Non-collinear magnetism: microscopic origin, all-electrical probe, unconventional states and topological excitations

This thesis studies the microscopic mechanisms for noncollinear spin ordering in magnetic materials. I discuss interactions between spins that can give rise to noncollinear and multiply-periodic states, and the interplay between different interactions provides an additional degree of complexity.Our results on the Double Exchange model show that a non-collinear spiral ordering of spins can be energetically more favorable than the collinear ferromagnetic state, even in the limit of strong Hund's Rule coupling. We obtained a rich phase diagram for the triangular lattice with many competing magnetic phases.Our study done in collaboration with A. Aqeel and co-workers establishes all-electrical Spin Hall Magnetroresistance measurements as a probe for detection of complex non-collinear orders, such as the skyrmion lattice. In addition, we introduce a new term in the transverse Spin Hall Magnetroresistance that is nonzero only for noncollinear magnets. Our study establishes the frustrated chiral magnet Pb$_2$MnO$_4$ as a new model system for the realisation of complex non-collinear magnetic ordering and topological defects.Our study of the collinear antiferromagnet CaFe$_2$O$_4$ shows that magnetic anisotropy structure is crucial for understanding of the time-resolved THz spectroscopy measurements of T. Mai and co-workers.The main goal of this research is to gain a better fundamental understanding of the properties of non-collinear magnets. Magnetic orders of particular interest to this thesis are topological magnetic structures, such as the compact magnetic vortices known as skyrmions. The results can be used to study and design magnetic materials of special relevance to technological applications, such as smaller and more efficient memory devices. This thesis studies the microscopic mechanisms for noncollinear spin ordering in magnetic materials. I discuss interactions between spins that can give rise to noncollinear and multiply-periodic states, and the interplay between different interactions provides an additional degree of complexity.Our results on the Double Exchange model show that a non-collinear spiral ordering of spins can be energetically more favorable than the collinear ferromagnetic state, even in the limit of strong Hund's Rule coupling. We obtained a rich phase diagram for the triangular lattice with many competing magnetic phases.Our study done in collaboration with A. Aqeel and co-workers establishes all-electrical Spin Hall Magnetroresistance measurements as a probe for detection of complex non-collinear orders, such as the skyrmion lattice. In addition, we introduce a new term in the transverse Spin Hall Magnetroresistance that is nonzero only for noncollinear magnets. Our study establishes the frustrated chiral magnet Pb2MnO4 as a new model system for the realisation of complex non-collinear magnetic ordering and topological defects.Our study of the collinear antiferromagnet CaFe2O4 shows that magnetic anisotropy structure is crucial for understanding of the time-resolved THz spectroscopy measurements of T. Mai and co-workers.The main goal of this research is to gain a better fundamental understanding of the properties of non-collinear magnets. Magnetic orders of particular interest to this thesis are topological magnetic structures, such as the compact magnetic vortices known as skyrmions. The results can be used to study and design magnetic materials of special relevance to technological applications, such as smaller and more efficient memory devices

Incommensurate spiral order from double exchange interactions

The double exchange model describing interactions of itinerant electrons with localized spins is usually used to explain ferromagnetism in metals. We show that for a variety of crystal lattices of different dimensionalities and for a wide range of model parameters the ferromagnetic state is unstable against a non-collinear spiral magnetic order. We revisit the phase diagram of the double exchange model on a triangular lattice and show in a large part of the diagram the incommensurate spiral state has a lower energy than the previously discussed commensurate states. These results indicate that double exchange systems are inherently frustrated and can host unconventional spin orders

Effect of Foot Massage on Decreasing Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients in Bontomarannu Health Center

Hypertension is called the silent killer because the symptoms are often without complaints. The number of people with hypertension in the world continue to increase every year, estimated that by 2025 there will be 1.5 billion people affected by hypertension. It is also estimated that every year 9.4 million people die from hypertension and complications. when anti-hypertension is needed, non-pharmacological treatment can be used as a complement to get a better treatment effect. One of the non-pharmacological therapies offered to reduce hypertension with massage therapy (massage). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foot massage on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients in the work area of ​​Bontomarannu Health Center, Gowa Regency. This research was conducted on January  2015 using the static group comparison method. The population in this study were residents in the working area of ​​Bontomarannu Health Center and samples were taken with purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 20 people. Based on the results of the study it was found that the administration of foot massage interventions can reduce blood pressure. The statistical test results showed between the systole control group (p-value 0.798), the diastolic control group (p-value 0.726) and the systolic treatment group (p-value 0.004), the diastolic treatment group (p-value 0.005). The administration of foot massage intervention has an influence on the decrease in blood pressure compared to the group that is not given a foot massage intervention

The role of marketing mix and service quality on tourist satisfaction and loyalty at Samosir

