487 research outputs found
POSITION OF AXIS FOR ROTATION AT THE INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT IN RATS
To elucidate whether the position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral
joint is related to the spinal curvature, the authors investigated the spinal columns of
rats. The spinal column of the rat was composed of 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 6 lumbar, 4
sacral, and 27 coccygeal vertebrae. It was observed that the position of axis for rotation
at the intervertebral joint was shifted on the superior and inferior views of the 2nd
thoracic vertebra and was next shifted on the superior and inferior views of the 10th
thoracic vertebra. X-ray examination demonstrated that lordosis was seen in the
cervical and lower 1umbar (L4-L6) spine, whereas kyphosis was seen in the thoracic and
upper lumbar (Ll-L3) spine. The present study did not support the possibility that the
position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral joint was dorsal in the spinal site of
lordosis, whereas it was ventral in the spinal site of kyphosis
SHIFT OF AXIAL POSITION FOR ROTATION AT THE INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT IN DOGS
To elucidate whether the position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral
joint is related with the spinal curvature, the authors investigated the spinal columns of
beagles. The spinal column of beagle was composed of 7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar,
3 sacral, and 19 coccygeal vertebrae. It was observed that the position of axis for
rotation at the intervertebral joint was shifted on the superior and inferior views of the
2nd thoracic vertebra and was next shifted on the superior and inferior views of the 10th
thoracic vertebra. It was suggested that in the case of beagle and Wistar rat with 13
thoracic vertebrae, the upper shift of axial position for rotation at the intervertebral joint
occurred on the superior and inferior views of the 2nd thoracic vertebra and the lower
shift of axial position for rotation at the intervertebral joint occurred on the superior and
inferior views of the 10th thoracic vertebra
母子分離ストレスが報酬探索行動に及ぼす影響と側坐核におけるドーパミンD1受容体のDNAのメチル化機構を介した発現変化について
Early-life stress has long-lasting effects on the stress response, emotions, and behavior throughout an individual’s life. Clinical reports have demonstrated that child abuse victims exhibit impairments in reward-associated behavior; yet, the mechanism for this effect remains unclear. Maternal separation (MS) or MS coupled with social isolation (SI) (MS + SI) is widely used as a model for early-life stress in rodent studies. We employed mice subjected to MS + SI to clarify the long-term effect of early-life stress on reward-seeking involving palatable foods by a conditioned place-preference (CPP) paradigm. Prior MS + SI experience decreased exploration time in a chocolate-paired compartment in adult female mice, but not in male mice. We then focused on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway associated with reward-seeking behavior and measured both mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). MS + SI female mice had significantly lower D1 receptor mRNA and protein levels than controls, whereas the expression of TH and the D2 receptor was similar in the 2 groups. All mRNA and protein levels were unchanged in MS + SI male mice. When attempting to elucidate the mechanism underlying downregulation of the D1 receptor in the NAc of MS + SI females, we found hypermethylation of the Drd1a promoter region. These results suggest that early-life stress affects reward-seeking behavior in female mice, which may be associated with the downregulation of D1 receptor in the NAc via epigenetic modification of its promoter region.博士(医学)・甲第672号・平成29年6月28日Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
AXIS FOR ROTATION AT THE INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT IN JAPANESE MONKEYS
The position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral joint was investigated
using ten Japanese monkeys. The position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral joint
was shifted from dorsal to ventral direction on the superior and inferior views of the 1st
thoracic vertebra and was next shifted from ventral to dorsal direction on the superior
and inferior views of the 10th thoracic vertebra, with some exceptions. X-ray
examination demonstrated that in the Japanese monkeys, lordosis was seen in both the
cervical and lower lumbar(L5-L7) spine, whereas kyphosis was seen in the thoracic and
upper lumbar (L1-L4) spine. Therefore, the possibility that the position of axis for
rotation at the intervertebral joint was related to the curvature of the spinal column was
not supported by the present study
AXIS FOR ROTATION AT THE INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT IN JAPANESE MONKEYS
The position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral joint was investigated
using ten Japanese monkeys. The position of axis for rotation at the intervertebral joint
was shifted from dorsal to ventral direction on the superior and inferior views of the 1st
thoracic vertebra and was next shifted from ventral to dorsal direction on the superior
and inferior views of the 10th thoracic vertebra, with some exceptions. X-ray
examination demonstrated that in the Japanese monkeys, lordosis was seen in both the
cervical and lower lumbar(L5-L7) spine, whereas kyphosis was seen in the thoracic and
upper lumbar (L1-L4) spine. Therefore, the possibility that the position of axis for
rotation at the intervertebral joint was related to the curvature of the spinal column was
not supported by the present study
Is rs34861192 or rs1862513 a more promising variant for determining plasma resistin in an aged Japanese population?
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis:expert panel discussion on the management of drug-related adverse events
Pirfenidone is currently the only approved therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, following studies demonstrating that treatment reduces the decline in lung function and improves progression-free survival. Although generally well tolerated, a minority of patients discontinue therapy due to gastrointestinal and skin-related adverse events (AEs). This review summarizes recommendations based on existing guidelines, research evidence, and consensus opinions of expert authors, with the aim of providing practicing physicians with the specific clinical information needed to educate the patient and better manage pirfenidone-related AEs with continued pirfenidone treatment. The main recommendations to help prevent and/or mitigate gastrointestinal and skin-related AEs include taking pirfenidone during (or after) a meal, avoiding sun exposure, wearing protective clothing, and applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with high ultraviolet (UV) A and UVB protection. These measures can help optimize AE management, which is key to maintaining patients on an optimal treatment dose.Correction in: Advances in Therapy, Volume 31, Issue 5, pp 575-576 , doi: 10.1007/s12325-014-0118-8</p
Search for Anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Telescope Array Experiment
We study the anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) events
collected by the Telescope Array (TA) detector in the first 40 months of
operation. Following earlier studies, we examine event sets with energy
thresholds of 10 EeV, 40 EeV, and 57 EeV. We find that the distributions of the
events in right ascension and declination are compatible with an isotropic
distribution in all three sets. We then compare with previously reported
clustering of the UHECR events at small angular scales. No significant
clustering is found in the TA data. We then check the events with E>57 EeV for
correlations with nearby active galactic nuclei. No significant correlation is
found. Finally, we examine all three sets for correlations with the large-scale
structure of the Universe. We find that the two higher-energy sets are
compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the hypothesis that UHECR
sources follow the matter distribution of the Universe (the LSS hypothesis),
while the event set with E>10 EeV is compatible with isotropy and is not
compatible with the LSS hypothesis at 95% CL unless large deflection angles are
also assumed. We show that accounting for UHECR deflections in a realistic
model of the Galactic magnetic field can make this set compatible with the LSS
hypothesis.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
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