PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG IKAN ASIN AFKIR DALAM RANSUM SAPI BERBASIS JERAMI PADI AMONIASI TERHADAP KONSUMSI BO, PK, SK DAN KECERNAAN LK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi tepung ikan asin afkir dalam ransum berbasis jerami amoniasi terhadap konsumsi bahan organik (BO), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK) dan kecernaan lemak kasar (KcLK). Rancangan yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah cross over design 2 x 2 dimana ransum perlakuan yaitu : R1 (Ransum + 3% tepung ikan asin afkir) dan R2 (Ransum + 4% tepung ikan asin afkir), yang pemberiannya dipertukarkan pada dua kelompok sapi dalam 2 periode penelitian yang berurutan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi BO, konsumsi PK, konsumsi SK dan kecernaan LK. Hasil pada penelitian menunjukan bahwa ransum perlakuan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,5) terhadap konsumsi BO, SK dan kecernaan LK tetapi berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada Konsumsi PK. Nilai rataan konsumsi BO berkisar antara 2,18 kg/ekor/hari sampai 2,26 kg/ekor/hari, nilai konsumsi PK berkisar antara 0,31 kg/ekor/hari sampai 0,35 kg/ekor/hari, nilai konsumsi SK berkisar antara 0,51 kg/ekor/hari sampai 0,54 kg/ekor/hari dan nilai kecernaan lemak kasar berkisar antara 65,66% sampai 58,74%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi tepung ikan asin afkir dapat diberikan sebanyak 3% dalam ransum dihubungkan dengan konsumsi bahan organik (BO), konsumsi protein kasar (PK), dan konsumsi serat kasar (SK) serta kecernaan lemak kasar (KcLK)

Catch per unit area of batoid fishes in the northern Oman Sea

We report on results of a trawl survey to assess the abundance of Batoid fish resources in the Oman Sea. The catch per unit area CPUA as the main index was estimated. The objectives of this study were to determine the catch composition and distribution pattern of Batoid fishes in the study area and in different depth strata of the Oman Sea. A total of 82 stations were randomly selected 2012. The comparison between 5 strata indicated that, the highest CPUA was found for strata E, Beris to Gowatr (2712.56 kg / nm^2) and C, Gordim to Konarak (2079.17 kg / nm^2) and the lowest one was found in stratum B, Darak to Tang (27.11 kg / nm^2). Also the comparison of mean CPUA in different depth-layers revealed that the mean CPUA has a descending trend with increasing of depth, in which the CPUA values in depth layer 10-20 m were 101.38 times more than depth layer 50-100m

Summation Invariants Of Objects Under Projective Transformation Group With Application

Geometri tak varian adalah ciri geometri yang tidak berubah di bawah pelbagai jenis transformasi dan ia dapat digunakan dalam pemerihalan bentuk untuk mengatasi ber bagai kesukaran dalam pemasalahan pengecaman objek untuk visi komputer. Peranan parameter tak varian diiktiraf dalam beberapa aplikasi seperti perwakilan bentuk, pemadanan bentuk, pengecaman objek dan aplikasi robotik. Tesis ini mengetengahkan penyelesaian permasalahan berkaitan terbitan tak varian objek dua dimensi untuk kumpulan transformasi unjuran. Di dalam tesis ini, satu kaedah diberikan untuk menentukan perjumlahan tak varian objek planar pada kumpulan transformasi unjuran dan satu algoritma telah dibangunkan untuk menggunapakai tak varian yang diterbitkan sebagai penyelesaian beberapa permasalahan pengecaman objek pada kumpulan transformasi. Kaedah Cartan dengan rangka bergerak digunakan untuk menerbitkan tak varian ini. Kamiran potensi baru untuk lengkung 2D dicadangkan untuk memperolehi kamiran tak varian di bawah tindakan suatu subkumpulan bagi transformasi unjuran dengan 6 darjah kebebasan. Geometric invariants are features which unchanged under a variety of transformations and they can be used as the shape descriptors to overcome many of problems of object recognition problems in computer vision. The role of invariants in computer vision has been advocated for various applications such as shape representation, shape matching, object recognition and robotic. This thesis solving problems associated with deriving invariants of two dimensional objects under projective transformation groups in Euclidean space. In this thesis, a method is given to determine projective invariants for planar objects under projective transformation groups and an algorithm is given to apply the derived invariants in order to solve some issues of object recognition under transformation groups. The Cartan’s method of moving frame is applied to derive these invariants. Novel integral potentials for 2D curves are proposed to derive integral invariants under the action of a subgroup of projective transformation with 6 degrees of freedom