This study aims to investigate the effect of the marketing mix and service quality on tourist satisfaction and loyalty. The data collection techniques used in this study included interviews and questionnaires to the relevant parties. The technique of data analysis in this study was descriptive and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results showed that the marketing mix had a positive and significant effect on tourists satisfaction. The service quality had a positive and significant effect on tourists satisfaction in the region of Samosir. Marketing mix had a positive and significant effect on tourists loyalty. The service quality had a positive and significant effect on tourists loyalty. Tourist satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on tourists loyalty in the region of Samosir. And the marketing mix and the service quality had a significant effect on tourists in the Samosir Region through tourist satisfaction

Applying Pause Analysis to Explore Cognitive Processes Occurring During the Copying of Sentences Amongst 6 years old Children in Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Tasik Puteri

Pause analysis is a method that investigates processes of writing by measuring the amount of time between pen strokes. It provides the field of teaching and learning in the 21st century with insights of the cognitive processes underpinning the nature of writing in children. This study examined the potential of using free handwritten copying of sentences as a means of investigating components of the cognitive processes of children who have English as their Second Language (ESL). An experiment is conducted where 28 children of Sekolah Kebangsaan Bandar Tasik Puteri are asked to copy a sentence in Malay Language and a sentence in English. The handwritten activity is captured to study the pause lengths produced at different forms of chunking sizes (i.e. group of words, words and group of letters). Results are then associated to the Theoretical Model of Copying (MoC) in identifying the possible factors that might affect the chunking sizes. It was found that there is a clear chunk with long pauses that occur at letter level, group of letters and word level. This indicates that there is a possibility of language comprehension processes taking place during the copying of sentences

Comparative Review on Information and Communication Technology Issues in Education Sector of Developed and Developing Countries: A Case Study About Pakistan

The use of information and communication technology is very beneficial in the education sector because it can enhance the quality of education. However, the implementation of ICT in the education sector of developed and developing countries is a challenging task. This paper explains the comparative study of ICT issues in the education sector of developed and developing countries. In particular, we compare issues between Pakistan and high-tech countries. Our study reveals the fact that the education sector is facing numerous ICT problems that are based on culture, finance, management, infrastructure, lack of training, lack of equipment, teacher’s refusal, and ethical issues. At the end of this paper, various issues faced by the implementation of ICT in the education sector of Pakistan have been categorized into various types, namely, infrastructure, lack of IT professionals, lack of high-speed internet and equipment. Our research is based on five key research questions related to ICT issues. We used a mixed approach where the results of this study can be used as a set of guidelines to help make the learning environment technology-oriented, fast, planned, and productive. Future directions are also given at the end of this paper

Intervention of an Upgraded Ventilation System and Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality at Birmingham New Street Railway Station

High NO2 concentrations (long term average of 383 µg/m3 in 2016/2017) recorded at Birmingham New Street railway station have resulted in the upgrade of the bi-directional fan system to aid wind dispersion within the enclosed platform environment. This paper attempts to examine how successful this intervention has been in improving air quality for both passengers and workers within the station. New air pollution data in 2020 has enabled comparisons to the 2016/2017 monitoring campaign revealing a 23–42% decrease in measured NO2 concentrations. The new levels of NO2 are below the Occupational Health standards but still well above the EU Public Health Standards. This reduction, together with a substantial decrease (up to 81%) in measured Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations, can most likely be attributed to the new fan system effectiveness. Carbon Monoxide levels were well below Occupational and Public Health Standards at all times. The COVID19 pandemic “initial lockdown” period has also allowed an insight into the resultant air quality at lower rail-traffic intensities, which produced a further reduction in air pollutants, to roughly half the pre-lockdown concentrations. This study shows the scope of improvement that can be achieved through an engineering solution implemented to improve the ventilation system of an enclosed railway station. Further reduction in air pollution would require additional approaches, such as the removal of diesel engine exhaust emissions via the adoption of electric or diesel-electric hybrid powered services

Enukleasi Kista Dentigerous pada Coronoid Mandibula Sinistra di Bawah Anastesi Umum

