Peran Dan Kontribusi Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) Terhadap Perokonomian Masyarakat

Salah satu persoalan serius yang dihadapi bangsa ini adalah tingkat kesenjangan ekonomi. Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) merupakan salah satu lembaga yang dijadikan sebagai wadah pemersatu dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. BUMDes berusaha mengintegrasikan program dengan masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan yang erat kaitannya dengan bidang-bidang ekonomi. Salahsatu pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui rintisan BUMDes yaitu di Desa Rancaekek Wetan Kecamatan Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung bernama BUMDes Kampung Responsif Dinamis (KRD). Kelompok ini merupakan proses pemberdayaan yang diharapkan dapat menggalang tanggung jawab bersama dalam memelihara lingkungan teruatama dalam penanggulangan sampah namun berdampak secara ekonomi. Salah satu tindakan yang dilakukan dengan menyediakan wadah bagi masyarakat itu sendiri sebagai akses untuk menuju masyarakat yang berdaya. Dengan dibentuknya rintisan BUMDes melalui program bank sampah bisa menjadi salah satu wadah yang dapat mengembangkan pendapatan masyarakat dengan cara pengelolaan sampah dengan baik. rintisan BUMDes merupakan kegiatan yang strategis guna meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah menjadi potensi ekonomi dan kebersihan lingkungan Rancaekek Wetan.Kata kunci: BUMDes, Pemberdayaan, Ekonomi, dan KR

Kompetensi Profesional Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 1 Towuti Luwu Timur

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kompetensi profesional guru pendidikan agama islam dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Towuti Luwu Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penilitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Minat belajar siswa dan pelaksanaan jam belajar tambahan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Guru dan Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Towuti Luwu Timur. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru PAI Kelas VIII dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, Yang telah menggunakan banyak jumlah rujukan, menjelaskan materi dengan baik, memancing siswa dalam bertanya dan mampu menjawab pertanyaan dari siswa dan dilihat dari sisi pelaksanaan jam belajar tambahan guru PAI dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa yaitu tersedianya sarana dan prasarana sekolah yang mendukung, Jadwal belajar PAI yang mendukung siswa kelas VIII dalam pelaksanaan jam belajar tambahan.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa  peran Profesional Guru PAI kelas VIII dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa  sudah baik . Pelaksanaannya kegiatan-kegiatan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang jadi faktor utama adalah Guru Sebagai Pendidik, Pembimbing, Motivator, Mediator, Fasilitator,dan sebagai Evaluator. Faktor pendukung dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa adalah fasilitas sekolah dan Keadaan Siswa. Adapun faktor penghambat dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yaitu, dengan Kurangnya Pendampingan Orang tua dan minimnya penghargaan terhadap prestasi siswa. Solusi guru PAI dalam mengatasi hambatan, dengan melakukan kerja sama antar guru dan orang tua dan memeberikan apresiasi kepada siswa. Kata Kunci : Kompetensi Profesional Guru , Hasil Belajar Sisw

MEMBANGUN KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA PADA PASANGAN NIKAH MUDA SEBAGAI BENTENG KETAHANAN KELUARGA

This paper aims to show that through the development of good communication will give birth to a good relationship, as well as in creating family resilience in young married couples. The method used in this paper is descriptive analytical. While this research by looking for data in the form of interviews with young married couples. As a result, several concepts are offered to create family resilience, namely mutual openness, mutual understanding, and mutual care, as well as aspects of trust, commitment, and sympathy and empathy. Communication is an important element that must exist in a relationship, including in married life. Weak communication in the family will cause divisions, disputes, and conflicts that can lead to divorce. Communication that is built well between family members will create a harmonious family, so as to avoid disputes and fights. Keywords: communication, family, family resilience, young marriage

Social determinants of Health and Alcohol consumption in the UK

  Addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) and health inequities are essential for successfully combating alcohol-related harm. In U.K, excessive consumption of alcohol is a huge public health concern. An estimated 9 million adults drink at level that increase the risk of harm to their health; 1.6 million adults in England have some degree of alcohol dependence; and of these some 250,000 are believed to be moderately or severely dependent and may benefit from intensive specialist treatment. To be able to devise effective action, it is essential to comprehend these inequities in the healthcare system. Health inequities are not solely related to access to health care services; there are many other determinants related to living and working conditions, as well as the overall macro-policies prevailing in a country. The key intention of this review was to critically analyse the degree to which social determinants have impacted on excess alcohol consumption. A comprehensive approach to reduce inequities in alcohol-related harm requires action that includes mix of long- and short-term impacts, addressing the consequences and the root causes of inequities, and acting on both individuals and environments. Whereas, consequences of harmful alcohol use are more severe for those already experiencing social exclusion. We suggest that (1) the effective legislation, (2) modifying marketing strategies, (3) enhancing cooperation with regional organizations, (4) more effectively implementing existing regulation and (5) consulting expert will enhance SDH for this vulnerable population

Pakistan-India Relations: Peace through Bilateral Trade

The idea behind this study is to identify the importance of trade in Pak-India peace process. This study emphases that trade is instrumental in achieving and maintaining peace and stability in the Indian subcontinent.  Economic interdependence promotes peace and mutual economic benefits preclude war between nations and this concept has been argued in the paper. Furthermore, considering Pakistan-India trade relations; barriers to bilateral trade; current trade volume; measures needed to be adopted for improving bilateral trade and its role in Indo-Pak peace negotiations, territorial and border disputes and peace settlement have been analyzed. It is, therefore, concluded that trade can play a soft and positive role in conflict resolution between the two long standing adversaries. Key Words: Trade Relations, Peace Process, Economic Factors, Most Favored Nation Status, Bilateral Ties

