Diffractive Contribution to the Elasticity and the Nucleonic Flux in the Atmosphere

We calculate the average elasticity considering non-diffractive and single diffractive interactions and perform an analysis of the cosmic-ray flux by means of an analytical solution for the nucleonic diffusion equation. We show that the diffractive contribution is important for the adequate description of the nucleonic and hadronic fluxes in the atmosphere.Comment: 10 pages, latex, 2 figures (uuencoded PostScript

Особливості використання хмарних систем перекладу в процесі формування інформаційної компетентності перекладачів

The current trends in the translator training are shown, which reflect the orientation towards the use of cloud-based automated translation systems. The possibilities of studying cloud-based translation systems in the educational process of training the translator are considered. The role of mastering modern translation tools for forming information competence of translators, particularly technological component, was described. The definition of the list and type of basic translation tools that should be mastered in the studying process was discussed. These tools should include automated translation systems and terminological management systems. It is advisable to provide for the study of both desktop and cloud-based systems. The inclusion in the content of the training translators the study of cloud-based systems of automated translation after desktop systems is proposed. A number of advantages of cloud-based translation systems for the use in the process of training the translators is defined and substantiated. A comparative analysis of the functional of cloud-based automated translation systems (Wordfast Anywhere, XTM Cloud, and MemSource) with the aim of including them in the content of the training program for translators has been carried out.Показано сучасні тенденції підготовки перекладачів, які відображають орієнтацію на використання хмарних автоматизованих систем перекладу. Розглянуто можливості вивчення хмарних систем перекладу в навчальному процесі підготовки перекладача. Описано роль освоєння сучасних засобів перекладу для формування інформаційної компетентності перекладачів, зокрема технологічної складової. Було обговорено визначення переліку та типу основних засобів перекладу, які слід засвоїти в процесі вивчення. Ці інструменти повинні включати автоматизовані системи перекладу та системи термінологічного управління. Доцільно передбачити вивчення як настільних, так і хмарних систем. Запропоновано включення до змісту навчальних перекладачів вивчення хмарних систем автоматизованого перекладу після настільних систем. Визначено та обґрунтовано ряд переваг хмарних систем перекладу для використання у процесі навчання перекладачів. Проведено порівняльний аналіз функціонування хмарних систем автоматизованого перекладу (Wordfast Anywhere, XTM Cloud та MemSource) з метою включення їх у зміст навчальної програми для перекладачів

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study

Background Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.Methods In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021. Patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules were divided into three groups according to when they underwent surgery: from Jan 1, 2019, to Feb 29, 2020 (global prepandemic phase), from March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021 (pandemic escalation phase), and from June 1 to Dec 31, 2021 (pandemic decrease phase). The main outcomes were, for each phase, the number of surgeries for indeterminate thyroid nodules, and in patients with a postoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancers, the occurrence of tumours larger than 10 mm, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, distant metastases, and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence. Univariate analysis was used to compare the probability of aggressive thyroid features between the first and third study phases. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05178186.Findings Data from 157 centres (n=49 countries) on 87 467 patients who underwent surgery for benign and malignant thyroid disease were collected, of whom 22 974 patients (18 052 [78 center dot 6%] female patients and 4922 [21 center dot 4%] male patients) received surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules. We observed a significant reduction in surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the pandemic escalation phase (median monthly surgeries per centre, 1 center dot 4 [IQR 0 center dot 6-3 center dot 4]) compared with the prepandemic phase (2 center dot 0 [0 center dot 9-3 center dot 7]; p<0 center dot 0001) and pandemic decrease phase (2 center dot 3 [1 center dot 0-5 center dot 0]; p<0 center dot 0001). Compared with the prepandemic phase, in the pandemic decrease phase we observed an increased occurrence of thyroid tumours larger than 10 mm (2554 [69 center dot 0%] of 3704 vs 1515 [71 center dot 5%] of 2119; OR 1 center dot 1 [95% CI 1 center dot 0-1 center dot 3]; p=0 center dot 042), lymph node metastases (343 [9 center dot 3%] vs 264 [12 center dot 5%]; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 2-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0001), and tumours at high risk of structural disease recurrence (203 [5 center dot 7%] of 3584 vs 155 [7 center dot 7%] of 2006; OR 1 center dot 4 [1 center dot 1-1 center dot 7]; p=0 center dot 0039).Interpretation Our study suggests that the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic period could have led to an increased occurrence of aggressive thyroid tumours. However, other compelling hypotheses, including increased selection of patients with aggressive malignancies during this period, should be considered. We suggest that surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules should no longer be postponed even in future instances of pandemic escalation.Funding None.Copyright (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) - 2018 Summary Report

