Barriers to Practical Learning in the Field: A Qualitative Study of Iranian Nursing Students' Experiences

Background: Clinical training is an integral part of nursing education; however, some studies have shown that it is not always efficient. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the factors that can impede nursing students’ clinical learning. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected via reflective journal writing. Purposeful sampling was used, and 12 senior nursing students were recruited to the study. The data were analyzed using a content analysis method. Results: Three main categories were derived, including inappropriate communication, ineffective role models, and theory-practice gaps. Students perceived that inappropriate communication between instructors, staff members, and students had the greatest impact on student learning. The competence of clinical instructors and staff is an important factor affecting students’ training. The clinical learning environment does not always integrate theory and practice together. Conclusions: Nursing students did not experience effective clinical learning. Having expert instructors and supportive communication are important factors in creating a clinical learning environment

Nurse Caring Behaviors from Patients’ and Nurses’ Perspective: A Comparative Study

Caring is a complex concept but nevertheless with many definitions of it, unfortunately there is not agreement among researchers about the definitions of caring. As patients are the recipients of care, it is important to identify their perceptions of caring. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare nurse caring behaviors from patient's and nurse's perspective. The sample consisted of 150 patients hospitalized in Boushehr hospitals and 50 nurses caring for their patients. Data were collected using a quota sampling method and Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI). Findings showed that, there were significant differences between patients and nurses perspective in subscales including Assurance of human presence and Attentiveness to other's experience. Moreover, there was a significant difference in total scale of nurse caring behaviors between patient's and nurse's perspective (t=2.559, P=0.011). Significant difference in nurse caring behaviors between nurse and patient satisfaction implies, howbeit nurses believe that they care for patients but can't to make an estimate of their expectations. To reduce this Gap, nurses should attend to human caring and inform patients to real caring

Nurse Caring Behaviors from Patients’ and Nurses’ Perspective: A Comparative Study

Caring is a complex concept but nevertheless with many definitions of it, unfortunately there is not agreement among researchers about the definitions of caring. As patients are the recipients of care, it is important to identify their perceptions of caring. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare nurse caring behaviors from patient's and nurse's perspective. The sample consisted of 150 patients hospitalized in Boushehr hospitals and 50 nurses caring for their patients. Data were collected using a quota sampling method and Caring Behaviors Inventory (CBI). Findings showed that, there were significant differences between patients and nurses perspective in subscales including Assurance of human presence and Attentiveness to other's experience. Moreover, there was a significant difference in total scale of nurse caring behaviors between patient's and nurse's perspective (t=2.559, P=0.011). Significant difference in nurse caring behaviors between nurse and patient satisfaction implies, howbeit nurses believe that they care for patients but can't to make an estimate of their expectations. To reduce this Gap, nurses should attend to human caring and inform patients to real caring

Long-term proton pump inhibitor usage and the association with pancreatic cancer in Sweden

Background The long-term safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is increasingly questioned. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of pancreatic cancer among long-term PPI users in Sweden. Methods This population-based nationwide Swedish cohort study including 796,492 adult long-term PPI users has been used to calculate the standardized incidence rate ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer, stratifying by indications of use, age, sex, and duration of use. The risk among all 20,210 long-term H2-receptor antagonist users was assessed as comparison. Results Pancreatic cancer was found in 1733 long-term PPI users, and 25 H2-receptor antagonist users. For PPI users, the risk of pancreatic cancer was increased overall (SIRs = 2.22; 95% CI 2.12-2.32) and in all subgroup analyses, with the highest risk among PPI-users younger than 40 years (SIR = 8.90, 95% CI 4.26-16.37), and among individuals with a history of Helicobacter pylori (SIR = 2.99, 95% CI 2.54-3.49). After the first year after enrolment (during which PPI use may be because of early symptoms of pancreatic cancer), the risk remained increased over time, with SIR = 1.57 (95% CI 1.38-1.76) after 5 years. No associations were found for H2-receptor antagonists (SIR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.66-1.51). Conclusions This large study showed an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in long-term users of PPIs in Sweden, in particular among the youngest users

