Pubertal maturation and health risk behaviors in adolescents: a systematic review

Objective: The objective of this academic work is to demonstrate evidences available in literature about the association among the pubertal maturation and health risk behavior in adolescents. Methods: It was used the database from MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Science. The terms used in the research, with its variations, were “puberty”, “maturation”, “maturity”, “risk behaviors”, “risk factors”, “adolescent” and “student”. Results: Out of 838 manuscripts found in the databases, after the sorting and applied the eligibility criteria, remained in this systematic review 13 articles. Early maturation was associated significantly with the use of alcohol, cigarettes and illegal drugs, early sexual initiation, sedentary behaviors and involvement in fights, where girls showed higher prevalence. Conclusions: Henceforth, the results from the current study indicates that the early maturation is associated with health risk behaviors in adolescents, especially with the use of alcohol and cigarettes.&nbsp

PERFIL NUTRICIONAL E PREVALÊNCIA DE HIPERTENSÃO EM IDOSOS PARTICIPANTES DE UM PROGRAMA DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO / NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY ENGAGED IN A PHYSICAL EXERCISE PROGRAM

Introdução: A avaliação do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) é uma das estratégias mais acessíveis e baratas para identificar se uma pessoa está no peso ideal. Valores acima da normalidade podem contribuir para o aparecimento de diversas doenças crônicas, entre elas a hipertensão arterial, a qual uma simples avaliação pode sugerir que medidas de prevenção sejam tomadas. Objetivo: Verificar o perfil nutricional e a prevalência de hipertensão em um grupo de idosos participantes de um programa de exercícios físicos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 52 idosos de ambos os sexos e todos com pelo menos seis meses de participação no programa. O perfil nutricional foi determinado através do IMC, obtido pela divisão da massa corporal (kg) pelo quadrado da estatura (m), e a presença de hipertensão foi considerada por atestado médico. Uma estatística descritiva foi realizada para apresentação dos dados em média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Nesta pesquisa 55,8% dos idosos foram considerados hipertensos e apresentaram IMC médio de 32,0 kg/m2, o qual os classificou como obesidade grau 1. Já os 44,2% que não foram diagnosticados com hipertensão, apresentaram IMC médio de 26,8 kg/m2 o qual representa sobrepeso. Conclusão: Observando os resultados, sugere-se que estratégias adicionais sejam adotadas pelo grupo analisado, inclusive pelos idosos normotensos, já que apresentaram IMC elevado o qual pode acelerar um possível aparecimento da doença.Palavras-chave: Estado nutricional. Índice de Massa Corporal. Hipertensão.AbstractIntroduction: The evaluation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the most accessible and affordable techniques to identify whether a person is in the ideal weight. Values above the normality may contribute to the onset of several chronic diseases, including arterial hypertension, in which a simple assessment may suggest that prevention measures should be taken. Objective: To assess the nutritional status and the prevalence of hypertension in a group of elderly participants of an exercise program. Methods: Were included 52 elderly from both sexes, all with at least six months of participation in the program. The nutritional profile was determined by BMI, obtained by dividing body mass (kg) by the square of height (m), and the presence of hypertension was determined by medical certificate. A descriptive analysis was performed to present the data as mean and standard deviation. Results: In this study, 55.8% of the elderly were considered hypertensive and had a mean BMI of 32.0 kg/m2, which classified them as grade 1 obese. As for the 44.2% who were not diagnosed with hypertension, they showed a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2, which represents overweight. Conclusion: Observing the results, it is suggested that additional strategies should be adopted by the analyzed group, including the normotensive elderly, since they presented high BMI, which can accelerate a possible onset of the disease.Keywords: Nutritional status. Body Mass Index. Hypertension

The control and prevention of COVID-19 transmission in children : a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The pandemic following the rapid spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus has hit all continents and caused thousands of deaths worldwide. Evidence has been published on epidemiological and clinical characteristics of population groups considered at risk; however, information for the other population groups, especially for the child population, is needed. In this context, this protocol describes a systematic review that will aim to identify the evidence on control and prevention of COVID-19 transmission among children and adolescents, as well as to describe the epidemiological profile and clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 in this population. Methods: This protocol will be developed in accordance with PRISMA-P. The searches will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and Scopus, seeking clinical trials. Observational studies and case reports with Children and adolescents (≤19 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 will be included whether they report information on the control of prevention and COVID-19 transmission. Two independent researchers will perform the selection of articles, removal of duplication, and screening by Rayyan QCRI application. Cochrane's RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and CASP tools will be used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, and/or descriptive analyses will be carried out based on the data conditions included. Results: A high-quality synthesis of the available evidences on the epidemiological profile, the clinical and immunological characteristics involved in children, and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the participation of this population in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 will be provided. Conclusion: This systematic review has an important relevance in the current context because it has a great potential to help the development of new control and prevention strategies in the pediatric population

Mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory proteins and peptides with anti-TNF-alpha activity and their effects on the intestinal barrier: A systematic review

