Vitamin D, Insulin Resistance and Cytokine Levels in Obese Pubertal Children

Insulin resistance (IR) develops in obese children because of low vitamin levels and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. This study aimed to analyze the relation between vitamin D, insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels at admission and after weight loss. This study included 84 obese and 28 healthy pubertal children. Patient group was divided into four: IR positive and negative; weight loss (WL) positive and negative. Baseline and follow-up (6th month) values of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other parameters were evaluated. The prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 3.6% and 21.4% in the control group, 15.2% and 10.9% and 7.9% and 15.8% in the obese insulin positive and negative group; respectively. There was no relationship between vitamin D and IRand IL-6 levels, whereas cytokine levels were lower in obese children. As WL increased, vitamin D level and IR improved. No significant difference was found between vitamin D levels of obese and control subjects. In obese children with weight loss, an insignificant increase was observed in vitamin D, cytokines, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index values and an insignificant decrease was noted in homeostatic model assessment for IR value. Further longitudinal studies with larger patient series with greater WL are warranted

Evaluation of Permanent Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in Young Adults with Childhood Onset GHD: A multicenter study

Background: Reconfirming the diagnosis of childhood onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in young adults is necessary to demonstrate the need for continuation of GH therapy

Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Levels in Healthy Children Between 0 and 6 Years of Age

Objective: Along with growth hormone (GH) levels, measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are used in the diagnosis of GH deficiency and in monitoring the efficacy and safety of long-term GH treatment. The purpose of the present study was to establish reference values for serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in healthy Turkish children less than 6 years of age

Is blue light exposure a cause of precocious puberty in male rats?

PurposeOur study aimed to examine the effects of blue light exposure on prepubertal male rats’ puberty and testis tissue.MethodsEighteen 21-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups consisting of six rats in each group: Control Group (CG), Blue Light-6 hours (BL-6), and Blue Light-12 hours (BL-12). CG rats were maintained with 12/12-hour light-dark cycles. The rats of BL-6 and BL-12 were exposed to blue light (450-470nm/irradiance level 0.03uW/cm2) for 6 hours and 12 hours, respectively. Rats were exposed to blue light until the first signs of puberty. The ELISA method was used to analyze the serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, DHEA-S, leptin, ghrelin, melatonin, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Testes were dissected for histomorphological examination.ResultsThe medians of the pubertal entry days of the CG, BL-6, and BL-12 were 38th, 30th, and 28th days, respectively. (p:0.001) The FSH, LH, and testosterone concentrations of all groups were similar. The FSH concentration increased as the LH concentration increased (r: 0.82 p: 0.001). The serum LH concentration increased as serum testosterone, and DHEAS decreased, respectively (r: -0.561, p: 0.01) (r:-0.55 p:0.01). Testicular lengths and weights of the BL groups were smaller compared to CG (p: 0.03),(p: 0.04). GPx was higher for BL-6 and BL-12 than the CG (p:0.021, p:0.024). Testis tissue was compatible with the pubertal period in all groups. As the blue light exposure time increased, spermatogenesis was suppressed, and capillary dilatation and edema in the testis tissue increased.ConclusionOur study is the first to show the effects of blue light exposure on male rats’ puberty process. And we showed that exposure to blue light and the duration of exposure lead to precocious puberty in male rats. The blue light exposure suppressed spermatogenesis, marked vasodilatation in the interstitial area of the testis, and disrupted the integrity of the basement membrane. These findings intensified with increasing exposure time

Immunogenicity, safety and clinical outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

IntroductionThe mRNA-based BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine has been shown to elicit robust systemic immune response and confer substantial protection against the severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a favorable safety profile in adolescents. However, no data exist regarding immunogenicity, reactogenicity and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 vaccines in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this prospective observational cohort study, we examined the humoral immune responses and side effects induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine, as well as, the rate and symptomatology of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections after completion of dual-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with T1D and compared their data with those of healthy control adolescents. The new data obtained after the vaccination of adolescents with T1D could guide their further COVID-19 vaccination schedule.MethodsA total of 132 adolescents with T1D and 71 controls were enrolled in the study, of whom 81 COVID-19 infection-naive adolescents with T1D (patient group) and 40 COVID-19 infection-naive controls (control group) were eligible for the final analysis. The response of participants to the BNT162b2 vaccine was assessed by measuring their serum IgG antibodies to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 4–6 weeks after the receipt of first and second vaccine doses. Data about the adverse events of the vaccine was collected after the receipt of each vaccine dose. The rate of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections was evaluated in the 6-month period following second vaccination.ResultsAfter vaccinations, adolescents with T1D and controls exhibited similar, highly robust increments in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers. All the participants in the patient and control groups developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers over 1,050 AU/ml after the second vaccine dose which is associated with a neutralizing effect. None of the participants experienced severe adverse events. The rate of breakthrough infections in the patient group was similar to that in the control group. Clinical symptomatology was mild in all cases.ConclusionOur findings suggest that two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine administered to adolescents with T1D elicits robust humoral immune response, with a favorable safety profile and can provide protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection similar to that in healthy adolescents

Diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası kullanımı izlem sonuçları

Amaç: Çocuklarda kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmasına rağmen, diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası uygulanımma dair yayınlanmış veri yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı diyabetli Türk çocuklarında insülin pompası uygulanmanın sonuçlarım araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yaş ortalaması 14.7±2.6 yıl, pompa kullanım süresi 3-24 ay olan on diyabetik çocuğun verileri incelenmiş, ve pompa kullanımı öncesi bir senelik sürede elde edilen verilerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmamakla birlikte, HbAlc düzeyi pompa öncesi döneme kıyasla azalma eğiliminde idi. Vücut kitle indeksi Z skorları benzerdi (Pompa öncesi ve sonrası sırasıyla; 0.45±0.76 ve 0.54±0.53 kg/m2, p>0.05). Ortalama insülin dozu azalmıştı (Pompa öncesi ve sonrası sırasıyla; l.l±0.2 ve 0.9±0.1 U/kg/gün, p0.05). Sonuç: İzlemde değerlendirilen önemli parametrelerde istikrarlı düzelme sağlanmış olması, insülin pompası tedavisinin diyabetli Türk çocuklarında etkili ve güvenilir bir yöntem olduğunu göstermektedir.Purpose: Although its use is increasing in children, there are no data about pump use in Turkish children with diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome measures of insulin pump use in diabetic Turkish children. Materials and Methods: Ten children (age; 14.7±2.6 years, pump therapy duration; 3-24 months) were prospectively studied. Main outcome measures were compared with those of the 12 months prior to pump therapy. Results: Although statistically insignificant, HbAlc tended to be lower compared to the pre-pump period. Body mass index Z scores remained similar (0.45±0.76 vs. 0.54±0.53 kg/m2, p>0.05). Insulin doses decreased (l.l±0.2 vs. 0.9±0.1 U/kg/day, p0.05). Conclusion: The consistency of the improvements in main outcome measures and their maintenance over time in our study suggest that pump therapy is safe and effective in diabetic Turkish children

Insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels of children living in an iodine- and selenium-deficient endemic goiter area

Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were investigated in 31 children living in an endemic goiter area and 33 healthy subjects living in an nonendemic area. Serum lGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels of iodine- and selenium deficient children were found to be lower than those of control subjects (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the IGF-I with chronological age and body mass index. There was also positive correlation between the lGF-I and IGFBP-3. No significant difference was found between the goitrous and nongoitrous children. These results suggest that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels are affected by thyroid dysfunction as a result of iodine and selenium deficiency. However, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels are not associated with goiter

The Rate of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Children, the Effect of Recommendation and the Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Recommendation: An Interventional Study

Objective: To investigate the vaccination rate of influenza in diabetic children and the effect of recommendation and other factors on vaccination rate.Material and Methods: On July 2011, 144 diabetic children and their families were informed about and were recommended to receive the influenza vaccine every year, in September. On December 2011, parents were questioned about the vaccination.Results: Influenza vaccination rate of the previous season (28.3%) increased to 50.0% (p<0.05). Receiving the vaccine in 2010 was the only contributing factor to the recommendation success. The reasons given by the non-receivers were; forgetting (50.0%), fear of adverse-effects (26.4%), not believing in usefulness (15.2%), rejection by the child (4.2%) and effects of media (4.2%). 88.9% of those who forgot declared that they would receive if they were reminded at the beginning of the season.Conclusion: The rate of influenza vaccination was low. The majority of those who didn’t recieve the vaccination declared that they would if they were reminded at the beginning of the season and the fact that “receiving the vaccine in 2010” was the only factor influencing the recommendation success indicate that recommending isn’t enough but that reminding and giving detailed information about the vaccine will increase vaccination rates independent of other factors