The influence of the Messianic and Apocalyptic Aspirations over the Today's Middle East Conflicts

It is highly thought that the messianic activism lies behind the political crashes in today’s Middle East conflicts. Therefore, we need to survey whether the Abrahamic traditions have any influence over the everyday’s political challenges. This paper is going to show that messianism at the two sides of conflicts is not the main factor. Both in Islam and in Judaism, messianic activism (or active messianism) is not permitted and the abuse or instrumentalization of this belief is hardly rejected. Theappearance of such aspirations depends, conversely, on the political situations. Nearly any religion would be converted or transformed to a political movement, if its followers could not find their favorite world through secular human actions. The failure of international and regional organizations or conferences to solve the problems justly and impartially led to the appearance of a religious messianic approach to the Middle East conflicts

Biological investigation of tiger-toothed croaker, Otolithes rubber, in Oman Sea along Sistan and Baluchistan Province

During the years 2003-2004, biological aspects of Tiger-toothed Croaker, Otolithes rubber, was investigated in Oman Sea along Sistan and Baluchistan Province. Based on the frequency of developed maturity stages (IV, V), a prolonged spawning activity extending from August to March was determined for O. rubber. The gonadosomatic Index (GSI) suggests two peaks which a minor one in October and a major one in March-April. Comparison of hepatosomatic Index (HI) and Condition Factor with the spawning peak indicated a reverse relationship. According to length at first maturity (Lm50%= 40cm) data and exploitation of fish at lengths more than 40cm, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated at 100mm. Analysis of stomach food items, showed that fish group dominated the diet (80%), of which Anchovy accounted for 40% of the total frequency. We estimated the exploitation rate of the fish at E= 0.6. The length infinity (L∞), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), total mortality (Z) and Growth Coefficient per year (K) were calculated at 68.6, 0.69, 1.05, 1.74 and 0.35 respectively. The relationship between length and weight of the fish in the province was also determined. The parameters a, b and r (correlation coefficient) of the relationship were 0.0085, 3.0435 and 0.98 respectively

An investigation of some biological aspects of three species: tiger toothed croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan and black pomfret, Parastromateus niger in the Oman Sea for optimizing fishing season

During the years 1382-83, some biological aspects of three species Tiger-toothed Croaker, Otolithes ruber, Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan, Black Pomfret, Parastromateus niger, have been investigated in the Oman Sea along Sistan-O-Baluchistan province. Based on the frequency of developed maturity stages (IV, V), a prologed spawning activity extending from August to March was determined for O.ruber, and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) suggests two peaks:the minor one in October and the major one in March-April. Comparison of Hepatosomatic Index (HI) and Condition factor (Kn) with the peak spawning indicated a reverse relationship. According to length at first maturity (Lm50%= 40cm) and exploitation of fish at length 42cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 100mm. On analysis of stomach food item, fish group dominated (80%), which of them Anchovy accounted for 40% of the total frequency. Comparison of mean length between the years 1374-75 and 1382-83 showed 4cm in decrees. Population dynamics parameters were determined through length based modals and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E=0.6, suggesting high level exploitation. The usal streched mesh size of nets(constructed from multifilament webbing) for capturing O.ruber were less than the proposed optimum mesh size of nets, indicating 78% of the total landings were smaller than Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 have increased up to 15% when compared to those of the year 1376. Despite the decrease of total efforts (Panel.day) by 37%, the mean value CPUE has increased up to 82%. Regarding Pomadasys kaakan species, a year-round spawning activity has been observed, with two peaks: A major one in April and an aminor one in September. As those of O.ruber species, there was an inverse relationship between HI and Kn with the peak spawning activity. Based on the length at first maturity (Lm50% = 44cm) and capturing fish of the length at 46cm and above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated to be 149.6mm. According to analysis of stomach contents, fish group accounted for 35% of the groups studied, which of them , Largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus linnaeus, constituted 52% of the total frequency. In addition to estimation of population dynamics, the exploitation rate was estimated to be E= 0.49. Majority of the species catch was made by mesh size of nets used for O.ruber of which 133mm mesh size accounted for the level (30%). Information on length distribution showed that 60% of the total fish landed was below Lm50%. Total landings in 1381 decreased to 10% in comparison to 1376.Total fishing efforts and CPUE also decreased to 33% and 24% respectively. For parastromateus Niger, There was a long period spawning activity from March to December, with two peaks: A major one in August and a minor one in March. According to Lm50% (39cm) and catching of fish 39cm above, the stretched optimum mesh size of nets was calculated as 167.7mm. Based on stomach contents, ring-shaped worms and larval shrimp equally made 29% of the total frequency showing the highest contribution. Comparison of mean length indicated 3cm in decrease in 1382-83 when compared to 1374-75. Population dynamics parameters were estimated and the exploitation rate was estimated to be E = 0.54. The usual stretched mesh size of nets for P. niger was 146mm and 81% of the total fish landed were smaller than Lm50%.In 1381,total catch of the species increased four and a half-fold in comparison to 1376, while total efforts decreased up to 28% and CPUE increased two and a half-fold

