150 Jahre Wasserversorgung der Stadt Hemau

Die Ende September 1864 mit einem rauschenden Fest begangene Inbetriebnahme der ersten Wasserleitung der Stadt Hemau markiert eine historische Zeitenwende. Zum ersten Mal seit der Besiedelung war auf der über Jahrhunderte für ihren oft drückenden Wassermangel bekannte Jurahochfläche zwischen Altmühl und Schwarzer Laber permanent frisches Wasser verfügbar. Der Bau dieser Leitung - eine der frühesten weit und breit - stellte eine technische Pionierleistung dar. Mit ihren vier Auslaufbrunnen und einer Hand voll Hausanschlüssen war sie der erste Schritt hin zu einer zentralen Trinkwasserversorgung aller Anwesen in und um Hemau. Erreicht wurde dieses Ziel dann mit dem Neubau der Wasserversorgungsanlagen 1900/01 und der Erweiterung des Rohrleitungsnetzes in die Ortschaften Langenkreith, Klingen und Kollersried 1911. Was heute eine Selbstverständlichkeit ist, war Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts auf dem Tangrintel noch kaum vorstellbar und wurde erst Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts Realität: sauberes Wasser in jedem Haus. Aus Anlass des 150jährigen Jubiläums der Fertigstellung der ersten städtischen Wasserleitung informiert der Band über die spannende Geschichte der Hemauer Wasserversorgung

Conditions of Mytilus edulis extracellular body fluids and shell composition in a pH-treatment experiment: Acid-base status, trace elements and delta B-11

Mytilus edulis were cultured for 3 months under six different seawater pCO(2) levels ranging from 380 to 4000 mu atm. Specimen were taken from Kiel Fjord (Western Baltic Sea, Germany) which is a habitat with high and variable seawater pCO(2) and related shifts in carbonate system speciation (e. g., low pH and low CaCO3 saturation state). Hemolymph (HL) and extrapallial fluid (EPF) samples were analyzed for pH and total dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T) to calculate pCO(2) and [HCO3-]. A second experiment was conducted for 2 months with three different pCO(2) levels (380, 1400 and 4000 mu atm). Boron isotopes (delta B-11) were investigated by LA-MC-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation-Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) in shell portions precipitated during experimental treatment time. Additionally, elemental ratios (B/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) in the EPF of specimen from the second experiment were measured via ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry). Extracellular pH was not significantly different in HL and EPF but systematically lower than ambient water pH. This is due to high extracellular pCO(2) values, a prerequisite for metabolic CO2 excretion. No accumulation of extracellular [HCO3-] was measured. Elemental ratios (B/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) in the EPF increased slightly with pH which is in accordance with increasing growth and calcification rates at higher seawater pH values. Boron isotope ratios were highly variable between different individuals but also within single shells. This corresponds to a high individual variability in fluid B/Ca ratios and may be due to high boron concentrations in the organic parts of the shell. The mean delta B-11 value shows no trend with pH but appears to represent internal pH (EPF) rather than ambient water pH

Antydyskryminacja. Pakiet Edukacyjny

Pakiet edukacyjny Antydyskryminacja opracowany w ramach programu PHARE 2002 PL 2002/000-605/01.02 Wzmocnienie polityki antydyskryminacyjnej w Polsce, wprowadza zagadnienia równości i przeciwdziałania dyskryminacji do działań edukacyjnych podejmowanych przez nauczycieli, edukatorów i przedstawicieli organizacji pozarządowych. Publikacja stanowi doskonałą bazę merytoryczną do prowadzenia szkoleń dotyczących tematyki antydyskryminacyjnej oraz promowania polityki równego traktowania. Publikacja sfinansowana z funduszy Unii Europejskiej

"… das man hinfüro guettes Pier gnueg habe". Brauereien, Wirtshäuser und Bierkeller in Hemau und Umgebung