Kista adalah penyebab pembengkakan kronis yang paling sering pada rahang dibandingkan tulang lain karena banyaknya sisa epitel odontogenik. Kista yang dibentuk dari epitel odontogenik merupakan yang terbanyak di rahang. Kista dentigerous merupakan kantung jaringan ikat yang berisi cairan dengan berbatas epitel skuamos berlapis yang terbentuk di sekitar mahkota gigi yang tidak erupsi atau dentikel. Kista ini sering disebut kista folikular karena hasil pembesaran folikel yang berasal dari akumulasi cairan antara epitel tereduksi dengan email gigi. Shear dan Spreight mengatakan bahwa etiologi terjadinya kista dentigerous bisa karena gigi impaksi. Seorang pasien laki – laki berusia 41 tahun dilaporkan datang ke klinik Bedah Mulut RSUP Dr. Sardjito dengan keluhan utama benjolan di bawah telinga kiri, tidak terasa sakit ukuran 4x3x3 cm muncul kurang lebih 8 bulan sebelumnya. Awalnya kecil kemudian membesar, pasien telah menjalani perawatan dari puskesmas dan tidak ada kemajuan. Penatalaksanaan kasus ini adalah enukleasi kista di bawah anestesi umum. Evaluasi dilakukan 4 bulan post operasi dan tidak ada tanda kambuh. Riwayat penyakit sistemik dan alergi obat tidak ada. ABSTRACT: Dentigerous Cyst Enucleation on Coronoid Mandibular Sinistra under General Anesthesia. Cyst is the most common caused of chronic swelling in the jaw compared to other bone as there are a lot of odontogenic epithelium. Cyst formed from odontogenic epithelium is the most encountered case found in dental practice. Dentigerous cyst is a sac formed of connective tissues filled with liquid and lined with stratified squamos epithelium border which was developed around un-erupted dental crown or denticle. This kind of cyst is also known follicular cyst on a reason that swelling follicle is derived from liquid accumulation between tooth enamel reductions with dental email. Shear and Spreight stated that impacted tooth is the ethiology of dentigerous cyst. We are reporting a case of41 year old man who came to Dr. Sardjito central hospital with chief complain of swelling under left ear, painless, 4x3x3 cm sized and increase within 8 months since its developed. The patient was treated in the Primary Health Care but no improvement reached. This case was managed with enucleated cyst under general anesthesia. No sign of recurrence after 3 months follow up and patient evaluation. No systemic disease and allergic symptom was found in this patient

Differential regulation of PGC-1α expression in rat liver and skeletal muscle in response to voluntary running

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The beneficial actions of exercise training on lipid, glucose and energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity appear to be in part mediated by PGC-1α. Previous studies have shown that spontaneously exercised rats show at rest enhanced responsiveness to exogenous insulin, lower plasma insulin levels and increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. This study was initiated to examine the functional interaction between exercise-induced modulation of skeletal muscle and liver PGC-1α protein expression, whole body insulin sensitivity, and circulating FFA levels as a measure of whole body fatty acid (lipid) metabolism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two groups of male Wistar rats (2 Mo of age, 188.82 ± 2.77 g BW) were used in this study. One group consisted of control rats placed in standard laboratory cages. Exercising rats were housed individually in cages equipped with running wheels and allowed to run at their own pace for 5 weeks. At the end of exercise training, insulin sensitivity was evaluated by comparing steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations at constant plasma insulin levels attained during the continuous infusion of glucose and insulin to each experimental group. Subsequently, soleus and plantaris muscle and liver samples were collected and quantified for PGC-1α protein expression by Western blotting. Collected blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin and FFA concentrations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Rats housed in the exercise wheel cages demonstrated almost linear increases in running activity with advancing time reaching to maximum value around 4 weeks. On an average, the rats ran a mean (Mean ± SE) of 4.102 ± 0.747 km/day and consumed significantly more food as compared to sedentary controls (<it>P </it>< 0.001) in order to meet their increased caloric requirement. Mean plasma insulin (<it>P </it>< 0.001) and FFA (<it>P </it>< 0.006) concentrations were lower in the exercise-trained rats as compared to sedentary controls. Mean steady state plasma insulin (SSPI) and glucose (SSPG) concentrations were not significantly different in sedentary control rats as compared to exercise-trained animals. Plantaris PGC-1α protein expression increased significantly from a 1.11 ± 0.12 in the sedentary rats to 1.74 ± 0.09 in exercising rats (<it>P </it>< 0.001). However, exercise had no effect on PGC-1α protein content in either soleus muscle or liver tissue. These results indicate that exercise training selectively up regulates the PGC-1α protein expression in high-oxidative fast skeletal muscle type such as plantaris muscle.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that PGC-1α most likely plays a restricted role in exercise-mediated improvements in insulin resistance (sensitivity) and lowering of circulating FFA levels.</p

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU CARING PERAWAT DI RUANG PERAWATAN INTERNA

Perilaku caring adalah suatu tindakan yang didasari oleh kepedulian, kasih sayang, keterampilan, empati, tanggung jawab, sensitif dan dukungan. Namun penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa masih banyak perawat yang tidak berperilaku caring, perilaku caring perawat merupakan salah satu perilaku yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi, penghargaan, lama kerja dengan perilaku caring perawat pelaksana di ruang Interna RSUD Sinjai.Jenis penelitian ini mengggunakan jenis kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 31 responden yang di ambil dengan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuisioner yang diisi oleh responden dan peneliti. Untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen digunakan uji Chi-square, dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat.Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada hubungan penghargaan (p=0,020), lama kerja (P= 0,008) terhadap perilaku Caring serta tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara motivasi (p=0,219) dengan perilaku caring perawat pelaksana di Ruang Perawatan Interna RSUD Sinjai. Disarankan kepada pihak Rumah Sakit dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, khususnya pada perawat pelaksana agar dapat mengikuti pelatihan caring untuk meningkatkan kepedulian dan keramahan perawat kepada pasien