A promoção da autonomia dos alunos do ensino básico através das atividades experimentais de ciências

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Santarém para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.Orientador:Professor Doutor Bento CavadasO presente Relatório de Estágio foi elaborado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico realizado na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém para cumprimento do estipulado no Regulamento dos segundos ciclos de estudos desse Instituto. Apresenta uma reflexão sobre o percurso desenvolvido ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada e um trabalho investigativo elaborado no âmbito dessa prática pedagógica. Organiza-se em duas partes: A Parte I é constituída por uma síntese e reflexão sobre as experiências de ensino realizadas ao longo das Práticas de Ensino Supervisionadas. Na Parte II é apresentada uma investigação sobre a promoção da autonomia dos alunos do ensino básico através das atividades experimentais de ciências, realizada numa turma de 3.º ano do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e numa turma de 5.º ano do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Através desta investigação pretendeu-se saber qual a importância do ensino experimental das ciências para o desenvolvimento da autonomia dos alunos do Ensino Básico, tendo sido possível aferir a evolução da autonomia dos alunos de atividade experimental para atividade experimental.- ABSTRACT This Final Report was carried out under the Masters in 1st and 2nd Basic Teaching Cycle provided at the Escola Superior de Educação de Santarém at Instituto Politécnico de Santarém for compliance with the stipulations of Regulation of second study cycle of this Instituto. Present a reflection on the learning path developed and performed throughout the Supervised Teaching Practice and investigative work performed under this pedagogical practice. To prepare this final report two parts were considered. The first part comprises of a synthesis and a reflection about teaching experiences achieved throughout the Supervised Teaching Practice. In the second part is presented an research about promotion of students’ autonomy through experimental science activities, held in one class of 3th grade of 1st Basic Teaching Cycle and a class of 5th grade of 2nd Basic Teaching Cycle, when the frequency of unit curriculum of Supervised Teaching Practice. This research aims to know which importance of experimental science teaching for development of student’s autonomy of Basic Education, as been possible to assess the evolution of student autonomy of experimental activity for experimental activity

Effects of a personalized intervention program on the biochemical and hematological profile in community dwelling old adults-the AGA@4life intervention model

Aging is a social and economic challenge of the highest importance and a multidisciplinary intervention seems to be a promising approach for improving the quality of life of elderly individuals. This project was designed aimed at promoting an active and healthy aging through the implementation of an intervention program based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment model (AGA@4life), focused on promoting health and wellbeing, independence and autonomy, mobility, and social inclusion. A non-randomized interventional study was designed to evaluate the effect of only a dietetic and nutritional approach (control group (CG)) and the combination of a tailored exercise program and a dietetic and nutritional approach (intervention group (IG)) in the biochemical and hematological profile of older adults in the framework of AGA@4life. The 34 participants enrolled, aged 65 years or over, were subject to a thorough baseline (T0) multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation, including the gathering of clinical information and a battery of biochemical and hematological determinations, and reevaluated after eight weeks of intervention (T1). Between T0 and T1, an increase in albumin and total proteins serum levels were observed in both groups (p < 0.01); the hematological profile in CG and IG showed an increase in red cell count and hemoglobin (p < 0.05). In IG, an increase of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001) and a decrease of triglycerides (p = 0.001) were still observed. The AGA@4life multidisciplinary intervention improved the hematological and biochemical profile of old adults, potentially contributing to delay the development of several aging comorbidities and increase the quality of life of participants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Determination of patulin in fruit purees intended for infant feeding