Hemau kann auf eine lange Brautradition zurückblicken. Seit dem 12. Jahrhundert an der viel befahrenen Handelsstraße von Wien über Regensburg und Nürnberg nach Frankfurt gelegen, war die Stadt auf dem Tangrintel rasch zu einem regionalen Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungszentrum aufgestiegen. Um die vielen Gäste aus nah und fern versorgen zu können, entstanden im Laufe der Zeit zahlreiche Gastwirtschaften. Um 1860 kamen auf 264 Anwesen mit 1416 Einwohnern immerhin 24 Wirtshäuser. Nachdem die meisten Wirte ihr Bier über Jahrhunderte im städtischen Kommunbrauhaus gebraut hatten, wurden im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht nur eine ganze Reihe von neuen Privatbrauereien errichtet, sondern auch neue Sommerbierkeller, meist in Verbindung mit Biergärten und Kegelbahnen. Der Band informiert über die Geschichte des Brauwesens der Stadt Hemau und der Brauereien in deren Umland. Darüber hinaus bietet er eine umfangreiche Dokumentation der ehemaligen Hemauer Brauereien, Wirtshäuser und Bierkeller

Markers of cholesterol synthesis to cholesterol absorption across the spectrum of non-dialysis CKD: An observational study

In dialysis patients, cholesterol-lowering therapy with statins is less effective than in other high-risk patients. This may be explained by a shift from cholesterol synthesis toward cholesterol absorption. In line, markers of cholesterol absorption-such as campesterol-better predict atherosclerotic cardiovascular events than markers of cholesterol synthesis-such as lathosterol-in dialysis patients. To test the association between markers of cholesterol absorption such as campesterol-and markers of cholesterol synthesis-such as lathosterol-against cardiovascular events in non-dialysis CKD patients. Altogether 251 patients those not on lipid-lowering agents were followed annually for the composite endpoint atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and all-cause death. During follow-up of 5.2 ± 2.1 years, 61 participants reached the primary endpoint atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease/all-cause death [ASCVD/D], 47 participants suffered from ASCVD, and 46 participants died. In univariate Cox regression analysis, campesterol/lathosterol ratio did not significantly predict ASCVD/D (HR 0.643; 0.358-1.155; 3rd vs. 1st tertile), all-cause death (HR 1.309; 0.604-2.838; 3rd vs. 1st tertile) nor ASCVD (HR 0.589; 0.311-1.118; 3rd vs. 1st tertile). We did not observe a shift from cholesterol synthesis to cholesterol absorption across the spectrum of non-dialysis CKD. Campesterol/lathosterol ratio did not predict future ASCVD or all-cause death in non-dialysis CKD

Quantification of large and middle proteins of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as a novel tool for the identification of inactive HBV carriers

Objective Among individuals with chronic hepatitis B, those with hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis (CHB) can be difficult to distinguish from those with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection, also referred to as inactive HBV carriers (ICs), but both require different medical management. The level of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) has been proposed as a marker to discriminate between chronic infection and hepatitis stages. HBsAg consists of large, middle and small HBs. The aim of this study was to determine whether the composition of HBsAg improved the identification of ICs among HBsAg-positive subjects with different phases of HBV infections. Design HBV large surface proteins (LHBs) and HBV middle surface proteins (MHBs) were quantified in serum samples from 183 clinically well-characterised untreated patients with acute (n=14) HBV infection, ICs (n=44), CHBs (n=46), chronic HBeAg-positive phase (n=68) and hepatitis delta coinfection (n=11) using an ELISA, with well-defined monoclonal antibodies against the preS1 domain (LHBs) and the preS2-domain (MHBs). A Western blot analysis was used to verify the quantitation of the components of HBsAg. Total HBsAg was quantified using a modified commercially available assay (HBsAg V. 6.0, Enzygnost, Siemens, Erlangen). Results The composition of HBsAg showed specific patterns across different phases of hepatitis B. Individuals in the IC phase had significantly lower proportions of LHBs and MHBs than patients in acute or chronic phases irrespective of their HBV e-antigen status (p< 0.0001) or HBsAg level. Both LHBs and MHBs ratios better predicted the IC phase than total HBsAg levels. Conclusion Quantification of MHBs, particularly LHBs represents a novel tool for the identification of the IC stage

Eine batchfähige Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von Schmelzklebstoffen

