Styles of Learning According to Felder & Soloman Model and its Relation with Synthetic Thinking of Graduate Students in the Departments of Chemistry

This research aims to identify: 1-favorite learning Styles of the study group according to Felder & Soloman Model; 2- investigate, according to Felder & Soloman Model, if there are any statistically significant differences of favorite learning style due to gender variable; 3- find out the synthetic thinking of the participants; 4-to find out if there are any statistically significant differences among participants in terms of their synthetic thinking according to gender variable; 5- investigate if there are any statistically significant differences in terms of learning styles of synthetic thinking and in Felder & Soloman model according to gender variable; 6-investigate the differences in relation to learning styles in synthetic thinking and in Felder & Soloman model according to (gender and college) variables. The participants were selected purposefully and they were composed of 275 MA students (86 males from colleges of education and sciences and 189 females from colleges of education and sciences) in the colleges of education and department of chemistry in all colleges of sciences. The researchers have made a measure for styles of learning according to Felder & Soloman model consisted of 36 items distributed on five dipole styles and test of synthetic thinking consists of 12 essay questions distributed in 6 skills. The psychometric characteristics were affirmed by face validity and validity by internal consistency. The SPSS program was used The results have revealed that 1-The research sample subjects used (serial, optical, sensual, meditation, active, intuitional, spelling, and finally total style).as the styles (optical, sensual, serial) comes at first degree and the other (intuitional, spelling and title) were not indication and came in hypothetical. 2-Not all the styles are influenced by gender and college variables and interaction between college variables for chemistry departments. 3-Weak synthetic thinking in MA students in colleges of education and colleges of science for chemistry departments. 4-Synthetical thinking is influenced by gender variables in favor of males because their average 5,1628 is bigger than females average 3.1746. Also synthetic thinking is not influenced by college variables and the interaction between gender and college. 5-There is positive extreme indication relation between styles of learning according to Felder & Soloman model on synthetic thinking in institutional and (optical) indicated for males’ favor, (meditation) for education, serial in favor of sciences

Estimates of Initial Coefficients in Some Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions

In the present paper, we investigate the issue of coefficient estimates in subclasses of bi-univalent  functions, where an estimate for the second Hankel determinant in the subclass  , which is defined  by  Murugusundaramoorthy  (2013),  was obtained.  Also, an estimate for coefficient  in  the subclass  ,  which  is defined by Frasin (2014), was found. Moreover, estimates for both coefficient  and the second Hankel determinant in the subclass were obtained.

Influence of resin cement shade on the color and translucency of zirconia crowns

Zirconia crowns are highly attractive for clinicians, although have poor translucency when used as single restorations, in addition to unknown effect of resin cement shade on final cemented crown shade. This study aimed to assess effect of resin cement opacity on color replication potential of different zirconia frameworks with target tooth color, in addition to different zirconia crowns translucency evaluation. Twenty-four zirconia crown restorations were fabricated to restore single central maxillary incisor for 8 patients, divided into 3 groups according to color and type of zirconia used (white Zr core, colored Zr core and monolithic HT Zrcowns). Each group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups according to resin cement shade. Using Easyshade spectrophotometer, Delta E color difference was calculated between each crown parameters using 2 different resin luting cement shades and adjacent target tooth. Translucency parameters (TP) were tested for finished crowns. ?Es obtained were assessed based on ?Eof 1.6 which represented color difference that could not be detected by human eye and considered clinically acceptable. No statistically significant values were found between subgroups related to different resin cement shade. Translucency parameters showed statistically significant different values. Monolithic crowns showed highest translucency parameters followed by Zr crowns on white cores then Zr crowns on colored cores. Resin cement shade didn?t affect final color perception. Monolithic high translucency crowns usage gained advantages of high translucency and delamination prevention. Zirconia crowns could be cemented by opaque or transparent cement without affecting final color

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Photosynthetic pigments in Euglena gracilis