Barriers to Practical Learning in the Field: A Qualitative Study of Iranian Nursing Students’ Experiences

Background: Clinical training is an integral part of nursing education; however, some studies have shown that it is not always efficient. Objectives: This study aimed to find out the factors that can impede nursing students’ clinical learning. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected via reflective journal writing. Purposeful sampling was used, and 12 senior nursing students were recruited to the study. The data were analyzed using a content analysis method. Results: Three main categories were derived, including inappropriate communication, ineffective role models, and theory-practice gaps. Students perceived that inappropriate communication between instructors, staff members, and students had the greatest impact on student learning. The competence of clinical instructors and staff is an important factor affecting students’ training. The clinical learning environment does not always integrate theory and practice together. Conclusions: Nursing students did not experience effective clinical learning

Critical concentration of Glucose changes human serum albumin conformation: Circular Dichroism (CD)and UV Spectroscopyapproaches

HSA plays an important role in transporting metabolites and drugs throughout the vascular system.  In as much as its performance is very vital in the presents of different kinds of ligands at the specific body temperatures, its examination is crucial. This molecule can undergo increased glycation in diabetes. Therefore, glucose as the one of the most fundamental ligands dealing with albumin in human body is examined in this study at 100 mg/dl concentration in correspond to normal condition on human body, 175 mg/dl as a kidney glucose tolerance point and also 400 mg/dl as the critical point at the two most important temperatures in diabetic patients. Thermal conformational changes of (HSA) are important. These conformational alterations are accompanied by a mild alteration of secondary structures. For this reason, possible secondarystructural changes of HSA in presence of glucose has beeninvestigated by circular dichroism (CD) using Hepes bufferat the normal temperature 37˚C and 42˚C as a high fever condition.UV spectroscopystudies confirmed CD findings and indicate that critical concentration of glucoselead to generation of new structural feature of albumin similar to 42oC. However, as the temperature increases from 37˚C to 42˚C this process is no more capable of responding to glucose concentration changes.These results indicate that the native form of HSA is changed in the severe diabetic condition; likewise, same consequences can be achieved as the temperature arises from 37˚C to 42˚C

Valproate Effects on Chemophysical Properties of Human Serum Albumin

Albumin has a fundamental role in human body. Its main tasks in blood are to regulate osmotic blood pressure, maintaining the pH, and transporting metabolites and drugs throughout the vascular system.  Pharmacological studies of the interaction of drugs on HSA are important due to structural and functional changes of this vital protein; thus, here in this research the effect of valproate as a common drug for epilepsy disorders is evaluated in the presence of hexadecyl pyridinium bromide (HPB) as a positive surfactant in normal and fever condition. Electrochemical method was used to investigate the binding number of HPB molecules to HSA in the absence and presence of valproate by evaluating the concentration of free HPB in 37oC and 42oC temperatures. HSA affinity for valproate binding studied via ligand binding process for normal and fever temperatures. The findings indicate that, there is a significant difference in valproate binding to albumin at physiological and pathological temperatures. The consequences are the same in the presence of HPB; in other words, HSA binding tendency to HPB in the presence of valproate was totally altered because of HSA major conformational changes in fever condition. In conclusion, corrected dosage of valproate is needed for fever condition relative to normal temperature and the patients under prescription of different medications in fever condition should have different orders due to the interferences of drugs.

Herbal remedies and medicine; introducing some Iranian plants

     The overall goal of this review is to discuss the potential efficacy of herbal treatments. Plants are considered among the main sources of biologically active chemicals. Plant based drugs usage in our past decay became very renowned due to their fewer side effects and being less expensive than chemical ones. Recently, more abrupt tendency in this field has been increased. Furthermore, advances in molecular and cellular determinations revealed effective properties of these herbal components. Some plants extracts have shown multi-functional properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-amyloid, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory; further studies, besides,   are required for detailed chemical characterization and more extensive biological evaluation of the most active ingredients. In summary, herbals can be considered as novel therapeutic approach against wide range of diseases. This review article draws the attention to some species of plants possessing biological activities on human health