Several studies in animal models of intestinal inflammation have been performed with the aim of understanding the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory proteins and peptides that reduce TNF-α. In order to present the best targets, effects and strategies for the treatment of intestinal inflammation in experimental models, this systematic review (SR) aimed to answer the following question: what are the mechanisms of action of molecules with anti-TNF-α activity on the intestinal barrier? The SR protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, number CRD42019131862) and guided by the methodological procedures used for the elaboration of the SR. Articles that were part of the SR were selected considering the eligibility criteria according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison/Control and Outcomes) and were searched in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and ScienceDirect databases. Twenty-five articles reporting studies in rats and mice were selected and the risk of bias was assessed using the tool from the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE). A descriptive synthesis of the results obtained was carried out. Based on the results, the anti-inflammatory molecules that reduced TNF-α acted mainly on the TNF-TNFR1/TNFR2 and TLR4/MD2 complex signaling pathways, and consequently on the NF-κB pathway. This improved the aspects of the inflammatory diseases studied. In addition, these mechanisms also improved the macroscopic, histological and permeability aspects in the intestine of the animals. These findings point to the potential of protein and peptide molecules that act on inflammatory pathways for medical applications with specific and promising strategic targets, aiming to improve inflammatory diseases that affect the intestine. This systematic review also highlights the need for more details during the methodological description of preclinical studies, since this was a limitation found

Pubertal maturation and health risk behaviors in adolescents: a systematic review

Objective: The objective of this academic work is to demonstrate evidences available in literature about the association among the pubertal maturation and health risk behavior in adolescents. Methods: It was used the database from MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs and Web of Science. The terms used in the research, with its variations, were “puberty”, “maturation”, “maturity”, “risk behaviors”, “risk factors”, “adolescent” and “student”. Results: Out of 838 manuscripts found in the databases, after the sorting and applied the eligibility criteria, remained in this systematic review 13 articles. Early maturation was associated significantly with the use of alcohol, cigarettes and illegal drugs, early sexual initiation, sedentary behaviors and involvement in fights, where girls showed higher prevalence. Conclusions: Henceforth, the results from the current study indicates that the early maturation is associated with health risk behaviors in adolescents, especially with the use of alcohol and cigarettes

PRISMA-P 2015 checklist.

BackgroundThere is evidence in the literature suggesting that high time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) can reduce the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels, an important neurotrophin that plays a role in modulating cognition, learning and memory. Children and adolescents usually spend many hours a day on SB, either sitting for a long time and/or using screen equipment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on the associations between SB and BDNF levels in children and adolescents.MethodsThis protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols and was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO: CRD42023392246). The databases that will be searched are EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PubMed. Cross-sectional and cohort studies conducted with children and adolescents (5 to 19 yr) that analyzed the association between SB and BDNF will be included in the systematic review. The characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects, and main results will be described. Then, the risk of bias (assessed by STROBE and Newcastle-Ottawa scales) and the level of evidence (assessed by the GRADE tool) from included studies will be evaluated. Sub-group analysis will also be performed. Two experienced reviewers will perform the studies selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis will analyze the association between SB and BDNF in children and adolescents. The results will provide subsidies to better understand this relationship and will strengthen evidence-based practice for both health professionals and future researches.</div

Preliminary pilot search strategy in MEDLINE/PubMed.

Preliminary pilot search strategy in MEDLINE/PubMed.</p

Article selection flowchart.

BackgroundThere is evidence in the literature suggesting that high time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) can reduce the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels, an important neurotrophin that plays a role in modulating cognition, learning and memory. Children and adolescents usually spend many hours a day on SB, either sitting for a long time and/or using screen equipment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol on the associations between SB and BDNF levels in children and adolescents.MethodsThis protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols and was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO: CRD42023392246). The databases that will be searched are EMBASE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PubMed. Cross-sectional and cohort studies conducted with children and adolescents (5 to 19 yr) that analyzed the association between SB and BDNF will be included in the systematic review. The characteristics of the studies, methodological aspects, and main results will be described. Then, the risk of bias (assessed by STROBE and Newcastle-Ottawa scales) and the level of evidence (assessed by the GRADE tool) from included studies will be evaluated. Sub-group analysis will also be performed. Two experienced reviewers will perform the studies selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis will analyze the association between SB and BDNF in children and adolescents. The results will provide subsidies to better understand this relationship and will strengthen evidence-based practice for both health professionals and future researches.</div

The Effects of Exercise on BDNF Levels in Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study was to analyze the evidence available in the literature about the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in adolescents. The literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SportDiscus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and CINAHL. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials performed with adolescents (10&ndash;19 years) who underwent different exercise programs and who evaluated BDNF levels before and after the intervention were included. We included six studies, four RCTs and two non-RCTs in the systematic review with a total of 407 adolescents. In two randomized trials and one non-RCT, the intervention groups showed significant improvements in BDNF levels compared with the control group. The results presented in the meta-analysis indicate that despite the positive effect in favor of the intervention, there were no significant differences (standardized mean difference 0.28 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval &minus;0.28 to 0.85; p = 0.32, I&sup2; = 0%). The results presented in our review indicate that aerobic exercise programs practiced in moderate- or high-intensity are promising strategies to increase BDNF levels in adolescents. However, further studies are required to support this finding

The Effects of Exercise on BDNF Levels in Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Abstract: The aim of this studywas to analyze the evidence available in the literature about the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in adolescents. The literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SportDiscus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and CINAHL. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials performed with adolescents (10–19 years) who underwent different exercise programs and who evaluated BDNF levels before and after the intervention were included. We included six studies, four RCTs and two non-RCTs in the systematic review with a total of 407 adolescents. In two randomized trials and one non-RCT, the intervention groups showed significant improvements in BDNF levels compared with the control group. The results presented in the meta-analysis indicate that despite the positive e ect in favor of the intervention, there were no significant differences (standardized mean difference 0.28 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.85; p = 0.32, I 2 = 0%). The results presented in our review indicate that aerobic exercise programs practiced in moderate- or high-intensity are promising strategies to increase BDNF levels in adolescents. However, further studies are required to support this finding.Actividad Física y DeporteCiencias de la AlimentaciónEnfermeríaMedicin