Code-Switched Urdu ASR for Noisy Telephonic Environment using Data Centric Approach with Hybrid HMM and CNN-TDNN

Call Centers have huge amount of audio data which can be used for achieving valuable business insights and transcription of phone calls is manually tedious task. An effective Automated Speech Recognition system can accurately transcribe these calls for easy search through call history for specific context and content allowing automatic call monitoring, improving QoS through keyword search and sentiment analysis. ASR for Call Center requires more robustness as telephonic environment are generally noisy. Moreover, there are many low-resourced languages that are on verge of extinction which can be preserved with help of Automatic Speech Recognition Technology. Urdu is the $10^{th}$ most widely spoken language in the world, with 231,295,440 worldwide still remains a resource constrained language in ASR. Regional call-center conversations operate in local language, with a mix of English numbers and technical terms generally causing a "code-switching" problem. Hence, this paper describes an implementation framework of a resource efficient Automatic Speech Recognition/ Speech to Text System in a noisy call-center environment using Chain Hybrid HMM and CNN-TDNN for Code-Switched Urdu Language. Using Hybrid HMM-DNN approach allowed us to utilize the advantages of Neural Network with less labelled data. Adding CNN with TDNN has shown to work better in noisy environment due to CNN's additional frequency dimension which captures extra information from noisy speech, thus improving accuracy. We collected data from various open sources and labelled some of the unlabelled data after analysing its general context and content from Urdu language as well as from commonly used words from other languages, primarily English and were able to achieve WER of 5.2% with noisy as well as clean environment in isolated words or numbers as well as in continuous spontaneous speech.Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables, preprin

PAKISTAN-INDIA RELATIONS: PEACE THROUGH BILATERAL TRADE

The idea behind this study is to identify the importance of trade in Pak-India peace process. This study emphases that trade is instrumental in achieving and maintaining peace and stability in the Indian subcontinent. Economic interdependence promotes peace and mutual economic benefits preclude war between nations and this concept has been argued in the paper. Furthermore, considering Pakistan-India trade relations; barriers to bilateral trade; current trade volume; measures needed to be adopted for improving bilateral trade and its role in Indo-Pak peace negotiations, territorial and border disputes and peace settlement have been analyzed. It is, therefore, concluded that trade can play a soft and positive role in conflict resolution between the two long standing adversaries

Hepatitis C virus genotypes circulating in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw, Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide and its subtypes/genotypes are clinically important for clinical management and vaccine development. The present study describes frequency distribution of different HCV genotypes and their treatment status in HCV RNA positive patients from district Swat. A total of 185 HCV infected sera were analyzed by molecular genotyping assay. The most prevalent genotype was 3a (34.1%), followed by 2a (8.1%), 3b (7%) and 1a (5.4%). The samples found untypable by the present method of genotypes was 37.8% while, patients with mixed genotype infections were 7.6%. More than 80% of untypable cases were from those HCV patients who had received interferon plus ribavirin standard therapy in the past and either were non-responders and were relapsed thereafter or were under treatment. In conclusion, genotype 3a is the most prevalent HCV genotype in the region. A high prevalence rate of untypable genotypes is present in treated patients that need further investigation for the successful genotyping by developing new assays or using viral sequencing method

Factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care among married women of reproductive age in the Rural Thatta, Pakistan: Findings from a community-based case-control study

Background: There are differences in antenatal care (ANC) utilization between urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Although multiple factors have been studied affecting the utilization of general health care services, the effect of road network distance particularly on the utilization of ANC has not been assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between road network distance from a health care facility and utilization of the ANC among women of reproductive age in Thatta Pakistan.Methods: A community-based case-control study was conducted in district Thatta, Pakistan. Women who did not utilize ANC services during their last pregnancy were considered as cases, while controls were the women who utilized ANC services during their last pregnancy. Questions related to socio-demographic, access-related factors and utilization of ANC were asked from women. Road network distance was calculated from the women\u27s home to the health care facility providing ANC services. Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results: A total of 380 participants were interviewed in this study. Participants\u27 mean age and parity were 28 years (SD 5.65), and 3.5 (SD 2.6) respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that women living at a shorter distance of less than 5 km were 1.21 times likely to utilize ANC services [Adjusted OR. 1.21; 95% CI (0.49-2.99)]. Moreover, nulliparous women were 4.10 times likely to utilize antenatal care [Adjusted OR. 4.10; 95% CI (1.10-15.26)]. Similarly, women who had knowledge of antennal care were 6.60 times likely to utilize ANC services [Adjusted OR. 6.60; 95% CI (3.33-13.05)]. Women having electricity in their households were 3.15 times likely to utilize the ANC services [Adjusted OR. 3.11 95% CI (1.51-6.41)]. Women, living in well-constructed (Pakka) houses were 2.58 times likely to utilize the ANC services [Adjusted O.R: 2.58; 95% CI (1.15-5.82)].Conclusion: Road network distance has no measurable impact on ANC utilization among married women in Thatta district, Pakistan. Nulliparous women having knowledge of ANC living in well-constructed houses equipped with electricity were found to be utilizers of ANC services. It is recommended that awareness and health education sessions should be arranged for pregnant women in rural Pakistan