LELEWANING BASA SAJRONING ANTOLOGI GEGURITAN SALAM SAPAN SAKAGUNUNG GAMPING ANGGITANENARYATA: Tintingan Stilistika

ABSTRAK      Geguritane Naryata karakit kanthi premati lan ngati-ati. Anggone ngracik ide, imajinasi lan anggone nulis kanthi basa kang endah, nuduhake yen tataran lan teknik nulis wis kecekel ing tangane. Geguritan-geguritane uga kebak tema sosial-masyarakat kang kebak dening pituduh lan gegambaran ngaurip. Nitik saka kahanan iku, panulis nduweni anggepan yen isi geguritane kasebut banget narik kawigaten kanggo ditliti lan dianalisis. Underaning panliten sajroning panliten iki yaiku : (1) Kepriye wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata? (2) Kepriye maknanetumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata? Tujuwaning panliten iki kanggo medharake reroncening tetembungan sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata kang ngandhut style lan njlentrehake makna apa wae kang bisa didudut saka geguritan-geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kanthi: (1) Ngandharake wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata; (2) Ngandharake maknane tumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata. Paedah ing panliten iki dikarepake bisa aweh sumbangan tumrap pangrembakane jagading sastra, babagan kritik sastra, mligine sastra kang awujud fiksi, lan bisaa nambahi seserepan saka panliten sadurunge utamane kang nggunakake tintingan kang sairib karo panliten iki. Uga asil panliten iki dikarepake bisa dadi salahsawijine referensi sastra, amarga salahsawijine jinis utawa genre karya sastra kang awujud geguritan iki mujudake geguritan basa Jawa kang bisa digunakake dadi piranti kanggo nguri-uri sastra Jawa lan dikarepake bisa nepungake bebrayan agung marang anane sastra Jawa. Kagiyatan panliten iki nggunakake rancangan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Panliten iki nduweni obyek sepuluh geguritane Naryata kang kaimpun sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping Lamongan kanthi pendekatanstilistika. Data ing panliten iki dikumpulake kanthi cara teknik wacan, nyathet lan metode kapustakan. Ing babagan tatacara pangolahing data, panliten iki nggunakake pendekatanstilistika. Asil panliten iki nuduhake yen lelewaning basakang onja lan katon digunakake sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kang nggunakake basa kias kaperang dadi 14 ing antarane, yaiku: (1) Klimaks, (2) Asidenton, (3) Polisidenton, (4) Metonimia, (5) Anafora, (6) Pleonasme, (7) Repetisi, (8) Retoris, (9) Sinekdoke, (10) Alegori, (11) Alusio, (12) Metafora, (13) Personifikasi, lan (14) Hiperbola. Dene lelewaning basa purwakanthikaperang dadi: (1) Purwakanthi Guru Sastra, (2) Purwakanthi Guru Swara. Makna kang kasil kadudut saka geguritan anggitane Naryata ing antarane ngenani urip sabendina, sejatining urip lumrah manungsa, katresnan kang sejati, lan apa wae kang samestine kudu dilakoni dening manungsa ing jaman modern iki. Kuncine tembung : geguritan, stilistika, Lelewaning Basa&nbsp

A Critical Assessment of Poverty Reducing Employment Strategies for Africa

This paper critically assessed some employment poverty reducing strategies put in place in Africa. From the assessment, it was realized that the strategies did not adequately contribute to generate decent and well remunerating jobs that could substantially curb poverty. As a result of this limited success of the strategies was partly attributed to limited public investments, inadequate planning and execution of development projects, dreadful mismanagement and poor allocation of resources, etc. Consequently, Africa habours about half of the world’s poor, vulnerable and underprivileged population. Thus, in an effort to reverse the situation, it is recommended that African countries should: provide professional and scientific training and education which is relevant to the needs of their economies; put in place a range of incentives which would attract foreign investments that will transform their primary and agricultural products locally; promote the intensive use of labour in implementing sustainable projects; and increase their investment in Science, Technology and Innovation. Keywords: Employment; Decent Jobs; Strategies; Poverty Alleviation; African Economies DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-3-01 Publication date: February 28th 202

The Role of Scientific Research in the Policy-Making Process in African Economies

