音楽科における教育内容論の成立と展開に関する研究 : 授業構成の方法との関連を視野に入れて

関西学院大

Development of Safety Measures of Bicycle Trafflc by Observation wffh Deep-Leamlng, Drive Recorder Data, Probe Blcycle wlth LIDAR, and Connected Simulators

This research outlines the development of evaluating safety measures for bicycle traffic using state-of-the-art technology, which was started since 2020 as a four-year project. The project is funded by the Commission on Advanced Road Technology in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(MLIT). While Japan has a high bicycle modal share of 12% (2010), bicycle-related fatalities are relatively high among other countries in the IRTAD database (2019). Under these circumstances, since 2007, various measures for bicycle traffic measures have been implemented to improve the safe bicycle traffic environment, including the revision of the Road Traffic Act and the formulation of a national plan to promote bicycle use. However, serious accidents involving bicycles are remained in some specific cases. According to the government's traffic accident analysis results (2019), right-hook crash at signalized intersections are one of the most serious types of collision involving bicycles, along with accidents at unsignalized intersections involving vehicles turning left, rear-end collisions, and single vehicle accidents due to off-road deviation. In particular, proactive safety measures are required at signalized intersections along arterial roads, where electric personal mobility vehicles traveling at speeds of up to 20 km/h are expected to share with bicycles in the future. In order to evaluate safety measures for bicycle-vehicle crashes, this project set the following goals. 1) Identify factors influencing near-miss incidents and collisions through analysis of drive recorder data and accident statistical data. 2) Detailed analysis of traffic conditions from the cyclist's perspective using a probe bicycle equipped with a LiDAR sensor. 3) Development of an experimental environment using a connected simulator for evaluation of cooperative driving behavior. 4) Clarification of experimental conditions to evaluate different scenarios and conditions with and without intervention. 5) Proposal of effective interventions to improve crash cases based on experiments

Relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air and tongue coating volume

Objective Acetaldehyde is the first metabolite of ethanol and is produced in the epithelium by mucosal ALDH, while higher levels are derived from microbial oxidation of ethanol by oral microflora such as Candida species. However, it is uncertain whether acetaldehyde concentration in human breath is related to oral condition or local production of acetaldehyde by oral microflora. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between physiological acetaldehyde concentration and oral condition in healthy volunteers. Material and Methods Sixty-five volunteers (51 males and 14 females, aged from 20 to 87 years old) participated in the present study. Acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air was measured using a portable monitor. Oral examination, detection of oral Candida species and assessment of alcohol sensitivity were performed. Results Acetaldehyde concentration [median (25%, 75%)] in mouth air was 170.7 (73.5, 306.3) ppb. Acetaldehyde concentration in participants with a tongue coating status score of 3 was significantly higher than in those with a score of 1 (

Relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air and characteristics of microbiota of tongue dorsum in Japanese healthy adults: a cross-sectional study

Acetaldehyde, associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages, is known to be a carcinogen and to be related to the tongue dorsum. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air and bacterial characteristics on the tongue dorsum. Methodology: Thirty-nine healthy volunteers participated in the study. Acetaldehyde concentrations in mouth air were evaluated by a high-sensitivity semiconductor gas sensor. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was used to compare microbiomes between two groups, focusing on the six samples with the highest acetaldehyde concentrations (HG) and the six samples with lowest acetaldehyde concentrations (LG). Results: Acetaldehyde concentration increased in correlation with the increase in bacterial count (p=0.048). The number of species observed in the oral microbiome of the HG was higher than that in the oral microbiome of the LG (p=0.011). The relative abundances of Gemella sanguinis, Veillonella parvula and Neisseria flavescens in the oral microbiome of the HG were higher than those in the oral microbiome of the LG (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air was associated with bacterial count, diversity of microbiome, and relative abundance of G. sanguinis, V. parvula, and N. flavescens

音楽的表現手段の獲得に関する一考察

近年,大学生の学力低下は,新聞報道などでもしばしば取り上げられている問題である。たとえば,わり算ができない大学生といった,小・中の教育内容を理解していない学生のデータなども公にされている。このような兆候は,音楽科においても同様である。本文で述べるように,ト音記号とは何なのかを知らない,移動ドで読めないという大学生は珍しくない。音楽科には,この点に関して,さらに憂慮すべき問題を抱えている。たとえば,わり算をできない大学生がいても,その学生が教職をとり,教壇に立った時には,わり算ができないでは済まされない。教材研究はもとより,先だって,わり算とは何か,という概念的研究から教育内容研究を行うことは必至であろう。しかし,音楽科においては,ト音記号とは何かを知らなくても,教壇に立つことを恐れる,という傾向はみられない。知らないことを恥じない。つまり,教育内容研究に対する意識が著しく低いのである。これは,「音楽は楽しく」というスローガンのあまり,幼児期,児童期を通じて,音楽を理解する楽しみより,コミュニケーション的な場の雰囲気の楽しさを追求しすぎた結果でもある。本稿では,このような大学生の傾向から,音楽科の教育内容としての音楽表現手段に関する検討を行った