Die hier vorgestellten Arbeiten des Teilprojekts B8 aus dem SFB 516 „Konstruktion und Fertigung aktiver Mikrosysteme“ befassen sich mit der Montage aktiver Mikrosysteme. Dabei werden sensorgeführte Montageprozes se sowie die Verbindungstechnik auf Basis von nicht-viskosen Klebstoffsystemen (Schmelzklebstoffen) entwi ckelt. Bei diesen Entwicklungen wird der Fokus auf die Automatisierbarkeit, die Prozessgeschwindigkeit und die Anwendbarkeit in Batchprozessen gelegt. In diesem Beitrag werden batchfähige Applikationstechniken für den Auftrag von Schmelzklebstoffen, ein System für die sensorgeführte Montage sowie ein Montageprozess von schmelzklebstoffbeschichteten Mikrobauteilen am Beispiel der Montage eines Mikrolinearaktors vorgestellt

Transforming Growth Factor β1 Oppositely Regulates the Hypertrophic and Contractile Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation in the Heart

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine activation and local mediators such as transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) contribute to the pathobiology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We aimed to characterize the functional network involving TGF-β₁, the renin-angiotensin system, and the β-adrenergic system in the heart. METHODS: Transgenic mice overexpressing TGF-β₁ (TGF-β₁-Tg) were treated with a β-blocker, an AT₁-receptor antagonist, or a TGF-β-antagonist (sTGFβR-Fc), were morphologically characterized. Contractile function was assessed by dobutamine stress echocardiography in vivo and isolated myocytes in vitro. Functional alterations were related to regulators of cardiac energy metabolism. RESULTS: Compared to wild-type controls, TGF-β₁-Tg mice displayed an increased heart-to-body-weight ratio involving both fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy. TGF-β₁ overexpression increased the hypertrophic responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, the inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation was diminished in TGF-β₁-Tg mice, albeit unchanged basal contractility. Treatment with sTGF-βR-Fc completely prevented the cardiac phenotype in transgenic mice. Chronic β-blocker treatment also prevented hypertrophy and ANF induction by isoprenaline, and restored the inotropic response to β-adrenergic stimulation without affecting TGF-β₁ levels, whereas AT₁-receptor blockade had no effect. The impaired contractile reserve in TGF-β₁-Tg mice was accompanied by an upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) which was reversed by β-adrenoceptor blockade. UCP-inhibition restored the contractile response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Finally, cardiac TGF-β₁ and UCP expression were elevated in heart failure in humans, and UCP--but not TGF-β₁--was downregulated by β-blocker treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the concept that TGF-β₁ acts downstream of angiotensin II in cardiomyocytes, and furthermore, highlight the critical role of the β-adrenergic system in TGF-β₁-induced cardiac phenotype. Our data indicate for the first time, that TGF-β₁ directly influences mitochondrial energy metabolism by regulating UCP3 expression. β-blockers may act beneficially by normalizing regulatory mechanisms of cellular hypertrophy and energy metabolism

Porcine model elucidates function of p53 isoform in carcinogenesis and reveals novel circTP53 RNA

Recent years have seen an increasing number of genetically engineered pig models of human diseases including cancer. We previously generated pigs with a modified TP53 allele that carries a Cre-removable transcriptional stop signal in intron 1, and an oncogenic mutation TP53R167H (orthologous to human TP53R175H) in exon 5. Pigs with the unrecombined mutant allele (flTP53R167H) develop mainly osteosarcoma but also nephroblastomas and lymphomas. This observation suggested that TP53 gene dysfunction is itself the key initiator of bone tumorigenesis, but raises the question which aspects of the TP53 regulation lead to the development of such a narrow tumour spectrum. Molecular analysis of p53 revealed the presence of two internal TP53 promoters (Pint and P2) equivalent to those found in human. Consequently, both pig and human express TP53 isoforms. Data presented here strongly suggest that P2-driven expression of the mutant R167H-Δ152p53 isoform (equivalent to the human R175H-Δ160p53 isoform) and its circular counterpart circTP53 determine the tumour spectrum and play a critical role in the malignant transformation in flTP53R167H pigs. The detection of Δ152p53 isoform mRNA in serum is indicative of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we showed a tissue-specific p53-dependent deregulation of the p63 and p73 isoforms in these tumours. This study highlights important species-specific differences in the transcriptional regulation of TP53. Considering the similarities of TP53 regulation between pig and human, these observations provide useful pointers for further investigation into isoform function including the novel circTP53 in both the pig model and human patients.ISSN:0950-9232ISSN:1476-559