The central argument of this paper is that it is the responsibility of university and research institutions to undertake objective scientific research which can serve as the basis of formulating sound and sustainable socio-economic development policies in African countries. Unfortunately, scientific research as a tool of government policy has not been given adequate attention by policy-makers in many African Countries. In fact, the relationship between policy-makers and university / research and training institutions in the continent has not been very encouraging, particularly in those countries which have not established formal national structures for interface and dialogue. Thus, for scientific research findings to have the desirable impact on the policy-making process and the socio-economic development in Africa, it is recommended among other things that: first, African governments should provide adequate funding and infrastructure for research; second, African universities and research institutions should aim at excellence by improving upon the quality of their scientific research, and properly address their research endeavours to the contemporary issues, challenges, and problems of national development; third,  an interface to promote collaboration and cooperation, build trust and confidence, and promote dialogue between policy-makers, university research and training institution backed by appropriate, adequate and broad database should be put in place. Keywords: Scientific Research; Policy-Making; Policy-Makers; University; Research Institutions, Interface; Africa DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-5-07 Publication date:May 31st 202

A Critical Assessment of Macro-Economic, Management and Policy Reforms in Africa

The paper assesses the macro-economic, management, and policy reforms implemented in Africa with the assistance of the Bretton Woods institutions. There is no doubt that they have, to some extent, improved the socio-economic development of African countries. However, they did not take into account the social dimension of their economies (health, education, poverty, employment, etc.). Thus, they were regarded not to have a human face. Therefore, redressing and adjusting African economies with the help of the Bretton Woods institutions are inadequate to propel the continent to higher and sustainable economic growth rates. Hence, African countries should elaborate and implement themselves policies, reforms, and programs adapted to their economies and development needs. Keywords: Macro-Economic, Management, Policy Reforms, CEMAC, Africa DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-9-10 Publication date:March 31st 2020

Assessing community involvement in the design, implementation and monitoring of REDD+ projects: a case study of Mount Cameroon National Park - Cameroon.

The success of Reduced Emission from Deforestation and land Degradation, forest conservation, sustainable forest management and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+), depends on effective participation of local communities because ultimately they are the ones to implement REDD+ on the ground and are the potential benefactors of such policy. But few studies have examined community involvement in the design, implementation and monitoring of REDD+ projects. This study critically examines the level of community’s engagement in the Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP) conservation project. Cluster multi-stage random sampling was used to collect data from 259 respondents from four geographical clusters with cultural and livelihood differences. Quantitative data were analysed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, t-test, ANOVA and linear-regression models to understand the contribution of predictors on independent variables, while Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests compare results and establish trends between different clusters respectively. Qualitative data were coded and thematically analysed to show different perceptions between different levels of stakeholders. Results show that insecure tenure, ineffective and inappropriate communication between park managers and communities, inadequate benefit-sharing mechanism, and top-down government strategies have impeded community's engagement in the REDD+ projects within all clusters. Communities perceive REDD+ as having the potential to conserve forest, generate income and improve livelihoods. However, the present level of local engagement in the MCNP conservation project makes the attainment of these goals difficult. REDD+ should be based on effective participatory bottom-up approaches that empower and allow more decision-making powers to communities to achieve effectiveness and potential co-benefit expectations of REDD+. Assessing community’s engagement as the project progresses should be embedded within strategies to ensure sustainability in REDD+. This study provides practical insights into the effective co-management of MCNP-REDD+ projects and recommends adaptable management strategies that favour appropriate social-safeguard standards for sustainability of any REDD+ projects

The Significance of Foreign Direct Investment to the Economic Development of Sub Saharan Economies

This paper attempts to evaluate the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the economic development of forty three (43) countries in Sub Saharan Africa. The Auto Regressive Vector (VAR) model was employed to effectuate econometric estimations, using annual data obtained from the database of the World Bank: World Development Indicators-WDI, 2018 for the period spanning from 1997 to 2017. The findings show that FDI has a negligible impact on the economic development of the countries studied; whereas economic development has a positive and strong impact on FDI. It is therefore recommended that: first African countries should develop value chains and attract FDI geared towards the transformation of their natural resources; and second they should improve pro-industry elements like adequate electricity supply, good transportation network, reduce corruption, and boost technological development to harness and accelerate their economic transformation. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Development, Sub Saharan Economie

