Effect of Lamotrigine on Prophylaxis of Pediatric Classic Migraine

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the preventive effect of lamotringine on migraine aura and migraine attacks in children, afflicted with classic migraine.Material & MethodsConducted between October 2005 and April 2008 in the neurology clinic of Kashani hospital,  Shahrekord, this study was a clinical trial, aimed at evaluating the prophylactic effects of Lamotringine administered to 21 children suffering from migraine with aura.ResultsOf the subjects, 52.4% of patients were female. The most common type of aura was visual (42.9%). Following use of Lamotrigine, significant reductions were seen in the frequency (from 5 ± 0.83 to 3.04 ± 1.65) and in intensity (from 6. 33 ± 1.08 to 3.66 ± 1.1) of migraine aura (P= 0.002). After 6 months of drug usage 66.6% of patients were improved.ConclusionLamotringine is effective in reducing the migraine aura and intensity of attacks in patients suffering from migraine with aura, and is hence beneficial for prophylactic therapy in children with classic migraine.

Design and preliminary evaluation of a new ankle foot orthosis on kinetics and kinematics parameters for multiple sclerosis patients

Background: The damage of the central nervous system due to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) leads to many walking disorders in this population. However, current ankle-foot orthoses prescribed for improving walking disorders for these patients are not clinically cost-efficient. Objective: This study aimed to design and fabricate a dynamic ankle foot orthosis and a new spring-damper joint mechanism that could adapt the walking problems of MS patients and evaluate the immediate effect of the new orthosis on the speed, range of motion, moment, total work and ground reaction force during walking. Material and Methods: In this case-series study, after the design and fabrication of a new orthosis, the kinetics and kinematics of walking of four patients with MS were assessed in a case series study. Results: Walking speed improved with the new orthosis in two participants. The sagittal range of motion (ROM) increased for most of the participants. The sagittal moments increased for hip, knee and ankle joints in most of the measurements. The total joint work showed noticeable difference in the ankle joint. The increased values of vertical component of the ground reaction force (VGRF) were negligible and the increase in the impulse of VGRF was noticeable for only one participant. Conclusion: The new orthosis had positive effects kinetic and kinematic parameters of walking such as the increased velocity by two subjects and also a more normal sagittal ROM, moment and work, suggesting the potential usefulness of the new orthotic device for MS population. © 2020, Shriaz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Incidence, mortality, and burden of hepatitis B and C and geographical distribution in Iran during 2008-2015

Background: This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, and burden of Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) viruses and their trends from 2008 to 2015. Methods: The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALYs) index was applied to calculate the burden of the diseases by age, sex, time, and locations. The incidence and demographic data were obtained from HBV and HCV surveillance system, and the data on natural history was extracted from the cohort studies; moreover, the data on the standard life expectancy was obtained from the Iranian life table 2016. The two values of 0.03 and 21.5 yr were set as the discount rate and mean standard duration of the disease for both types of hepatitis. Results: The burden of HBV decreased from 13735 to 78277.6 yr, but there was an increase in the burden of HCV from 5174 to 14395 yr over the studied period. The burden of both types of hepatitis was higher among males than females. The incidence of HBV increased from 46611 to 22996 cases, and the incidence of HCV increased from 1210 to 3939 cases. The HBV decreased from 1925 to 1394 cases; however, the number of deaths caused by HCV increased from 197 to 583 cases over the studied period. The share of YLLs raised from 5 to 10 for HBV whereas it changed from 23 to 62 for HCV over the studied years. Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, and Golestan had the highest and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kurdistan, and Kermanshah had the lowest adjusted burden of HBV per 1000 population. Conclusion: Although the incidence, mortality, and burden of HBV declined over the eight studied years, these values increased dramatically for HCV. © 2019, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved

Olfactory function following open rhinoplasty: A 6-month follow-up study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients undergoing any type of nasal surgery may experience degrees of postoperative olfactory dysfunction. We sought to investigate "when" the olfactory function recovers to its preoperative levels.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this cohort design, 40 of 65 esthetic open rhinoplasty candidates with equal gender distribution, who met the inclusion criteria, were assessed for their olfactory function using the Smell Identification Test (SIT) with 40 familiar odors in sniffing bottles. All the patients were evaluated for the SIT scores preoperatively and postoperatively (at week 1, week 6, and month 6).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At postoperative week one, 87.5% of the patients had anosmia, and the rest exhibited at least moderate levels of hyposmia. The anosmia, which was the dominant pattern at postoperative week 1, resolved and converted to various levels of hyposmia, so that no one at postoperative week 6 showed any such complain. At postoperative week six, 85% of the subjects experienced degrees of hyposmia, almost all being mild to moderate. At postoperative six month, the olfactory function had already reverted to the preoperative levels: no anosmia or moderate to severe hyposmia. A repeated ANOVA was indicative of significant differences in the olfactory function at the different time points. According to our post hoc Benfronney, the preoperative scores had a significant difference with those at postoperative week 1, week 6, but not with the ones at month 6.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Esthetic open rhinoplasty may be accompanied by some degrees of postoperative olfactory dysfunction. Patients need a time interval of 6 weeks to 6 months to fully recover their baseline olfactory function.</p