A survey on some biological aspects of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus for optimizing fishing season in Sistan - o – Baluchestan province

Research project was conducted on some biological aspects of lobster in Oman Sea in the years1385-86. During the project some parameters such as length distribution, spawning peak, length (Carapace) at first maturity, the length at which 50% of the lobsters were found to be mature sexually, sex ratio, relative frequency index and population dynamics parameters were examined. Quantitative factors and catch composition of lobster including the amount of catch in terms of weight and number of ovigerous-female, under-sized specimens and so were compared by monthly. According to the results of present study caught specimens were male with carapace length of 22 and 110 mm respectively. The smallest ovigerous female was taken as 46mm CL when length at first maturity was estimated to be 69-70mm. the male: female ratio was 0.7: 1.3 for the whole year. A closed fishing season for the species is proposed during spring and September and October in Oman Sea. A large amount of the catches for the all sampling months came from the under-sized specimens, consist of 50 to 85% of the total catch. Therefore, presence of these small length groups have direct effects on time of closing season. Population dynamics parameters were calculated as follows: K=0.57 year, L∞= 103mm and Ǿ = 8.69. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) coefficients were calculated as 2.73, 0.87 and 1.86, respectively. Exploitation ratio for the whole population was 0.681, indicating an overexploitation of the species. Based on the available data, the recruitment pattern for lobster was obtained for two season including spring (major) and autumn (minor). Catch per unite effort (CPUE) was calculated as 0.908 kg/Cage/day which was higher in comparison with two other areas including Ramin and Chabahar. Examination of CPUE for a 10-year period showed a decreased trend and the reduction for the year 1386 was about 30% when compared to the data from the year 1375. Moreover, the mean length during 1369-70 to 1385-86 (present study) decreased for the three areas including Pozm, Ramin and Chabahar, so that the carapas length decreased up to 10 mm in length. This sudden decrease in mean length during the 10-year period should be considered as a serious precariousness for sustainable exploitation of lobster in Oman Sea along Sistan and Baluchistan province

Task scheduling mechanisms for fog computing: A systematic survey

In the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, some processing is done near data production sites at higher speeds without the need for high bandwidth by combining Fog Computing (FC) and cloud computing. Fog computing offers advantages for real-time systems that require high speed internet connectivity. Due to the limited resources of fog nodes, one of the most important challenges of FC is to meet dynamic needs in real-time. Therefore, one of the issues in the fog environment is the optimal assignment of tasks to fog nodes. An efficient scheduling algorithm should reduce various qualitative parameters such as cost and energy consumption, taking into account the heterogeneity of fog nodes and the commitment to perform tasks within their deadlines. This study provides a detailed taxonomy to gain a better understanding of the research issues and distinguishes important challenges in existing work. Therefore, a systematic overview of existing task scheduling techniques for cloud-fog environment, as well as their benefits and drawbacks, is presented in this article. Four main categories are introduced to study these techniques, including machine learning-based, heuristic-based, metaheuristic-based, and deterministic mechanisms. A number of papers are studied in each category. This survey also compares different task scheduling techniques in terms of execution time, resource utilization, delay, network bandwidth, energy consumption, execution deadline, response time, cost, uncertainty, and complexity. The outcomes revealed that 38% of the scheduling algorithms use metaheuristic-based mechanisms, 30% use heuristic-based, 23% use machine learning algorithms, and the other 9% use deterministic methods. The energy consumption is the most significant parameter addressed in most articles with a share of 19%. Finally, a number of important areas for improving the task scheduling methods in the FC in the future are presented

