Contributions of Turkish neurosurgeons on the studies about autonomic nervous system dysfunction following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhag

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for around 5% of all cases of stroke. Pathophysiologic autonomic nervous system changes have been frequently observed following SAH, In this paper, the interest of Turkish neurosurgeons in studies of autonomic nervous system dysfunction following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage studies was analyzed. The searched terms “experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage”, “autonomic nervous system” was used for Pubmed search. 83 studies were analyzed. Many papers from Turkey were published (44 studies, 53% of all studies came from Turkey. Rabbits were the most preferred animals (in 48 studies, 57.8%). Neurosurgeons and neuroscientists from Turkey published many studies for autonomic nervous system dysfunction after SAH

Can numerical pain rating scale and pain catastrophic scale predict lumbar radiculopathy?

Introduction: We wanted to investigate the relationship between the severity of pain and pain catastrophizing and Lasegue sign in patients with mechanical low back pain. Methods: Three hundred and forty-five people with low back pain were divided into two groups as positive and negative according to the Lasegue sign. Numerical rating scale for pain (NRS-P) and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) were administered to the participants and the predictive power of these tests for the Lasegue sign was investigated. Results: The scores of both scales were found to be statistically significantly higher in the Lasegue positive group compared to the negative group. In the simple logistic regression analysis, it was determined that NRS-P and PCS could significantly predict Lasegue test positivity. Discussion and Conclusion: It has been determined that NRS-P and PCS are tools that can be used for the presence of lumbar radiculopathy. The results of our study revealed that psychological factors such as catastrophizing are also important in the perception of pain, and it would be beneficial for clinicians to consider this situation while managing the treatment proces

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Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 80-KenterlerUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

The protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the bilirubin neurotoxicity

Usually, all newborns demonstrate high serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) level. UCB may induce adverse effects in the central nervous system. We aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of UCB and the protective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on astrocyte cell cultures. The viability of astrocyte cells decreased after UCB treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of DHA prevents the cells from UCB-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results shown that UCB leads to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and GPx activity and induction of apoptosis. But only 4-h pretreatment of DHA can suppress of UCB-mediated inhibition of antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase and GPx activity and induction of apoptosis in astrocytes. Our results strongly indicated that DHA has a protective effect on UCB-mediated neurotoxicity through inhibition apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT and GPx in rat primer astrocyte cell line © 2013 Informa UK, Ltd

Determining the secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about teaching professionOrtaokullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik öz yeterlik algilarinin incelenmesi

Self-efficacy refers to beliefs about one’s capabilities to learn or perform behaviors at designated levels (Bandura, 1997). The main aim of this study is to determine the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers about teaching profession. The research was designed based on a descriptive survey method. The research group comprised 217 secondary school teachers working in 22 schools in Gaziantep city center in Turkey. The data were collected using the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale originally developed by Tschannen-Moran ve Woolfolk Hoy (2001) and adapted to Turkish by Çapa, Çakıroğlu, Sarıkaya (2005). The data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics (arithmetic means and standard deviations), independent samples t test and one way Anova analysis.As a result of the study it was concluded that participating secondary school teachers had favorable beliefs of self-efficacy in terms of teaching profession. We can conclude that gender is not effective according to the context of the self-efficacy. Subjects taught are not related with self-efficacy in this study. Finally this study showed that reward and punishment is very important for the self-efficacy beliefs of the secondary teachers. Because self-efficacy influences academic motivation some activities can be done to increase the self-efficacy beliefs of the teachers by providing different reward system. ÖzetÖz-yeterlik bireylerin herhangi bir performansa yönelik kendileri hakkında algıları şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin mesleklerine ilişkin öz-yeterlik algıları öğretimin kalitesini doğrudan etkileyen faktörlerden birisidir. Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik öz yeterlik algılarının araştırıldığı bu çalışma betimsel bir tarama çalışmasıdır. Araştırma 2013–2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında Gaziantep İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı olan 22 ortaokulda görev yapan 217 öğretmenle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler orjinali Tschannen-Moran ve Woolfolk Hoy (2001) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçeye adaptasyonu Çapa, Çakıroğlu, Sarıkaya (2005) tarafından yapılan  “Öğretmen Öz-yeterlik” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile, frekans, yüzde, varyans analizi, bağımsız gruplar t-testi gibi tekniklerle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde sonuçlara göre öğretmenlerin mesleklerine yönelik öz-yeterlik algıları yüksektir, cinsiyete, branşa ve sınıf mevcuduna göre değişmemektedir. Ancak öğretmenlerin öz-yeterlik algıları almış oldukları disiplin cezalara ve ödüllere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında öğretmenlerin öz-yeterliklerini artırıcı ödül uygulamaları ve öz-yeterliğe etkisi zayıf ceza uygulamalarının geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir

A cadaveric histological investigation of the prostate with three-dimensional reconstruction for better results in continence and erectile function after radical prostatectomy

