanol extract of T. orientalis, respectively, and 8.5, 11.1, 14.4, 15.9, 20.9, 23.9 and 25.8 mg/mL, with ringer extract of T. orientalis respectively. T. orientalis 80 mg/mL methanol extract showed lethal effect for the all trophozoites at 72nd hour. The viability (%) of the ringer extract of T. orientalis at 72nd hour was 1.6 +- 0.3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Methanolic extract of T. orientalis was found to be more effective than ringer extract on Acanthamoeba trophozoites. A. castellanii cysts showed similar sensitivity to methanolic and ringer extracts of T. orientalis. Both extracts showed greater amoebicidal activity on trophozoites when compared to cysts. Whether the concentrations explored in the existing study are cytotoxic for mammalian cells, or have toxic effects on experimental animals should be examined with future in vivo studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action for the active substances responsible for biological activity should be investigated in future studies

Static, dynamic and fatigue analysis of a semi-automaticgun locking block

Reduction of the recoil forces on shotgun parts and even effects on the human body are a considerable importance during design of the semi-automatic shotgun parts. These forces are strongly affected by the dynamics of motion of rifle parts upon firing. Therefore, managing of these recoil forces would be crucial issue to produce functional, ergonomic, safe, reliable, and robust designs. in the literature, many researchers have investigated static, dynamic, and fatigue behaviors of most mechanical parts which especially take a role under the dynamic loads. However, shotgun parts have not been investigated formally yet. Therefore, in this study we particularly focused on investigating static, dynamic, and fatigue behaviors of a semi-automatic shotgun's locking block, which is an integral part of the shotgun mechanism during firing. In this study, techniques such as hardness measurements, analysis of the recoil forces of a semi-automatic shotgun, and finite element analysis were performed. Pro/Engineer Wildfire 3.0 series software was used to model the locking block and the other parts of the gun. Moreover, the finite element code ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and ANSYS Workbench were used to determine the stress distribution, and fatigue behaviors of the locking block, based on the Morrow Theorem. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Pedunculated localized fibrous tumor of the pleura presenting as a moving chest mass

Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura is a rare primary pleural neoplasm. The tumors are usually discovered incidentally on routine chest radiography. A change in the lesion's position with respiration and/or posture of the patient indicates a pedunculated pleural lesion. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging reveal the relation of the lesions to adjacent structures. Magnetic resonance imaging is also useful for the characterization of the lesions on the basis of signal features. These tumors usually consist of mature fibrous tissue

Metastatic cardiac myxoma

A 22-year-old woman who had a history of three cardiac operations and a bilateral femoral embolectomy for recurrent cardiac myxoma and myxoma embolism, respectively, was accepted to our clinic with multiple immobile peripheral masses. One of them was compressing the left common femoral artery. This mass was extirpated. Pathology examination revealed myxoma. Chemotherapy was given to the patient and regression of the masses was observed. (C) 2001 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Home accidents and influencing factors Ev kazalari ve etkileyen faktörler

Home accidents are not registered and evaluated sufficiently and regularly in Turkey but it is known that it is probably the most common type of accident for Turkey. The aim of this study was to define home accidents that occurred in last six months and influencing factors in Izmir, Turkey. This cross sectional study was carried out in a slum settlement area, Inonu District, Izmir. The population was 10.207 in 2003 and there were 1.765 households. Sample size was 331 households. The data was collected from 5 strata on sub districts and interviews were conducted face to face. In this research 1.332 people living in 326 houses, which were apartments (47.2%) and slum settlements (52.8%), were reached. The prevalence of home accidents in the last 6 months was 10.9% (145 cases) among the participants. The most frequent type of home accidents were falls (30.3%), including falling from high (8 cases) and cuts (29.7%). There were also severe accidents such as electrical shock (4 cases) and fire (3 cases). Only 30% of the cases applied to a health institution and 3 of them (2.1%) were hospitalized. Nine cases resulted in disability, which gives a rate of 7 per thousand, and there was no fatality. Affecting factors for home accidents were more common in women (14.5%) compared to men (7.3%, p:0.001). There were more home accidents in people under age 5 (28.8%) compared to the other ages (9.2%) (p:0.000). Age also influenced, the type of the accident; 0-4 age group has more falls and hits (71.9%) than other injuries than group of age 15 and above (39.8%) (p:0.003). In logistic regression analyses age, gender, and house type remained independent risk factors for home accidents. OR of being under 5 years old was 4.2 (95% CI 2.6-6.7); OR of being female was 2.2 (95% CI 1.5-3.1) and OR for living in an apartment was 1.5 (95% CI 1.04-2.2) for home accidents. Home accidents are very common for women and children. There should be relevant measures taken regarding the risk factors by the primary care workers by visiting the houses. Surveillance system should be set up to detect these accidents within the framework of environmental health care

Characteristics of synchronous- and metachronous-type multiple primary neoplasms: A study of hospital-based cancer registry in Turkey

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, histologic, and topographic characteristics, and the association of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary neoplasms. Patients and Methods: Five hundred seventy-two multiple primary tumors (n = 286) of 20,895 tumors recorded from 1993 to 2005 by the office of Izmir Cancer Registry at the Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital were analyzed. chi(2) and Student t test were performed. Results: One hundred fifty-eight patients had synchronous tumors whereas 128 had metachronous tumors. Both groups were more frequent among men and among patients aged > 50 years. The distribution of synchronous and metachronous tumors between sex and age groups was similar (P =.462 and P =.479, respectively). Carcinomas were more frequent and histologic compositions of both of the groups were significantly different (P =.009). Pairs of the same topographic origin were significantly more frequent in synchronous tumors (P =.019). The urogenital system was the most frequent location in all groups. The leading tumoral association was between urogenital-urogenital tumors, also. Detailed evaluation of the metachronous group revealed that the most frequent organ associations were of breast-ovary (n = 7) and bladder-larynx (n = 5). Conclusion: Field cancerization in the epithelium, theory of a common clonal origin, or the screening effect might account for the relatively frequent association of urogenital tumors. The association of the tumors of breast-ovary might be related to the endocrine effect. Further studies complying with international rules and using data from different population-based tumor registries are necessary to elucidate site correlation

Nöroloji Staj Notları

Nöroloji Staj NotlarıBu kitap, Dönem V Nöroloji Stajı boyunca öğrencilerin elinde temel bir rehber olmasını sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Hastaya, hikayesine ve bulgularına bir bilmece gibi yaklaşmak, lezyon “nerededir?” ve “nedir?” sorularının yanıtını aramak nörolojiyi zevkli kılan özelliklerdir. İyi bir hikaye almanın önemi hemen her bölümde vurgulanmıştır. Klinik nörolojinin temel ve güncel kavramlarını içermekle birlikte tüm bilgiyi 200 sayfalık bu kitapçığa sığdırmak mümkün değildir. Eksik konular için önerilen kaynaklar kitabın sonunda verilmiştir. Bu ikinci baskıda öğrencilerden ve öğretim üyelerinden gelen görüşler doğrultusunda düzeltmeler yapılmış, nöroanatomik kısa bilgiler ve güncel kavramlar eklenmiştir. Bilgiye ulaşmak için çok çeşitli kaynakların var olduğu bir dönemde, elde temel bir kitabın var olmasının, öğrencinin araştırmacı yönünü azaltmayacağını, aksine artıracağını umuyoruz

Kültürel Bellek 2017

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