Determining the Risk Factors Causing Cancer with Logistic Regression Analysis

The number of cancer patients is gradually increasing, and the main cause of this disease is believed widely to be genetic. However, the mere cause of this disease is not genetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of such factors as individuals' demographic backgrounds, their dietary habits and their environments and living conditions on the risk of getting cancer. For this purpose, a questionnaire made up of Likert-type questions was developed to determine individuals' dietary habits and their environments and living conditions. The questionnaire was applied to a research sample of 1000 individuals selected among healthy individuals and those diagnosed as cancer. For the analysis of the data collected, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of the variables in question on cancer

In a real-life setting, direct-acting antivirals to people who inject drugs with chronic hepatitis c in Turkey

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus in the world. The aim of this study was to compare direct-acting antivirals treatment of hepatitis C virus for PWID and non-PWID in a real-life setting. Methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multicenter cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with direct-acting antivirals between April 1, 2017, and February 28, 2019, were included. In total, 2713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up, and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID-infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow-up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: Direct-acting antivirals were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis

Antrasen türevli yeni bir iletken polimer sentezi ve elektrokromik cihaz bileşeni olarak kullanımı.

2,3-Dihydro-5-(10-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)anthracen-9-yl)thieno [3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (DTAT) was synthesized via linking 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene (EDOT) on anthracene by Stille coupling. Homopolymer P(DTAT) was achieved by electrochemical techniques. The polymer, P(DTAT) was electrosynthesized by anodic oxidation of the corresponding monomer in the presence of 0.1 M LiClO4 as the supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Copolymer of DTAT in the presence of EDOT was synthesized via potentiodynamic method in ACN/LiClO4 (0.1 M) solvent-electrolyte couple. Structural characterizations of the sample was carried out via 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical behaviors of the monomer and polymers were determined by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Electrochromic and spectroelectrochemical behavior of the polymers were investigated on ITO glass electrode, and their ability of employment in device construction was examined. Spectroelectrochemistry analysis of P(DTAT) revealed an electronic transition at 505 nm corresponding to π-π* transition with a band gap of 1.57 eV. In order to investigate electronic structure of the copolymers obtained by different applied potentials, spectroelectrochemistry studies were performed. Electrochromic investigations showed that P(DTAT) switches between yellow and blue while P(DTAT-co-EDOT) was found to be multichromic, switching between claret red neutral state, a gray and a red intermediate state, and a blue oxidized state. Switching time of the polymers was evaluated by a kinetic study upon measuring the percent transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast point. Dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(DTAT-co-EDOT) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic switching of the device was studied. They were found to have good switching times and reasonable contrasts.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Expressionas Biomarker

Sitokrom P450 enzimleri endojen bileşiklerin, çok sayıda çevresel karsinojen ve toksik kimyasalın ve zenobiyotiklerin metabolizmasından sorumludur. Özellikle CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 ve CYP2E1 genleri kimyasalların biyotransformasyonundan ve prekarsinojenlerin metabolik aktivasyonundan başlıca sorumlu olan enzimleri kodlar. Gen polimorfizmleri ve kansere yatkınlık arasında bir ilişki olduğuna dair deliller vardır. Zararlı çevresel toksik maddelere bağlı olarak insanlarda kanser gelişimi ile sitokrom P450 polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişki giderek daha artan bir şekilde ilgi çekmektedir.Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, including metabolic activation of numerous enviromental carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 are among the most responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, especially for the metabolic activation of pre-carcinogens. There is evidence of association between gene polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. The association of CYP polymorphisms and human cancer risk due to hazardous enviromental toxicants, have attracted increasing attention

Fen bilimleri dersi 8.sınıf öğrencilerinin “kimyasal bağlar” konusundaki başarılarına ve derse yönelik tutumlarına drama destekli öğretimin etkisi