In this study our aim is to increase the understanding of the prostate and related organs anatomy for better continence and erectile function results after urological surgery. Prostate and related organs were dissected from seven cadavers. After dissection, 165 serial sections with 300 μm thickness were derived at a 100 μm interval. The histological images were examined and imported to the computer. Three-dimensional (3D) remodeling had been performed. The findings were evaluated into three categories: macroscopic, microscopic and 3D reconstruction. Striated muscle fibers had been detected at the anterior fibromuscular stroma in histological sections. In 3D remodeling, urethra seemed to be a complete functional unit, beginning from the trigone up to the membranous urethra. The neurovascular bundles run under the pelvic fascia on both sides and go through to the bladder neck at 5 and 7 o'clock. Computer remodeling demonstrated that neurovascular structures had a close association with the bladder neck and the seminal vesicle. Computer program made it possible to rotate all 3D-reconstructed figures by 360° and examine them from all possible angles. All reconstructed structures can be examined together at the same time or one by one. Surgeons must pay special attention to the continence area described as a single unit, beginning from trigone to the membranous urethra, during the surgery. Meticulous dissection of the neurovascular bundles, especially close to the seminal vesicles and bladder neck, during the radical prostatectomy is necessary. These reconstructions can be used for the educational purpose of medical students as well as the urology surgeons

Effect of testosterone propionate on hippocampal pyramidal neuron number in female rats

INTRODUCTION The hippocampus is an important region of the brain that regulates cognitive and emotional functions. In this study, we examined the impact of perinatal administration of testosterone propionate (TP) on the number of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampi of female rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were used in this study. Three groups of female rats were administered TP in either both the prenatal and the postnatal periods (Group 1), only the prenatal period (Group 2) or only the postnatal period (Group 3). The other two groups of rats included control females (Group 4) and control males (Group 5). The rats were sacrificed on postnatal Day 120 and their brains were analysed for hippocampal pyramidal neuron number using stereological methods. RESULTS Control male rats (Group 5; p = 0.043) and TP-treated female rats in Groups 1 (p = 0.012) and 2 (p = 0.037), but not Group 3 (p > 0.05), had a significantly higher number of pyramidal neurons than control female rats (Group 4). The rats in Group 1 had the highest number of pyramidal neurons among the female rats. CONCLUSION Perinatal TP treatment has an augmenting effect on the number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampi of female rats. We also found gender-based differences in the hippocampi of male and female rats, with a higher number of pyramidal neurons seen in male rats. Continuous TP administration during the prenatal and postnatal periods is more effective than administration only in the prenatal or postnatal period

Double-application of platelet-rich plasma on bone healing in rabbits

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is considered to enhance bone formation especially at early stages of wound healing, depending on the limited and short life-span of platelets and growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of double-application of PRP (DA-PRP) on bone healing in a rabbit calvarial defect model. Study design: Twenty-eight rabbits, each had two surgically prepared calvarial bone defects (10mm diameter), were included in this study and randomly divided into six groups. Defects (n=56) were treated with single-application of PRP (SA-PRP)(n=10), SA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (SA-PRP+TCP)(n=10), DA-PRP (n=8), DA-PRP and beta-tricalciumphosphate (DA-PRP+TCP)(n=8), beta-tricalciumphosphate (TCP)(n=10) or left empty (Control)(n=10). Animals were sacrificed at 30 days postoperatively. Results: The new bone (NB%) and defect fill (DF%) percentages were calculated from histological slides by image-analyzer software and statistically analysed. All test groups showed higher NB% than control, but differences among all groups were insignificant. The TCP treated groups had significantly higher DF% than groups treated without TCP, however the DF% differences between control, SA-PRP and DA-PRP or TCP, SA-PRP+TCP or DA-PRP+TCP were insignificant. Conclusion: Although new bone formation was histomorphologically remarkable at double-application PRP groups, statistical analyses of the histomorphometric data revealed no significant difference. © Medicina Oral S. L

The correlation between birth weight and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1), and three-dimensional fetal volume

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between birth weight, and maternal serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) levels, and first-trimester fetal volume (FV) based on three-dimensional ultrasonography. Materials and methods: The study included 142 pregnant women at gestational week 11 degrees-13(6). All fetuses were imaged ultrasonographically by the same physician. Maternal blood samples were collected at the time of ultrasonographic evaluation and analyzed for IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal and neonatal weights were recorded at birth. Birth weight 90th percentiles was defined as small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA), respectively. Results: Median crown-rump length (CRL), FV, and maternal serum IGFBP-1 and KISS-1 levels were 58.2 mm (35.3-79.2 mm), 16.3 cm(3) (3.8-34.4 cm(3)), 68.1 ng mL(-1) (3.8-377.9 mL(-1)), and 99.7 ng L-1 (42.1-965.3 ng L-1), respectively. First-trimester IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in the mothers with LGA neonates (p .05). The maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester was a significant independent factor for SGA and LGA neonates (Odds ratio (OR): 0.011, 95%CI: 1.005-1.018, p < .001; and OR: 1.297, 95%CI: 1.074-1.566, p = .007, respectively). There was no significant relationship between SGA or LGA, and CRL, FV, or the KISS-1 level. Conclusions: As compared to the maternal KISS-1 level, the maternal IGFBP-1 level during the first trimester might be a better biomarker of fetal growth. Additional larger scale studies are needed to further delineate the utility of IGFBP-1 as a marker of abnormal birth weight