QATARI YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: EVALUATING QATARI GOVERNMENTAL INITIATIVES: QATARIZATION POLICY THROUGH BEDAYA CENTER

Youth unemployment in the MENA region has become a case of academic interest and debate. More specifically, youth unemployment in Qatar has become one of the most controversial challenges for the economic development of the state. However, there is still a lack of evaluation of the outcomes of the policies adopted to overcome these challenges and provide a better future for the economic development. This qualitative study evaluates the Qatarization Policy and its role in youth unemployment in the private sector. Accordingly, the study will review Qatar’s policies toward Qatari youth unemployment in the private sector through Qatarization Policy only since Qatarization is the oldest and most broad governmental initiative to balance the fragmentation of the labor market in Qatar. This study also will look into role of Bedaya center in empowering youth skills and qualifications for the private sector

Sintesis Graphene Oxide (GO) berbasis arang dengan metode liquid phase exfoliation (LPE)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis graphene oxide (GO) berbasis arang menggunakan metode Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) dengan blender selama 3 jam dan surfaktan berupa sabun cuci piring sebanyak 0,75 ml untuk mengeksfoliasi lapisan karbon. Terdapat tiga jenis arang yang digunakan, yaitu arang kayu jati, arang tempurung kelapa, dan isi pensil karbon 8B yang ada di pasaran. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), spektrofotometer UV-Vis, dan spektroskopi Raman. Hasil karakterisasi EDX menunjukkan bahwa kandungan unsur karbon (C) paling optimum terdapat pada arang kayu jati dengan nilai 90,15 Mass% atau 92,88 At%. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga sampel telah memiliki panjang gelombang yang sesuai dengan panjang gelombang GO, yaitu 220 nm – 270 nm. Hasil karakterisasi Raman menunjukkan bahwa impuritas ketiga sampel masih cukup tinggi yang ditandai dengan intensitas puncak D yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan puncak G, hal ini tidak lepas dari kualitas arang yang digunakan. Lapisan yang dihasilkan dari ketiga sampel berupa multilayer. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai energi celah pita menggunakan metode Tauc Plot diketahui bahwa ketiga sampel berada dalam rentang material semikonduktor dengan nilai energi celah pita terkecil yaitu arang kayu jati sebesar 3,23 eV

Lymphedema after breast cancer

Lymphedema is one of the most significant survivorship issues after the surgical treatment of breast cancer and in this population it has been documented to have significant quality of life consequences. It is the result of obstruction or disruption of the lymphatic system, which can occur as a consequence of tumors, surgery, trauma, and radiation therapy, and this is lead to the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissues. We report the case of a patient referred in our department after breast surgery (Patey intervention) for adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. She developed one year after completion of the treatment a swelling in the right arm, and hand, with a temporary indentation of the skin after finger pression (pitting edema). An ultra sound exam was performed and deep vein thrombosis was excluded. The patient was referred to a physical therapist for management of her lymphedema. Cancer related lymphedema is a common post treatment complication. In breast cancer patients, lymphedema has been described as an often underdiagnosed, and undertreated condition. Also, early detection of lymphedema increases the likelihood of successful treatment. Patients must be informed and conservative surgery like sentinel lymph nodes technique should be performed to reduce the risk.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Pseudomonas necrotizing fasciitis in an otherwise healthy infant

Necrotizing fasciitis is an uncommon rapidly progressing infection of soft tissue characterized by a severe inflammation of the fascia and soft tissue. The disease is associated with necrosis and subcutaneous gangrene of the inflamed tissue with systemic toxicity that carries a significant mortality unless timely diagnosed and aggressively treated. Monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an exceptionally uncommon condition with only few cases reported in the literature so far. We are reporting a six-month-old female infant who was previously healthy and who presented with necrotizing fasciitis and isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa both from the blood and tissue. The child improved after the intensive treatment

Study of patients absconding behavior in a general hospital at southern region of Iran

Background: Patients’ escape from hospital imposes a significant cost to patients as well as the health system. Besides, for these patients, exposure to adverse events (such as suicide, self-harm, violence and harm to hospital reputation) are more likely to occur compared to others. The present study aimed to determine the characteristics of the absconding patients in a general hospital through a case-control design in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 413 absconded patients as case and 413 patients as control in a large general hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. In this study, data on the case and control patients was collected from the medical records using a standard checklist in the period of 2011–3. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, through SPSS 16. Results: The finding showed that 413 patients absconded (0.50%) and mean of age in case group was 40.98 ± 16.31 years. In univariate analysis, variables of gender [Odds Ratio (OR)= 2], ward (OR= 1.22), insurance status (OR= 0.41), job status (OR= 0.34) and residence expenditure were significant. However, in multivariate analysis significant variables were age (OR adj = 0.13), gender (OR adj = 2.15), self-employment/unemployed (OR adj = 0.47), emergency/admission (OR adj = 2.14), internal/admission (OR adj = 3.16), insurance status (OR adj = 4.49) and residence expenditure (OR adj = 1.15). Conclusion: Characteristics such as middle age, male gender, no insurance coverage, inability to afford hospital expenditures and admission in emergency department make patients more likely abscond from the hospital. Therefore, it may be necessary to focus efforts on high-risk groups and increase insurance coverage in the country to prevent absconding from hospital

Myocarditis complicating Plasmodium vivax malaria.