Dissertação de Mestrado em Segurança Alimentar apresentada à Faculdade de FarmáciaA patulina é um metabolito secundário produzido por um conjunto de espécies fúngicas dos géneros Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, Penicillium e Paecilomyces dos quais Penicillium expansum é a espécie mais importante. É uma micotoxina encontrada frequentemente em maçãs e produtos à base de maçã, e por isso, a sua presença é um indicador da qualidade da fruta utilizada na produção.Estudos de toxicidade demostram que esta micotoxina é classificada como mutagénica, genotóxica, imunossupressora e neurotóxica. A patulina é uma micotoxina com particular interesse na área da alimentação infantil, dado que ocorre sobretudo em produtos à base de maçã, amplamente consumidos por este grupo populacional. Tendo esta premissa como referência, a Comissão Europeia estabeleceu, no Regulamento (CE) no 1881/2006, limite máximo de 10 μg/kg para a patulina em alimentos destinados a crianças.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar a ocorrência de patulina em alimentos destinados à alimentação infantil e avaliar a exposição humana decorrente do seu consumo. Foram analisadas 40 amostras de puré de fruta à base de maçã comercializadas em Portugal por método de ELISA competitivo. Todas as amostras estavam contaminadas com um teor de patulina superior ao LOD (1 μg/kg). Os teores das amostras variaram entre 1,43 e 23,28 μg/kg, com um valor médio de 5,78 ± 5,09 μg/kg.A exposição de lactentes e crianças jovens foi estimada para o pior, médio e melhor cenário, tendo sido obtido valores de EDI entre 0,0028 e 0,3582 μg/kg de p.c./dia. Para o pior cenário, correspondente ao consumo, por um lactente, de um boião (100g) com o teor máximo determinado, a EDI representa cerca de 89,55 % da DDAMP de patulina estabelecida pela JECFA (0,4 μg/kg de p.c./dia).Apesar de não ser estatisticamente significativo, as amostras de origem biológica, apresentam teores de contaminação superiores às amostras de origem convencional, conforme verificado em estudos anteriores realizados em produtos à base de maçã.Os resultados do presente estudo confirmam a necessidade de continuar a monitorização da exposição da população a esta micotoxina e implementar medidas que visem a diminuição da incidência da patulina e a consequente exposição das crianças.Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced by a set of fungal species of the genera Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, Penicillium and Paecilomyces of which Penicillium expansum is the most important species. It is a mycotoxin often found in apples and apple-based products, and therefore, its presence is indicative of the quality of the fruit used in production. Toxicity studies show that this mycotoxin is classified as mutagenic, genotoxic, immunosuppressive and neurotoxic.Patulin is a mycotoxin with particular interest in the field of children, given that it occurs mainly in apple-based products, widely consumed by this population group. With this premise as a reference, the European Commission collected, in Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006, a maximum limit of 10 μg/kg for patulin in foodstuffs for children.The objectives of the present study were to determine the occurrence of patulin in foods intended for infant feeding and to assess human exposure resulting from its consumption. Forty samples of apple-based fruit puree marketed in Portugal were analyzed using a competitive ELISA method. All samples were contaminated with a patulin content higher than LOD (1 μg/kg). The contents of the samples varied between 1.43 and 23.28 μg / kg, with an average value of 5,78 ± 5,09 μg/kg.The exposure of infants and young children was estimated for the worst, medium and best scenario, with EDI values between 0,0028 and 0,3582 μg/kg bw/day being obtained. For the worst scenario, corresponding to the consumption, by an infant, of a jar (100g) with the maximum content determined, the EDI represents about 89,55% of the DDAMP of patulin established by JECFA (0.4 μg/kg bw/day).The results of the present study confirm the need to continue monitoring the population's exposure to this mycotoxin and to implement measures aimed at reducing the incidence of patulin and the consequent exposure of children

Nutritional assessment of institutionalized elderly at a day care centre

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factores ambliogénicos em idade pré-escolar – rastreio no âmbito dos cuidados de saúde primários de uma área urbana: Date of submission: 19-07-2017 | Date of acceptance: 29-11-2017 | Published: 20-04-2018