Bu çalışmada, Fen Bilimleri Dersi “Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” ünitesi “Kimyasal Bağlar” konusunun drama destekli öğretiminin öğrenci başarısına etkisi ve öğrencilerin öğretim sonrası Fen Bilimleri dersine yönelik tutumları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Balıkesir İli Dursunbey İlçesinde bir ortaokulun 8. sınıfında öğrenim gören 47 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışma, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel model olup veri toplama aracı Kimyasal Bağlar Başarı Testi (KR210.77) ve Fen Bilimleri Dersi Tutum ölçeğidir (Cronbach Alpha0.85). Deney grubunda (N:25), araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan drama senaryoları konunun öğretimini destekleyici şekilde uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda (N:22) ise geleneksel öğretime devam edilmiştir. Uygulama sonrasında elde edilen verilerin normal dağılıma uyması sonucunda, veriler İlişkili Örneklemler için t testi, İki Yönlü Varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Levene testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin Kimyasal Bağlar Başarı Testi son test puanları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı düzeyde fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca deney grubundaki öğrencilerin tutum puanı sonuçları ile kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin tutum puanı sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu (p,011) görülmüştür. Drama destekli öğretimin Kimyasal Bağlar konusunda öğrenci başarısını arttırdığı ve Fen Bilimleri dersine yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği öngörüsünde bulunulmuştur.This study reveals the effect of drama instruction techniques used for the topic “Chemical Bonds” in the unit “Structure of Matter” on students’ achievement levels. In addition, Students’ attitudes towards Science course after the instruction are examined. Study that took place during 2016-2017 academic years included 47 eight-grades studying at Balikesir Dursunbey district secondary school as participants. The study took up a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group, and it used Chemical Bonds Achievement Test (KR210.77) and Science Course Attitude Survey (Cronbach’s Alpha0.85) as data collection tools. Drama scenarios devised by the researcher were employed to support the instruction of the topic for the experimental group (n:25). For the control group (n:22), on the other hand, traditional methods were used in the instruction. The data were analyzed by running Paired-Samples T-Test, Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Levene’s test due to the matching of data with normal distribution. The interpretation of the data indicated a significant difference between Achievement Test gain scores of both groups considering post-tests, which was in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, it was deducted that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding their attitude scores (p,011). In conclusion, it was suggested that drama-assisted instruction increased achievements of students on Chemical Bonds, and that it affected students’ attitudes towards Science course in a positive way

A Rare Combination of Mosaic Ring Y Chromosome and Shox Gene Deletion in an Infertile Male

Y kromozomunun yapısal anomalileri sıklıkla testiküler disfonksiyon ile ilişkilidir. Bu anomaliler Y kromozomunun uzun ya da kısa kolununun delesyonları, izokromozom Y, izodisentrik Y kromozomu, ve ring Y kromozomu olabilir. Ring Y kromozomuna sahip hastalar Turner sendromu, ambiguus genitalya, kısa boy, infertilite gibi birçok farklı fenotiple karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing) geni X ve Y kromozomlarının psödootozomal 1 (PAR1) bölgelerinde yer alır ve bir kopyasında görülen fonksiyon kaybı boy kısalığı ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada infertilite nedeniyle polikliniğimize başvuran ve konvansiyonel sitogenetik analiz sonucunda 46,X,r (Y)/45,X mozaikliği tespit edilen hastada, Y kromozomunda ring yapıya ek olarak SHOX geni delesyonunun nadir görülen birlikteliği sunulmuştur.Structural rearrangements of the Y chromosome are frequently associated with testicular dysfunction. These anomalies may be long or short arm deletions of Y chromosome, isochromosome Y, isodicentric Y chromosome, and ring Y chromosome. Patients with ring Y chromosome can present with many different phenotypes, such as Turner's Syndrome, ambiguous genitalia, short stature and infertility. The SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing) gene is located in the pseudoautosomal 1 (PAR 1) region of the X and Y chromosomes and loss of function of one copy is associated with short stature. In this study, we present a rare combination of SHOX gene deletion in addition to the ring structure of Y chromosome in a patient who was referred to our clinic with infertility and having 46,X,r (Y) /45,X mosaicism as a result of conventional cytogenetic analysis

The effect of drama-assisted instruction on 8th-grade science students’ achievement on “chemical bonds” and their attitudes towards the course

Bu çalışmada, Fen Bilimleri Dersi “Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” ünitesi “Kimyasal Bağlar” konusunun drama destekli öğretiminin öğrenci başarısına etkisi ve öğrencilerin öğretim sonrası Fen Bilimleri dersine yönelik tutumları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaya 2016-2017 Öğretim Yılı Balıkesir İli Dursunbey İlçesinde bir ortaokulun 8. sınıfında öğrenim gören 47 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışma, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel model olup veri toplama aracı Kimyasal Bağlar Başarı Testi (KR210.77) ve Fen Bilimleri Dersi Tutum ölçeğidir (Cronbach Alpha0.85). Deney grubunda (N:25), araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan drama senaryoları konunun öğretimini destekleyici şekilde uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubunda (N:22) ise geleneksel öğretime devam edilmiştir. Uygulama sonrasında elde edilen verilerin normal dağılıma uyması sonucunda, veriler İlişkili Örneklemler için t testi, İki Yönlü Varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Levene testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, deney ve kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin Kimyasal Bağlar Başarı Testi son test puanları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı düzeyde fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca deney grubundaki öğrencilerin tutum puanı sonuçları ile kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin tutum puanı sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu (p,011) görülmüştür. Drama destekli öğretimin Kimyasal Bağlar konusunda öğrenci başarısını arttırdığı ve Fen Bilimleri dersine yönelik tutumlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği öngörüsünde bulunulmuştur.This study reveals the effect of drama instruction techniques used for the topic “Chemical Bonds” in the unit “Structure of Matter” on students’ achievement levels. In addition, Students’ attitudes towards Science course after the instruction are examined. Study that took place during 2016-2017 academic years included 47 eight-grades studying at Balikesir Dursunbey district secondary school as participants. The study took up a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test control group, and it used Chemical Bonds Achievement Test (KR210.77) and Science Course Attitude Survey (Cronbach’s Alpha0.85) as data collection tools. Drama scenarios devised by the researcher were employed to support the instruction of the topic for the experimental group (n:25). For the control group (n:22), on the other hand, traditional methods were used in the instruction. The data were analyzed by running Paired-Samples T-Test, Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Levene’s test due to the matching of data with normal distribution. The interpretation of the data indicated a significant difference between Achievement Test gain scores of both groups considering post-tests, which was in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, it was deducted that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding their attitude scores (p,011). In conclusion, it was suggested that drama-assisted instruction increased achievements of students on Chemical Bonds, and that it affected students’ attitudes towards Science course in a positive way

Evaluation of Liver Enzymes, Hemogram and Lipid Parameters in Acne Patients Using Systemic Isotretinoin

Amaç: Sistemik isotretinoin (SI), dirençli akne vulgaris tedavisinde, patogenezindeki dört faktöre de etki eden en etkin ajan olarak yerini korumaktadır.Bununla birlikte yol açtığı laboratuvar bozuklukları uzun yıllardır bildirilmektedir. Güncel çalışmalar bu bozuklukların anlık, geçici değişikliklerolabileceğini ve bu yüzden rutinde SI tedavisi sırasında laboratuvar parametrelerinin aylık izleminin gerekmediğine dikkati çekmektedir. Bu çalışmadaSI tedavisi alan akne hastalarında hemogram, lipid parametreleri ve karaciğer fonksiyon testlerindeki değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza şiddetli, skar bırakan nodülokistik akne ve 4 aylık sistemik antibiyotik tedavisine dirençli akne tanısı ile 0,5-1 mg/kgdozunda, 120-150 mg total kümülatif dozda SI tedavisi alan, 18-35 yaş arası 52 hasta dahil edildi. Tedavi başlangıcındaki, 3 aylık tedavi sonundakive 6 aylık tedavi sonundaki hemogram, karaciğer enzim ve lipit parametreleri istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların tedavi öncesi, tedavinin 3. ve 6. ayındaki laboratuvar sonuçları karşılaştırıldığında; gama glutamil transferaz, total kolesterol,trigliserit, düşük dansiteli lipoprotein değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış, beyaz küre değerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşme saptandı.Sonuç: Çalışma bulgularımıza göre SI tedavisi beyaz küre, gama glutamil transferaz, total kolesterol, trigliserit ve düşük dansiteli lipoproteinparametreleri üzerinde değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bununla birlikte tüm değişiklikler normal referans değeri aralığındadır. Bu nedenle tedavi süresince rutin aylık izlem yerine uygun bir diyet eşliğinde daha aralıklı takip önermekteyiz.Objectives: Systemic isotretinoin (SI) is the most effective agent in the treatment of resistant acne vulgaris, affecting all four pathogenetic factors. However, laboratory abnormalities caused by SI have been reported for many years. Current studies indicate that these disorders may be temporary transient changes, so that monthly monitoring of laboratory parameters is not required during routine SI therapy. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate changes in hemogram, lipid parameters and liver function tests in acne patients who received SI treatment. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 52 patients (18-35 years old) diagnosed with severe, nodular acne that leaves scars and resistant to 4 months systematic antibiotics treatment. Patients received SI treatment with 0.5-1 mg/kg dose, in total 120-150 mg cumulative dose. Hemogram, liver enzyme and lipid parameters are recorded before treatment and 3- and 6-month visits. Results: When the results of before treatment, 3- and 6-month visits are statistically compared, a significant increase is observed in the values of gamma glutamyl transferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein values and a significant decrease is observed in white sphere values. Conclusion: According to our study findings, the treatment of SI causes changes the white sphere, gamma glutamyl transferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein levels. At the same time all these changes are within the normal reference value limits. Therefore, during treatment, instead of routine monthly observation, we propose a proper diet and a more intermittent follow-up

Prolonged Harvest Time on Amniotic Cell Culture: Is it Offer Important in Prediction of Fetuses with Trisomies?

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was objected to investigate the difference in harvest time of amniotic fluids obtained at amniocentesis of normal and trisomic fetuses. STUDY DESIGN: 113 samples of amniotic fluid were obtained at amniocentesis procedures carried out for several indications at Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between August 2010 to August 2011. Harvest time on amniotic cell culture was both evaluated and compared in 100 samples with normal genetic results and 13 samples with trisomy results. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between normal and trisomic groups regarding age, gravidity, parity, and gestational week at amniocentesis (p>0.05). Mean harvest time in cultures of amniotic fluids obtained from genetically normal fetuses was 15.84±2.12 days (12-22 days), whereas it was 15.80± 2.47 days (13-20 days) in cultures of amniotic fluids obtained from trisomic gestations. There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding intervals to harvest. CONCLUSION: In this study, initial hypothesis was that there may be a possible association of prolonged harvest time with trisomic chromosomal aberrations. Our results concluded that harvest time does not differ between normal and trisomic amniotic fluid cultures

Problematic internet use in the psychiatric sample compared community sample

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı psikiyatrik bozukluğu olan ve olmayan ergenlerde internet kullanım özelliklerinin ve Problemli İnternet Kullanımının (PİK) araştırılmasıdır. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 12-18 yaşında 884 ergen katılmıştır. Psikiyatrik örneklem (PÖ) ve Toplum örnekleminin (TÖ) her birinde yaş/cinsiyet eşlenmiş 442 ergen bulunmaktadır. PÖ’de yer alanlar Çukurova - Mersin - Akdeniz Üniversitesi Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Polikliniklerine başvuran hastaları içermektedir. PİK internette bilimsel durum ölçeği (İBDÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: PÖ’de en sık tanı dikkat eksikliği hiper aktivite bozukluğudur (DEHB; n:260); bunu kaygı bozuklukları (KB; n:96) duygudurum bozuklukları (DDB; n:55) ve diğer bozukluklar (DB; n:31) izlemektedir. PÖ’de yer alan ergenlerin %23.3’ü haftada 8 saatten fazla internet kullandığını bildirirken, TÖ’de bu oran %10.6’dır (p=0.0001). PÖ’de yer alan ergenlerin İBDÖ ortalaması TÖ’de yer alanlardan yüksektir (p=0.0001). En yüksek İBDÖ ortalamalarının DEHB grubunda gözlenmiştir ve TÖ’den anlamlı biçimde farklıdır (p=0.0001). Sonuç: Bu çalışma ergenlerde psikopatoloji ve PİK ilişkisini desteklemektedir ve bu ilişki DEHB’li ergenler için daha belirgindir.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of internet use and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) in adolescents with and without psychiatric disorder. Methods: The present study was performed on 884 adolescents, who were in the age group of 12 to 18 years. Each o psychiatric sample (PS) and community sample (CS) included 442 age/gender matched adolescents. PS were patients at the child and adolescent psychiatry departments of Cukurova, Mersin and Akdeniz Universities. Online Cognition Scale (OCS) was used for PIU. Results: The most common diagnoses in PS were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n: 260), followed by anxiety disorders (AD; n: 96), mood disorders (MD; n: 55), and other disorders (OD; n: 31, 7.0%). 23.3% of participants in PS and 10.6% in CS reported use of internet for more than 8 hours/week (p=0.0001). Additionally, mean OCS scores of participants in PS were significantly higher than those in CS (p=0.0001). The highest OCS score average was observed in the ADHD group and it was significantly higher than that in CS (p=0.0001). Conclusion: This study has supported the relationship between PIU and psychopathology among adolescents which is more pronounced in adolescents with ADHD