LELEWANING BASA SAJRONING ANTOLOGI GEGURITAN SALAM SAPAN SAKAGUNUNG GAMPING ANGGITANENARYATA: Tintingan Stilistika

ABSTRAK      Geguritane Naryata karakit kanthi premati lan ngati-ati. Anggone ngracik ide, imajinasi lan anggone nulis kanthi basa kang endah, nuduhake yen tataran lan teknik nulis wis kecekel ing tangane. Geguritan-geguritane uga kebak tema sosial-masyarakat kang kebak dening pituduh lan gegambaran ngaurip. Nitik saka kahanan iku, panulis nduweni anggepan yen isi geguritane kasebut banget narik kawigaten kanggo ditliti lan dianalisis. Underaning panliten sajroning panliten iki yaiku : (1) Kepriye wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata? (2) Kepriye maknanetumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata? Tujuwaning panliten iki kanggo medharake reroncening tetembungan sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata kang ngandhut style lan njlentrehake makna apa wae kang bisa didudut saka geguritan-geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kanthi: (1) Ngandharake wujud lan teges panganggone lelewaning basasajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata; (2) Ngandharake maknane tumrap geguritan anggitane Naryata. Paedah ing panliten iki dikarepake bisa aweh sumbangan tumrap pangrembakane jagading sastra, babagan kritik sastra, mligine sastra kang awujud fiksi, lan bisaa nambahi seserepan saka panliten sadurunge utamane kang nggunakake tintingan kang sairib karo panliten iki. Uga asil panliten iki dikarepake bisa dadi salahsawijine referensi sastra, amarga salahsawijine jinis utawa genre karya sastra kang awujud geguritan iki mujudake geguritan basa Jawa kang bisa digunakake dadi piranti kanggo nguri-uri sastra Jawa lan dikarepake bisa nepungake bebrayan agung marang anane sastra Jawa. Kagiyatan panliten iki nggunakake rancangan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Panliten iki nduweni obyek sepuluh geguritane Naryata kang kaimpun sajroning Antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping Lamongan kanthi pendekatanstilistika. Data ing panliten iki dikumpulake kanthi cara teknik wacan, nyathet lan metode kapustakan. Ing babagan tatacara pangolahing data, panliten iki nggunakake pendekatanstilistika. Asil panliten iki nuduhake yen lelewaning basakang onja lan katon digunakake sajroning geguritan anggitane Naryata sajroning antologi Salam Sapan saka Gunung Gamping kang nggunakake basa kias kaperang dadi 14 ing antarane, yaiku: (1) Klimaks, (2) Asidenton, (3) Polisidenton, (4) Metonimia, (5) Anafora, (6) Pleonasme, (7) Repetisi, (8) Retoris, (9) Sinekdoke, (10) Alegori, (11) Alusio, (12) Metafora, (13) Personifikasi, lan (14) Hiperbola. Dene lelewaning basa purwakanthikaperang dadi: (1) Purwakanthi Guru Sastra, (2) Purwakanthi Guru Swara. Makna kang kasil kadudut saka geguritan anggitane Naryata ing antarane ngenani urip sabendina, sejatining urip lumrah manungsa, katresnan kang sejati, lan apa wae kang samestine kudu dilakoni dening manungsa ing jaman modern iki. Kuncine tembung : geguritan, stilistika, Lelewaning Basa&nbsp

Circulating serum C- reactive protein: a prognostic marker in naive patients with cancer at the Yaounde General Hospital

In Cameroon, the main determinant of cancer mortality is the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this work is to determine the relationship between C-reactive Protein (CRP) concentration and advanced cancer stage. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Yaoundé General Hospital. 276 naive patients with histological evidence of cancer were included in this study. Serum CRP level was correlated with the specific characteristics of the tumor. The study population was made of 74% women and 26% men with a minimum age of 22 years and a maximum age of 80 with an average age of 46 years. The cancer type with the highest prevalence was breast cancer (43.5%), followed by Kaposi's sarcoma (8.7%), Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (8.7%), CRP values were Classified into two groups based on pathological values (CRP≥ 6 mg/l) and non-pathological values (CRP <6 mg/l). The elevated CRP concentration was not significantly associated with the presence of metastasis M (P = 0.074), T-cancer stage (P = 0.09), N-lymph nodes (P = 0.111), advanced histological grade G-3 (P = 0.115) and cancer type (P = 0.124). Our study shows that elevated serum CRP is not a marker of cancer extension

Resource Warfare, Pacification and the Spectacle of ‘Green’ Development: Logics of Violence in Engineering Extraction in Southern Madagascar

Bringing political ecology's concern with the critical politics of nature and resource violence into dialogue with key debates in political geography, critical security studies and research on the geographies and phenomenology of violence and warfare, this paper explores strategies ‘from above’ in relation to the establishment and operation of the Rio Tinto QIT-Madagascar Minerals (QMM) ilmenite mine in southeast Madagascar. While QMM claims to be a responsible ‘green’ self-regulator and sustainable development actor, it has triggered serious social, environmental and legal conflicts since its inception, including allegations of a ‘double land grab’ to accommodate mining activities and compensatory biodiversity offsetting. We argue that ‘pacification’, theorised as a productive form of violence that works through the re-ordering of socio-nature, underwrites the forms of ‘security’, ‘stability’ and even ‘sustainability’ that facilitate multiple and overlapping strategies of value extraction in the territorial and extra-territorial spaces occupied by the QMM mine partnership. By situating these dynamics historically, we identify ways in which pacification draws upon sedimented and evolving logics of racialised violence to facilitate operations and silence opposition