幼児教育職教育カリキュラムの予備的考察大韓民国市立仁川専門大学要覧を中心に

本稿では,大韓民国仁川市の市立仁川専門大学要覧における幼児教育科カリキュラムを紹介し,考察を行う。要覧は,一部を除いてすべてハングル文字で書かれているため,翻訳を行った。周知のように,現在我が国では,少子化による受験人口の減少,国立大学の独立行政法人化など,大学の存亡に関わる変動が生じており,全国的に,大学・短大の改組を含めた学生確保が検討されている。本学も例外ではなく,本年,看護学科では将来構想に関する調査をスタートさせ,幼児教育学科でも将来構想ワーキンググループを中心に学科の将来的見通しを模索中である。特に,幼児教育学科では,このような状況から,他大学の保育士・幼稚園教諭養成校のカリキュラムを検討するべく,収集をはじめている。本稿は,そのような状況下における予備的なカリキュラム研究として,隣国,大韓民国の公立短大幼児教育学科カリキュラムの一例を紹介するものである。なお,韓国における専門大学は,わが国における2年制の短期大学にあたる

Association of dental occlusal support with the Prognostic Nutritional Index in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy

Background The Prognostic Nutritional Index is useful for predicting surgical risk and overall survival based on preoperative immunological and nutritional status in patients undergoing digestive organ cancer surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index and dental status in patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy. Methods This retrospective case–control study included 73 patients who underwent resection of esophageal cancer (69 males, 4 females; age 36–83). General and dental status were evaluated. The Prognostic Nutritional Index was calculated based on the serum albumin concentration and the total lymphocyte count, and subjects were divided into two groups based on index scores: a higher group, characterized by scores ≥ 45 (n = 54); and a lower group, characterized by scores Results Total protein, C-reactive protein, the number of sound and total decayed, missing and filled teeth, and the rate of patients with poor dental occlusal support showed significant differences between the lower and higher Prognostic Nutritional Index groups (p  Conclusion Dental status, especially dental occlusal support and the number of sound teeth, showed a positive relationship with the Prognostic Nutritional Index in esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy

Change in tongue pressure and the related factors after esophagectomy: a short-term, longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a prominent symptom after esophagectomy and may cause aspiration pneumonia. Swallowing evaluation after esophagectomy can predict and help control the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the change in tongue pressure was associated with any related factor and postoperative dysphagia/pneumonia in patients with esophageal cancer after esophagectomy. METHODS: Fifty-nine inpatients (41 males and 18 females; 33-77 years old) who underwent esophagectomy participated in this study. Measurement of tongue pressure and the repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was performed before esophagectomy (baseline) and at 2 weeks postoperatively. The general data were collected from patients' medical records, including sex, age, type of cancer, cancer stage, location of cancer, operative approach, history of previous chemotherapy, surgical duration, amount of bleeding during surgery, incidences of postoperative complications, intubation period, period between surgery and initiation of oral alimentation, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, blood chemical analysis, and lifestyle. RESULTS: Tongue pressure decreased significantly after esophagectomy (p = 0.011). The decrease of tongue pressure was significantly associated with length of ICU stay and preoperative tongue pressure on multiple regression analysis (p  CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in tongue pressure was significantly associated with the length of ICU stay, preoperative tongue pressure, and the incidence of dysphagia and pneumonia among inpatient after esophagectomy

Distribution of Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica Revealed by Environmental DNA

絶滅危惧種ニホンウナギの分布域を環境DNA解析で推定. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-03-03.The abundance of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica has rapidly decreased in recent decades. Following a re-evaluation of the possibility of extinction, the Japanese Ministry of the Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature listed the Japanese eel as an endangered species in 2013 and 2014, respectively. However, their abundance and precise distribution have never been clarified owing to their nocturnality and difficulty in their capture. In this study, the distribution of Japanese eels was investigated by monitoring for environmental DNA (eDNA), a non-invasive and efficient detection method. A total of 365 water samples were collected from 265 rivers located throughout Japan. High concentrations of eDNA of Japanese eels were detected in rivers on the Pacific side, but were low in the Sea of Japan side. In particular, very little eDNA amplification was confirmed from Hokkaido and the north of the Sea of Japan. The eDNA distribution in Japanese rivers coincides with the transport of the larvae in the ocean, as estimated by numerical simulations. Generalized linear mixed models were developed to explain the distribution of eDNA concentrations. The total nitrogen concentration emerged as an important factor in the best model. These results indicate that the distribution of Japanese eel is mostly determined by the maritime larval transport, and their survival and growth depend on the abundance of food in the river. The findings of the present study are useful for the management of populations and in the conservation of Japanese eels

幼児期の音楽活動における保育者の視点 : 鼓隊指導の場合

The activity of marching band has a poor reputation as a music activity in early childhood education. However, the marching band is arranged, and taken up as a unique child care activity as well as English lessons and the swimming instruction in some nursery schools and kindergartens. Why is the activity of the marching band supported, but at the same time, why is it thought to be problematic? I analyze teachers\u27 verbal instruction when marching band is instructed, and search for the meaning and the problem of the marching band instruction in the child care practice. In the research, first of all, I analyzed the teachers\u27 verbal instruction in the kind and the frequency. And I clarified how frequent teachers\u27 verbal instruction is provided for the activity