The study was conducted during 2017 in the laboratories of the department of Botany at Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. The effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV-C and UV-B) for different periods (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 15, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes) on the photosynthetic pigments of Euglena gracilis (with three stages of measurements) was studied. The results showed that chlorophyll pigments were more sensitive to UV-C compared to UV-B. These reductions were correlated with the increase in the exposure time, reaching the lowest value after 60 minutes exposure (97.83, 98.73, 99.18% for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids when measured after 24 hours respectively). The polyethylene films protect the chlorophyll pigments against UV radiation. The protection rate was more evident against UV-C reaching 7.78% after 24 hours in the algae exposed for 30 minutes according to the experimental conditions.

Influence of core color on final shade reproduction of zirconia crown in single central incisor situation ? An in vivo study

A lot of shaded zirconia blocks are being introduced into the market. Their effect on the final shade of the restoration is yet uncertain. Twenty-four zirconia crowns were fabricated for 8 patients who needed to restore a single maxillary central incisor, and divided into 3 groups according to the color and type of the zirconia (Zr) used (white Zr core, colored Zr core, and monolithic high translucency (ht) Zr crowns). Using Easyshade spectrophotometer, delta E color difference was calculated between fabricated crown and adjacent tooth. The ?Es obtained were assessed based on 1.6 ?E which represented the color difference that could not be detected by the human eye and considered clinically acceptable. No statistically significant values were found between the 3 groups related to different Zr color and type. Within the limitations of this study, it could be concluded that the shade of the zirconia blank had no significant effect on the final color of the crown. This raises reasonable doubt about the necessity to use colored zirconia blanks or use of dip-in solutions. The clinical implications were that, there was no need to use colored zirconia cores to get more esthetically pleasing restorations with respect to color perception. The use of monolithic high translucent zirconia crowns gained the advantages of high translucency and color reproduction

HIV-1 TAR miRNA protects against apoptosis by altering cellular gene expression

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RNA interference is a gene regulatory mechanism that employs small RNA molecules such as microRNA. Previous work has shown that HIV-1 produces TAR viral microRNA. Here we describe the effects of the HIV-1 TAR derived microRNA on cellular gene expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a variation of standard techniques we have cloned and sequenced both the 5' and 3' arms of the TAR miRNA. We show that expression of the TAR microRNA protects infected cells from apoptosis and acts by down-regulating cellular genes involved in apoptosis. Specifically, the microRNA down-regulates ERCC1 and IER3, protecting the cell from apoptosis. Comparison to our cloned sequence reveals possible target sites for the TAR miRNA as well.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The TAR microRNA is expressed in all stages of the viral life cycle, can be detected in latently infected cells, and represents a mechanism wherein the virus extends the life of the infected cell for the purpose of increasing viral replication.</p

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

COVID 19 pandemic challenges and their management: A review of medicines, vaccines, patents and clinical trials with emphasis on psychological health issues

The SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID 19) paroxysm is a dominant health exigency that caused significant distress, affecting physical and mental health. Increased mortality, a stressed healthcare system, financial crisis, isolation, and new living and working styles enhanced societal commiseration leading to poor health outcomes. Though people try to maintain good physical health but unfortunately the mental affliction is still ignored. Poor psychological health has emerged as a burgeoning social issue and demands attention. Henceforth, the fundamental objective of this review article is to collate information about COVID-linked physical and psychological agony in diverse population groups with related symptoms and accessible diagnosis techniques. Recent studies have unraveled the fragile mental states of people who have either contracted COVID 19 or had near and dear ones falling prey to it. The impact of the epidemic on the human mind both in short and long-term, with possible risk and preventive factors together with suggested solutions for maintaining good health have also been discussed here. It also enlists the available medications, vaccines and investigational research in the form of patents and clinical trials. This article can be taken as an updated information sheet for COVID 19, accompanied by its management techniques with special emphasis on coping strategies for mental health. Further, it may also assist the policymakers to devise approaches that could enable the public to overcome the pandemic-driven adversity not only in the given situation but also futuristically

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit