モンゴルコク ユウボクミン ノ ソウゲン リヨウ ト カチク セイサン

本調査は,1998年から2000年にわたる3年間において,ウランバートル郊外とこれより約400km先の北部,東部などの地域における草地の生育状態と家畜の飼育状況について調査し,近年のモンゴル遊牧民の放牧方法と家畜生産を探った。その結果,社会主義体制時代までの遊牧民は放牧家畜の扱い方において,経験的調節と優れた視力などによる伝統的放牧方法で継承し,安定した家畜生産を行っていたと思われるが,市場経済体制の転換により,自由な放牧利用の過放牧が草原の牧養力を低下させ,冬季6～7カ月間で飼育家畜の体重が激減し,さらに旱魃,雪害が加わるとこれまでにない多くの家畜を斃死させていることが判明した。したがって今後は小麦の麦稈サイレージの調製,備蓄草地の適正利用方法とこれらの運搬に伴う道路整備,通信方法などのインフラの開発を行い,モンゴル全地域における冬季の飼料確保を検討する必要があると思われた。The site of investigation is the northern region and an area in the eastern part 400km from Ulaanbaatar. Grassland growth, livestock productivity and the way of grazing of Mongolian nomads in recent years were researched. It was found that former nomads acceded in the traditional way in empirical control of the grazing livestock. Excellent eyesight and treatment enabled continuing stable livestock production without overgrazing because of the free grazing use. However, the conversion to a market economic structure caused grazing capacity to decline. Also, the winter season of 6 months to 7 months caused reduced weight of breeding livestock and death of a lot of livestock with a lot of damage from drought and snow. Therefore, silage preparation by wheat straw, the proper use of reserve grassland by hay making together with the development of infrastructure road service and communications seem to be necessary in order to secure feed in the winter season

Sedentary Time and All-Cause Mortality

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the association between sedentary time and mortality with regard to leisure‐time physical activity with or without cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from the J‐MICC (Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort) Study, 64 456 participants (29 022 men, 35 434 women) were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used to characterize the relative risk of all‐cause mortality to evaluate its association with sedentary time (categorical variables: <5, 5 to <7, 7 to <9, ≥9 h/d and 2‐hour increments in exposure) according to the self‐reported hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 2257 participants died during 7.7 years of follow‐up. The corresponding HRs for each 2‐hour increment in sedentary time among participants with all factors, no factors, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 1.153 (95% CI, 1.114–1.194), 1.125 (95% CI, 1.074–1.179), 1.202 (95% CI, 1.129–1.279), 1.176 (95% CI, 1.087–1.273), and 1.272 (95% CI, 1.159–1.396), respectively. Furthermore, when analyzed according to the combined different factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus), HRs increased with each additional factor, and participants reporting all 3 conditions had the highest HR of 1.417 (95% CI, 1.162–1.728) independently of leisure‐time metabolic equivalents. CONCLUSIONS: The association between sedentary time and increased mortality is stronger among patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus regardless of leisure‐time physical activity in a large Japanese population

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Cow's IgG1 and its proteolytic digests stimulate immunoglobulin formation in mouse spleen cell cultures

ArticleMilchwissenschaft. 62(1):9-12 (2007)journal articl