39 research outputs found

    Classification dirigée de données de télédétection radar et d'un modÚle numérique d'altitude pour la cartographie des formations meubles dans la région de l'Abitibi, Québec

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    A large proportion of Québec and Canada is uninhabited and located in a boreal environment. Maps of superficial deposits of these regions are often produced at small scales, resulting in poor precision. Some studies have proved the utility of radar images for Quaternary mapping. The use of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) may also be advantageous.A supervised classification has been performed using textural features from the radar scenes and a DEM on a test site in theAbitibi region in Quebec. The study is based on the fact that the vegetation cover affects the radar backscatter, and that topographic changes on a relatively flat terrain illustrate the distribution of surficial deposits. Comparison between the improved base map of surficial deposits and the classification results shows 65 to 70% similarity. Texture analysis proved to be essential for better discriminating certain classes. These are encouraging results, however, the remaining 30 to 35% inaccuracy can be explained by mainly two factors. First, we were unable to perform perfect geobotanical associations because of the difficulty in discriminating forest types by C-HH radar data. Second, the association between the slope and the surficial deposit was also imperfect

    Renforcement à l'effort tranchant des dalles épaisses en béton armé en conditions de service

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    Avec l’évolution des normes de conception Ă  l’effort tranchant, les sollicitations grandissantes sur les infrastructures et la dĂ©gradation des matĂ©riaux face aux conditions environnementales, quantitĂ© d’infrastructures sont appelĂ©es Ă  ĂȘtre rĂ©habilitĂ©es afin d’offrir une marge de sĂ©curitĂ© suffisante. Le renforcement Ă  l’effort tranchant des dalles Ă©paisses avec barres ancrĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’époxy, qui se veut une mĂ©thode prometteuse de rĂ©habilitation des structures, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© dans la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie. Dans la pratique, compte-tenu des efforts importants qui sollicitent parfois les dalles au moment de l’installation du renforcement, il est sensĂ© de croire que l’efficacitĂ© de ce dernier puisse ĂȘtre diminuĂ©e par les dĂ©formations et la fissuration prĂ©sentes dans la dalle. Afin d’investiguer l’effet de l’intensitĂ© de l’effort tranchant au moment d’un renforcement avec barres transversales ancrĂ©es sur la performance structurale d’une dalle post-renforcĂ©e, une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale et numĂ©rique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Dans le volet expĂ©rimental, cinq (5) tranches de dalle Ă©paisses ont Ă©tĂ© fabriquĂ©es. Les dalles ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es par flexion trois-points en induisant divers niveaux d’effort tranchant dans les dalles au moment de procĂ©der au renforcement. Suite au renforcement, le chargement des dalles s’est poursuivi jusqu’à l’atteinte de leur capacitĂ© ultime Ă  l’effort tranchant. Dans le volet numĂ©rique, un modĂšle numĂ©rique d’abord Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ© au moyen du logiciel VecTorMD afin de reprĂ©senter le comportement des dalles testĂ©es expĂ©rimentalement. L’effet de l’effort tranchant au moment du renforcement et de l’élancement sur la performance de dalles post-renforcĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© investiguĂ© Ă  travers une Ă©tude paramĂ©trique. Il en ressort qu’en prĂ©sence de charges de service usuelles, le renforcement Ă  l’effort tranchant d’une dalle Ă©paisse avec barres ancrĂ©es offre un gain de rĂ©sistance considĂ©rable, comparable Ă  ce qui est obtenu lors du renforcement d’une dalle non-chargĂ©e. Toutefois, la contribution des barres transversales et du bĂ©ton Ă  la rĂ©sistance ultime est modifiĂ©e, pour une dalle renforcĂ©e Ă  des charges significativement Ă©levĂ©es.With improved design standards, increasing demands on infrastructure and material degradation in the face of environmental conditions, many infrastructures need to be improved to provide sufficient safety margin. The shear strengthening of thick concrete slabs with epoxy-anchored bars, which is a promising method for structural improvement, has been studied in the last decade. In practice, given the significant loads that slabs may bear at the time of strengthening, it is reasonable to believe that the effectiveness of the latter may be reduced by the deformation and cracking present in the slab. In order to investigate the effect of the shear load at the time of strengthening with anchored transverse bars on the structural performance of a post-strengthened slab, an experimental and numerical study has been carried out. For the experimental part, five (5) slices of thick slab were fabricated. The slabs were tested by a three-point bending test where shear load levels were induced in the slabs at the time of strengthening. Following strengthening, the slabs were loaded up to shear failure. For the numerical study, a finite element model was first developed using the VecTorTM software to represent the behavior of the experimentally tested slabs. The effect of shear load at the time of strengthening and slenderness on post-strengthened slab performance was investigated through a parametric study. The results show that in the presence of usual service loads, the shear strengthening of thick slabs with anchored bars offers a considerable resistance gain, similar to that executed on an unloaded slab. However, for slabs strengthened at sufficiently high loads, the contribution to the ultimate strength of transverse bars and concrete is rearranged

    Étude de l'usinabilitĂ© par Ă©lectroĂ©rosion des alliages d'aluminium Ă  faible coefficient de dilatation thermique pour application spatiale