Introdução: A ambliopia é a principal causa de perda de visão monocular em idade pediátrica, uma condição prevenível e reversível quando detetada e tratada atempadamente. O erro refrativo é a causa mais comum de ambliopia na infância e a sua deteção não se pode limitar à avaliação tradicional da visão feita nos cuidados primários. A aplicação de dispositivos de foto-rastreio apresenta elevado valor preditivo positivo (73%). Métodos: Análise prospetiva de fatores ambliogénicos em crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 12 meses e os 6 anos numa área urbana da região centro de Portugal, recorrendo a equipamento de foto-rastreio (Plusoptix®S04). Resultados: Foram rastreadas 409 crianças em idade pré-escolar. Destas, 49 (12%) apresentavam critérios para referenciação, 15 já eram seguidas em consulta de oftalmologia. Das 27 crianças que compareceram à consulta 19 (70,4%) foram diagnosticadas, sendo o diagnóstico de astigmatismo em oito, aniso-astigmatismo cinco, aniso-hipermetropia em quatro, miopia em uma e aniso-miopia em uma. Este método de rastreio demonstrou ter um valor preditivo positivo de 70%. Durante os 13,8 ± 6,8 meses de seguimento, todas as crianças melhoraram a acuidade visual com correção ótica. Discussão: Nenhuma criança mostrava sintomatologia que sugerisse perturbação da visão, o que se explica pelo facto dos sinais de diminuição da acuidade visual nestas idades passarem frequentemente despercebidos. O principal fator de risco para ambliopia foi o astigmatismo. A deteção de erros refrativos em idade pré-escolar não se pode limitar à observação tradicional em cuidados de saúde primários. O foto-rastreio demonstrou ser um excelente método de rastreio, respeitando todos os princípios estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde

Oxidation of amylose and amylopectin by hydroxyl radicals assessed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

The hydroxyl radicals (HO center dot) are one of the most reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the oxidative damage of biological molecules, including carbohydrates. During the industrial processing of food, ROS can be formed. In order to identify the structural changes induced in starch by oxidation, amylose, amylopectin, and maltotriose, an oligosaccharide structurally related to these polysaccharides, were subjected to oxidation with HO center dot generated under Fenton reaction conditions (Fe2+/H2O2). The oxidised polysaccharides were hydrolysed by alpha-amylase and the obtained oligosaccharides were fractionated by ligand-exchange/size-exclusion chromatography. Both acidic and neutral alpha-amylase resistant oligosaccharides were characterized by mass spectrometry. In oxidised neutral products, new keto, hydroxyl, and hydroperoxy moieties, and oxidative ring scission were observed at the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. The acid sugar residues occurred at the reducing end and included gluconic and glucuronic acid derivatives, and acids formed by oxidative ring scission, namely, arabinonic, erythronic, glyceric and glycolic acids. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

© 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.Background: Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. Methods: We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. Results: The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl-1 and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl-1 after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). Conclusions: Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl-1), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold

Intraoperative transfusion practices and perioperative outcome in the European elderly: A secondary analysis of the observational ETPOS study

The demographic development suggests a dramatic growth in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery in Europe. Most red blood cell transfusions (RBCT) are administered to older people, but little is known about perioperative transfusion practices in this population. In this secondary analysis of the prospective observational multicentre European Transfusion Practice and Outcome Study (ETPOS), we specifically evaluated intraoperative transfusion practices and the related outcomes of 3149 patients aged 65 years and older. Enrolled patients underwent elective surgery in 123 European hospitals, received at least one RBCT intraoperatively and were followed up for 30 days maximum. The mean haemoglobin value at the beginning of surgery was 108 (21) g/l, 84 (15) g/l before transfusion and 101 (16) g/l at the end of surgery. A median of 2 [1–2] units of RBCT were administered. Mostly, more than one transfusion trigger was present, with physiological triggers being preeminent. We revealed a descriptive association between each intraoperatively administered RBCT and mortality and discharge respectively, within the first 10 postoperative days but not thereafter. In our unadjusted model the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.08–1.15) and the HR for discharge was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74–0.83). After adjustment for several variables, such as age, preoperative haemoglobin and blood loss, the HR for mortality was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05–1.15) and HR for discharge was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87). Preoperative anaemia in European elderly surgical patients is undertreated. Various triggers seem to support the decision for RBCT. A closer monitoring of elderly patients receiving intraoperative RBCT for the first 10 postoperative days might be justifiable. Further research on the causal relationship between RBCT and outcomes and on optimal transfusion strategies in the elderly population is warranted. A thorough analysis of different time periods within the first 30 postoperative days is recommended