Investigation on feasibility polyculture of Litopenaeus vannamei with Mugil cephalus in earthen shrimp ponds

This study was conducted in order to optimizing of the biological condition and enhancing of the harvest efficiency for cultured shrimps of Guater site. Experimental design was consisted of three treatments and each treatment with three replications (totally 9 ponds with 600 m^2 area for each pond). After preparing and watering of ponds, the ponds was stocked with shrimp post larves in a density of 0.007±0.001 g (or 20 numbers per m^2) per m^2. After 35 days, the fingerlings of gray mullet were released to shrimp ponds in densities of 0/100 m^2 (T1/), 2/100 m^2 (T2) and 4/100 m^2 (T3). During experiment, the physicochemical parameters of water (temperature, O_2, pH, water transparency and salinity) were measured daily for two times (morning and afternoon). Also, the nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate concentrations and BOD5 as well as chlorophyll (a), phytoplanktons and zooplanktons were measured every 15 days one time. To determine the organic values of the bottom sediment of the ponds, monthly sampling was conducted. Health status of shrimps was investigated monthly too. Growth rate, mean weight, survival value, Food conversion ratios (FCR) and total shrimp harvest (Kg) were measured after 107 days rearing in ponds. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between treatments. The highest (212 Kg, 3533 Kg; weight mean was18.4 g for each shrimp) and lowest (187 Kg, 3116 Kg; weight mean was16.23 g for each shrimp) of harvested shrimps were yielded in T3 and T1 respectively. There was not significant differences between treatments in terms of survival rate (P>0.05). After 107 days rearing, the highest (1.27 0.2) and lowest (1.2 0.1) of FCR were observed in T_3 and T_1 respectively. Although, there were no significant differences between T_2 and T_3 in ammonia, O_2, Total organic material, pH and BOD5, but, T_2 and T_3 had significant differences with T_1 in these parameters. In this study, 27 genus of phytoplanktons belonged to Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), blue-green algal (Cyanophyceae) and dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) were identified. Diatoms with 20 genus had more abundance than dinoflagellates (6 genus) and blue-green algal (1 genus). Also, 7 orders of zooplanktons including copepod, mollusks, nauplius of crustacean and rhizopoda were identified. Health investigation of T1 (without shrimp) showed more pathogenic pollution (parasites and bacteria) than in treatments with shrimp. In this regard, among bacteria, the Vibrio genus (V.Alginoliticus and V.Fluvialis) had more abundance and among parasites zoothamnium sp and Epistylis sp were identified which more abundance was for zoothamnium sp. In conclusion, our results concluded that mixed culturing of white shrimp and grey mullet in optimum densities is possible and is caused more production of shrimp

The study of fluctuation of large pelagic stock (yellowfin tuna, skipjack tuna, longtail tuna, Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel) in order to optimum exploitation in the Persian Gulf & Oman sea

The study of fluctuation of large pelagic stock (yellowfin tuna, skipjack tuna, longtail tuna, Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel ) in order to optimum exploitation in the Persian Gulf & Oman sea This study was carried out from 2005-07 in order to acquire some biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters for stock management and responsible fisheries. Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna), katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna), Thunnus tonggol (longtail tuna) and scomberomorus commerson (Narrow- barred Spanish mackerel) were sampled. In total, length frequency of 9345 specimens of yellowfin tuna were analyzed. Size range was 37-172 cm. Teleost fishes were the most dominant prey species observed in this study (42%), Occurrence of Potunus Pelagicus was found to be the second (28%).Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (22%), Natosquilla (5%) and octopus (3%) also were identified in the gut content of the yellowfin tuna. Length of maturity (50%) of yellow fin tuna was estimated 77.2 cm and spawning season was started from May. 8443 specimens of skipjack with size range of 32-90 cm were sampled. 48% of food items were teleost fishes. Squid and shrimp were also identified. Spawning season was begun from June. Growth parameters & fishing mortalities of yellow fin tuna and skipjack tuna were also estimated. Size range if longtail tuna was from 26-125cm Length infinity was estimated 132.3 cm with growth parameter of 0.35 per year. In total 10451 specimens of narrow- barred Spanish mackerel were sampled. Size range was from 20-164 cm. Teleost fishes were the most dominant prey species observed in the study (91.3%). Crustaceans (0.6%) and Indian squid (0.2%) also were identified in the specimens. Length maturity (50%) was estimated 83.6cm