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    L’alliage d’aluminium 6061-T6 prĂ©sentement utilisĂ© pour la fabrication de composantes de radiofrĂ©quence embarquĂ©es sur les satellites de tĂ©lĂ©communication prĂ©sente une forte propension typique des alliages d’aluminium Ă  se dilater sous l’effet de la chaleur. Sachant qu’un satellite de tĂ©lĂ©communication est quotidiennement exposĂ© Ă  une variation de tempĂ©rature de l’ordre de 300 °C, ses performances s’en trouvent inĂ©vitablement affectĂ©es. Pour pallier ce problĂšme, le remplacement de ce matĂ©riau par un alliage d’aluminium Ă  faible coefficient de dilatation thermique est dĂ©sirĂ©. Seulement, il apparaĂźt qu’un manque flagrant d’information quant Ă  l’usinabilitĂ© par Ă©lectroĂ©rosion par enfonçage de ces alliages d’aluminium Ă  trĂšs haute teneur en silicium rend incertaine la possibilitĂ© les usiner efficacement. L’objectif de ce projet est, d’abord, de valider les propriĂ©tĂ©s rĂ©elles de trois alliages d’aluminium-silicium prĂ©sents sur le marchĂ©, soit le ALM-450 de la firme Adamco (USA) et le MS43 et MS61 de la firme AMT Technologies (Allemagne) et de sĂ©lectionner celui prĂ©sentant les meilleures performances globales. Le matĂ©riau optimal sĂ©lectionnĂ©, l’optimisation du procĂ©dĂ© d’électroĂ©rosion en vue de garantir l’obtention d’un fini de surface prĂ©cis et d’un temps d’usinage minimum est rĂ©alisĂ©e. Le procĂ©dĂ© d’électroĂ©rosion Ă©tant gĂ©rĂ© par au minimum dix paramĂštres, un premier plan d’expĂ©rience est rĂ©alisĂ© avec pour objectif de dĂ©terminer lesquels de ces paramĂštres affectent significativement quatre rĂ©ponses, soit le taux d’enlĂšvement de matiĂšre, le taux de formation du rayon d’électrode, la hauteur moyenne arithmĂ©tique du profil et la distance vallĂ©e-crĂȘte maximale du profil. L’analyse de la variance de ce plan de type Plackett-Burman (12 essais + 4 points centraux) a permis de determiner que des dix paramĂštres Ă©tudiĂ©s, cinq seulement affectent de maniĂšre significative les rĂ©ponses. Une fois ces cinq paramĂštres importants dĂ©terminĂ©s (durĂ©e d’un arc Ă©lectrique, dĂ©lai entre deux arcs, courant de dĂ©charge, dĂ©lai entre deux sĂ©ries d’arcs et tension), un second plan d’expĂ©rience (demi-fraction d’un plan factoriel, 16 essais + 2 points centraux) a permis de gĂ©nĂ©rer des modĂšles prĂ©dictifs pour les quatre rĂ©ponses. Finalement, une mĂ©thodologie permettant d’optimiser un programme d’usinage initialement gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© par le contrĂŽleur du systĂšme d’électroĂ©rosion est proposĂ©e

    Shear strengthening of thick concrete slabs accounting for loading during strengthening

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    In order to investigate the effect of the serviceshear load at the time of strengthening a thick slab using bonded transverse reinforcing bars, an experimental study has been carried out.Five (5)beams representing slices of a thick slab were tested to induce different shear load levels in the beamsat the time of strengthening then loaded up to shear failure. Tests were conducted on a slab without shear reinforcement and the others on slabs strengthened at two different load levels at the time of strengthening. The added shear reinforcement was distributed according to two different longitudinal spacings. The results show that,even in the presence of usual service loads, the shear strengthening of thick slabs with bondedbars offers a considerable increase in shear capacity compared to a thick slab without shear reinforcement

    Thick concrete slab bridges : study of shear strengthening

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    Efficient shear strengthening techniques for thick concrete slabs were studied at Université Laval over the last decade. The strengthening techniques consist of adding drilled-in vertical reinforcing bars and to anchor the bars with bolted plates or expansion anchorage at the bar extremities (i.e. the bars are unbonded to the concrete), or to bond the bars to the concrete with high strength epoxy adhesive (no mechanical anchorage). For concrete members with unbonded bars, experimental loading tests and numerical analysis showed that large diagonal shear cracks are required to activate the shear reinforcement and therefore, the shear behaviour of the members is largely influenced by the stiffness of the strengthening. For specimens with epoxy bonded bars, results showed that the development length of the bars is determined by the locations of the shear cracks and thus, bars may debond before reaching their yielding strength. The efficiency of the shear strengthening techniques is therefore largely influenced by the bars spacing and the stiffness of unbonded shear reinforcement

    Transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tCDS) after subacromial injections in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study