Adhesive bonding of resin composite to various titanium surfaces using different metal conditioners and a surface modification system

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to cpTi grade I having three surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred sixty eight rivet-shaped specimens (8.0x2.0 mm) were cast and subjected to polishing (P) or sandblasting with either 50 mm (50SB) or 250 mm (250SB) Al(2)O(3). The metal conditioners Metal Photo Primer (MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer (OP), Targis Link (TL), and one surface modification system Siloc (S), were applied to the specimen surfaces, which were covered with four 1-mm thick layers of resin composite. The resin layers were exposed to curing light for 90 s separately. Seven specimens from each experimental group were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h while the other 7 specimens were subjected to 5,000 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4ºC and 60ºC (n=7). All specimens were subjected to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred, and further 28 specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: On 50SB surfaces, OP groups showed higher SBS means than MPP (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found among OP, S, and TL groups. On 250SB surfaces, OP and TL groups exhibited higher SBS than MPP and S (P<0.05). No significant difference in SBS was found between OP and TL groups nor between MPP and S groups. The use of conditioners on 250SB surfaces resulted in higher SBS means than the use of the same products on 50SB surfaces (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sandblasting associated with the use of metal conditioners improves SBS of resin composites to cpTi

Frequency and clinical patterns of stroke in Iran - Systematic and critical review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cerebrovascular disease is the second commonest cause of death, and over a third of stroke deaths occur in developing countries. To fulfil the current gap on data, this systematic review is focused on the frequency of stroke, risk factors, stroke types and mortality in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirteen relevant articles were identified by keyword searching of PubMed, Iranmedex, Iranian University index Libraries and the official national data on burden of diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The publication dates ranged from 1990 to 2008. The annual stroke incidence of various ages ranged from 23 to 103 per 100,000 population. This is comparable to the figures from Arab Countries, higher than sub-Saharan Africa, but lower than developed countries, India, the Caribbean, Latin America, and China. Similarly to other countries, ischaemic stroke was the commonest subtype. Likewise, the most common related risk factor is hypertension in adults, but cardiac causes in young stroke. The 28-day case fatality rate is reported at 19-31%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data on the epidemiology of stroke, its pattern and risk factors from Iran is scarce, but the available data highlights relatively low incidence of stroke. This may reflect a similarity towards the neighbouring nations, and a contrast with the West.</p

Oil spill model based on the kelvin wave theory and artificial wind field for the Persian Gulf

165-181 Oil spill simulation due to the wind and wave fields and tidal currents in the Persian Gulf by solution of the hydrodynamics and convection-diffusion equations have been presumed. Model consists of algorithms describing the processes of advection, surface spreading, horizontal and vertical dispersion, evaporation and emulsification. Tidal constituents have been obtained from co-tidal charts. Sea level and surface velocity has been determined by Kelvin Wave theory as a new hydrodynamic calibration tool to prepare flow pattern and successful speed-up procedure. Artificial wind field has been generated in order to prepare wind field time series in the accident interval. Performance of the hydrodynamic model for tidal currents in the Persian Gulf is examined and tested using measurement results by imposing tidal fluctuations to the main open boundary at the Hurmoz strait. The spill analysis model was setup using the flow field produced by the hydrodynamic model to simulate an accidental oil spill and its performance was further validated using the existing data at the Kish Island. Langevin equation for vertical dispersion has been calibrated for the considered domain. Comparison of the actual and simulated oil spill drift was found reasonably acceptable allowing for application in risk assessment analysis in the northern part of the Iranian waters. </smarttagtype

Side Effects of Intravenous Streptokinase in Different Age Groups Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Background & aim: Myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Streptokinase is used in patients with myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. The aim of this study was to compare the side effects of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction patients in different age groups. Methods: In the present analytic descriptive study, the samples included 100 eligible patients which received intravenous streptokinase. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: the first part was used to measure the underlying data and the second part to evaluate the side effects of intravenous streptokinase,. Data were analyzed by chi-square statistical tests. Results: There were no significant adverse events between intravenous streptokinase and different age groups ((P>0.05).). The most common side effects of this drug were cardiovascular complications in different age groups. Conclusion: the use of streptokinase intravenous drug in different age groups is associated with risk of cardiovascular complications. Key words: age, side effects, streptokinase, acute myocardial infarction, thrombolytic therapy, ST elevatio