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years

Features of the use of cloud-based translation systems in the process of forming information competence of translators

The current trends in the translator training are shown, which reflect the orientation towards the use of cloud-based automated translation systems. The possibilities of studying cloud-based translation systems in the educational process of training the translator are considered. The role of mastering modern translation tools for forming information competence of translators, particularly technological component, was described. The definition of the list and type of basic translation tools that should be mastered in the studying process was discussed. These tools should include automated translation systems and terminological management systems. It is advisable to provide for the study of both desktop and cloud-based systems. The inclusion in the content of the training translators the study of cloud-based systems of automated translation after desktop systems is proposed. A number of advantages of cloud-based translation systems for the use in the process of training the translators is defined and substantiated. A comparative analysis of the functional of cloud-based automated translation systems (Wordfast Anywhere, XTM Cloud, and MemSource) with the aim of including them in the content of the training program for translators has been carried out.</jats:p

Information and technology case as an indicator of information competence level of the translator

The article deals with the innovative approach to the organization of the information training of translators. The proposed approach will ensure not only the formation of information competence of future translators, but also the formation of an individual information and technology case of the translator. The components of an individual information and technology case are determined. They may include electronic terminology databases, translation memory databases for use in automated translation systems, databases of electronic links to terminological resources network, databases of electronic links to corpora of parallel texts. The using information and technology case of the translator as one of the diagnostic tools for evaluating the information competence level of the translator is proposed. It was found that the creating information and technology case is effective in developing information literacy and improving information technology skills

Improving the content of training future translators in the aspect of studying modern CAT tools

The article deals with the search for improving the content of training for future translators, taking into account the expansion of the use of information technologies in the field of translation. The results of a study of curriculums for translators at the universities of Europe, America and Asia are presented. The use of CAT systems in the work of translation agencies is shown. The presentation of various CAT systems in training programs for translators and their use in the market of translation services is analyzed. It has been established that both university curricula and translation agencies are oriented, as a rule, not to one, but to several CAT systems. The results of a student survey based on their practice in translation agencies are presented. Recommendations have been developed regarding the inclusion of the most common CAT systems in the training program for translators. The expediency of studying not just one, but several CAT systems is substantiated. The necessity of studying both desktop and cloud CAT systems is indicated.</jats:p

Integrated testing system of information competence components of future translators

The article deals with the diagnosis of the formation of the information competence components of translators through testing. The use of testing to determine the level of formation of the information-thematic component of the information competence of translators is demonstrated. It has been established that one of the ways to form the information-thematic component of information competence in the aspect of studying terminology can be the use of thematic networks. The development of a thematic network is shown on the example of the thematic network “Electrical equipment”. The stages of test control, which are consistent with the logic of the organization of the educational process and the process of forming the information competence of the future translator according to the scheme of the developed thematic network, have been determined. These stages are the current, thematic, modular, final testing. The main types of test tasks are defined, the combination of which allows diagnosing the level of formation of the information-thematic component of students’ information competence. Criteria and principles for the selection of test tasks for each of the testing stages are proposed. The ratio of test tasks of different types and complexity at the determined testing stages has been developed. The results of an experimental study on the diagnosis of the formation of the informationthematic component of the information competence of future translators by applying the developed integrative testing system using the Moodle platform are presented