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    Background: Subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) is a common complaint in orthopaedics. Subacromial corticosteroid injections (CSI) can relieve pain in the short term. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) has been used for symptomatic pain relief in a variety of chronic pain conditions. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether the application a-tDCS could enhance the symptomatic relief provided by CSI in patients affected by SAPS. Methods: Thirty-eight participants (18 to 65-year-old) suffering from SAPS were recruited to have a CSI and randomly allocated to receive, 1 weeks post CSI, real a-tDCS (r-tDCS), sham tDCS (s-tDCS) or no intervention (Control). Upper limb function was measured 1 week prior to the CSI, at the 2- and 4-week follow-ups using self-administered questionnaires and physical measures. Self-reported pain and activity during each day were logged by the participants using visual analog scales (VAS). Differences between groups were tested using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: Pain VAS and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation scale (SANE) showed significant improvement from baseline 2 weeks and 4 weeks after CSI in all groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant group X time interaction 2 weeks following tDCS treatment in any of the variables. Conclusion: All groups showed significant improvement in pain VAS and SANE scores following the CSI. One session of a-tDCS treatment 2 weeks following CSI did not result in any additive or potentializing effects when compared to a s-tDCS or a control group

    The ARIA-MASK-airÂź approach

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    Funding Information: The authors thank Ms VĂ©ronique Pretschner for submitting the paper. MASK‐air has been supported by CharitĂ© UniversitĂ€tsmedizin Berlin, EU grants (EU Structural and Development Funds Languedoc Roussillon and Region PACA; POLLAR: EIT Health; Twinning: EIP on AHA; Twinning DHE: H2020; Catalyse: Horizon Europe) and educational grants from Mylan‐Viatris, ALK, GSK, Novartis, StallergĂšnes‐Greer and Uriach. None for the study. Âź Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.MASK-airÂź, a validated mHealth app (Medical Device regulation Class IIa) has enabled large observational implementation studies in over 58,000 people with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. It can help to address unmet patient needs in rhinitis and asthma care. MASK-airÂź is a Good Practice of DG SantĂ© on digitally-enabled, patient-centred care. It is also a candidate Good Practice of OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). MASK-airÂź data has enabled novel phenotype discovery and characterisation, as well as novel insights into the management of allergic rhinitis. MASK-airÂź data show that most rhinitis patients (i) are not adherent and do not follow guidelines, (ii) use as-needed treatment, (iii) do not take medication when they are well, (iv) increase their treatment based on symptoms and (v) do not use the recommended treatment. The data also show that control (symptoms, work productivity, educational performance) is not always improved by medications. A combined symptom-medication score (ARIA-EAACI-CSMS) has been validated for clinical practice and trials. The implications of the novel MASK-airÂź results should lead to change management in rhinitis and asthma.publishersversionpublishe

    ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

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    Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed

    « Avec l'espace, il y a le trou. Il y eut le trou » : Deuil et habiter dans L'Occupation des sols de Jean Echenoz

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    Le roman L'Occupation des sols (1988) de Jean Echenoz prĂ©sente des personnages qui pratiquent et investissent les lieux de maniĂšre Ă©troitement liĂ©e au processus de deuil qu'ils traversent. Nous voudrions montrer que ce rĂ©cit rejoint les considĂ©rations de Lacan sur l’habitat langagier et en prolonge la portĂ©e par l'intermĂ©diaire de procĂ©dĂ©s littĂ©raires propres Ă  l’esthĂ©tique postmoderne. En effet, la spatialisation du deuil qu’il prĂ©sente souligne le rĂŽle du manque et de l'image dans l'habiter, rendu sensible par une logique de trous et de pleins qui fait ressortir le non-dit du texte. L’omniprĂ©sence de l'image maternelle, sous la forme d’une fresque publicitaire montrant la mĂšre dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©e, semble rĂ©vĂ©ler, en creux, un fĂ©minin qui rappelle la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’un Autre dĂ©sirant dans l'Ă©laboration de l'habiter. La superposition ironique du fĂ©minin et de l'image maternelle, en jouant sur la reprĂ©sentation, permet Ă  la fois de mettre Ă  distance et de se dĂ©lecter d’un motif convenu, qui associe le maternel et le bĂąti, dont la qualitĂ© enveloppante reposerait sur la situation initiale de l'humain dans la matrice. Or l'image de la mĂšre, trouĂ©e par un soupirail, laisse la possibilitĂ© aux personnages, quoique lĂ©gĂšrement, d'habiter et de cheminer dans leur deuil.The novel L'Occupation des sols (1988) by Jean Echenoz presents characters that interact with and move into places is a way closely linked to the mourning they are going through. In this paper, we wish to show that this narrative meets Lacan's considerations on the language habitat and take it further through postmodern narrative aesthetics. It presents a spatialization of mourning that stresses the role of lack and image in the way we inhabit the world, made evident by a gap/filled dynamic which indicates the unspoken of the text. The pervasiveness of the maternal image, materialized as an advertisement showing the deceased mother, seems to reveal a feminine reminescent of the need for a desiring Other in the inhabiting process. The ironic superposition of the feminine and the maternal image, by playing with representation, allows both pleasure in and distance from a common trope that associates the maternal with the built environment, which gets its enveloping quality from the initial situation of the human in the womb. Yet, the maternal image, pierced by a window, makes inhabiting possible for the characters, although lightly, and to progress in their mourning

    Hockey et lecture

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