Myocarditis complicating Plasmodium vivax malaria is an extremely rare complication. We report this development in a young girl who was diagnosed to have P. vivax malaria on the basis of peripheral smear. While undergoing antimalarial treatment, she developed respiratory distress requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and inotropic support due to cardiogenic shock secondary to myocarditis. Cardiovascular complications are well recognized with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nevertheless, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the same in Plasmodium vivax infection especially if symptoms of heart failure develop in a young patient

Attitudes of Primary Pregnant Women Toward Preference of Birth Method in Dezful, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Choosing the birth method is a major issue for pregnant women that is affected by multifaceted physiological, psychological and socio-cultural factors. Aim(s): The aim research was performed to explore factors influencing pregnant women’s attitude toward birth method. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 220 healthy nulliparous pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies without any contraindication for vaginal birth in Medical Centers of Dezful, in the south west of Iran. Data collection tool was a questionnaire for factors affecting the choice of delivery method. Differences in attitude were compared between two groups of natural vaginal delivery preference and cesarean delivery preference. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 16.0 statistic software package. Descriptive statistics were used to report percentages, mean, and standard deviation, and t-test, chi-square were applied to analyze the data. Results: During the study period, 206 primary pregnant women were examined to determine the attitudinal influencing factors the birth method preference. 131 women (64%) chose the natural delivery method and 71 women (36%) chose the cesarean delivery method. In addition, the results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the general attitude of the participants towards natural delivery (164.43 in the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) group versus 134.50 in the cesarean section (CS) group (p < 0.001)). Conclusion: There is a direct relationship between the attitude of pregnant women towards vaginal birth and the tendency to normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Also, according to the results of the study of 8 components of attitudes, counseling sessions and prenatal training sessions can be identified based on counseling needs and be guided counseling sessions more purposefully

La problématique du coût des nouvelles thérapeutiques en oncologie: qu’en-est-il du Maroc?

Le cancer est un problème majeur de santé public en Afrique. Les progrès réalisé dans le traitement des cancers ces dix dernières années est indéniable. L'émergence des thérapies ciblés en oncologie a permit de modifier l'histoire naturelle de certains cancers réputés de mauvais pronostic. En dépit de leurs efficacité, ces thérapeutiques pose un problème majeur de coût qui les rend inaccessible à la majorité des patients dans les pays en voie développement. Au Maroc, le cancer est reconnu comme a une affection de longue durée et les patients bénéficient de ce fait d'une couverture médicale totale. L'implication de la société civile a permis aussi d'améliorer la prise en charge ainsi qu'un accès plus élargi aux médicaments innovants pour les patients les plus démunis.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

La dermatomyosite paranéoplasique révélant un carcinome indifférencié du nasopharynx: à propos d’un cas

La dermatomyosite (DM) est une maladie inflammatoire d'origine inconnue qui se manifeste sous forme de myopathie associée à lésions cutanées typiques. L'association DM et cancer est fréquente (18 a 32% selon les séries). Décrite pour la première fois par Stertz en 1916 en association avec un cancer gastrique. Tous les types histologiques et toutes les localisations de cancers observés danss la population générale peuvent être associés à la DM. Son association avec le carcinome nasopharyngé (NPC) est peu décrite et de l'ordre d'un cas pour 1000 cas de cancer nasopharyngé. Nous rapportons une observation de dermatomyosite révélant un cancer du nasopharynx localement avance.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs: Learnings from the last 15 years

Background The evidence base for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has progressed rapidly from efficacy trials to real-world translational studies and practical implementation trials over the last 15 years. However, evidence for the effective implementation and translation of diabetes programs and their population impact needs to be established in ways that are different from measuring program effectiveness. We report the findings of a systematic review that focuses on identifying the critical success factors for implementing diabetes prevention programs in real-world settings. Methods A systematic review of programs aimed at diabetes prevention was undertaken in order to evaluate their outcomes using the penetration, implementation, participation, and effectiveness (PIPE) impact metric. A search for relevant articles was carried out using PubMed (March 2015) and Web of Science, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE. A quality coding system was developed and included studies were rated independently by three researchers. Results Thirty eight studies were included in the review. Almost all (92 %) provided details on participation; however, only 18 % reported the coverage of their target population (penetration). Program intensity or implementation—as measured by frequency of contacts during first year and intervention duration—was identified in all of the reported studies, and 84 % of the studies also reported implementation fidelity; however, only 18 % of studies employed quality assurance measures to assess the extent to which the program was delivered as planned. Sixteen and 26 % of studies reported ‘highly’ or ‘moderately’ positive changes (effectiveness) respectively, based on weight loss. Six (16 %) studies reported ‘high’ diabetes risk reduction but ‘low’ to ‘moderate’ weight loss only. Conclusion Our findings identify that program intensity plays a major role in weight loss outcomes. However, programs that have high uptake—both in terms of good coverage of invitees and their willingness to accept the invitation—can still have considerable impact in lowering diabetes risk in a population, even with a low intensity intervention that only leads to low or moderate weight loss. From a public health perspective, this is an important finding, especially for resource constrained settings. More use of the PIPE framework components will facilitate increased uptake of T2DM prevention programs around the world