EFFECT OF FATIGUING AND PREHEATING ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BULK-FILL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL COMPOSITE RESIN

Objective: To evaluate the effect of fatiguing and preheating on mechanical properties of bulk-fill composite resin and compare it to a conventional composite resin counterpart. Materials and Methods: Hundred and eighty specimen of Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (Bulk-Fill) and Filtek Supreme Ultra (Conventional) were prepared for each of the following tests: Fracture Toughness (ISO 6872), Diametral Tensile Strength (No. 27 of ANSI/ADA), Flexural Strength and Elastic Modulus (ISO standard 4049). Specimens in the preheated group were heated to 68º for 10 minutes and in the fatiguing group were cyclically loaded and thermocycled for 600000 cycles and then tested. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests for pairwise comparisons. Results: Preheating and fatiguing had a significant effect on the properties of both FSU and FOBR. Fracture toughness was increased for FOBR when specimens preheated and decreased when fatigued, FSU was not affected. Diametral tensile strength was decreased significantly after fatiguing for the FSU. FOBR had lower tensile strength for all groups when compared to FSU. Fatiguing significantly reduced flexural strength of both FSU and FOBR with latter significantly different than FSU. Preheating had no effect on the flexural strength of both. Preheating and fatiguing significantly decreased the elastic modulus of both composite resins equally. Conclusions: Preheating and fatiguing has an effect on the mechanical properties of composite resin. Preheating does not yield major negative effect.Master of Scienc

Development of PVT Correlations for Heavy Oils Using Smart Regression Technique

PVT analysis is an important part for most of reservoir and production engineering calculations. The most accurate data is usually provided by lab reports from samples taken from the field and send to the special PVT laboratories, this method is expensive. To find similar results, researchers were developing PVT correlations through the last 5o years, each correlation was generated utilizing specific field data, accordingly, the field characteristics has its influence in the accuracy of the output values, especially when these correlations has to be used for other field with or without the same characteristics. Through this project, measured PVT data will be collected and used to generate new models for oil physical fluid properties. Then the results will be compared with the most known published correlations. The technique to be used is Group Method of Data Handling which is a new approached used recently in oil and gas industr

Cultural Connotations And Linguistic Creativity In Malaysian English.

In this paper we will discuss the two faces of Malaysian English (ME) which is used in ,global, and 'global' discourses. Often times, these two interweave to form a common community identity

Etnopedagogi Pada Mata Pelajaran Budaya Melayu Riau (BMR) di Sekolah Dasar

Digantinya mata pelajaran muatan lokal arab melayu menjadi muatan lokal budaya Melayu Riau dikarenakan cakupan mata pelajaran muatan lokal arab melayu lebih sempit dibandingkan budaya melayu riau, dilihat dari buku arab melayu lebih fokus kepada penulisan arab melayu dan sedikit menceritakan tentang cerita rakyat menggunakan tulisan arab melayu sedangkan dimata pelajaran budaya melayu riau mencakup bahasa, tarian, adat istiadat, penulisan dan lain sebagainya yang berkaitan dengan malayu riau sehingga pembelajaran lebih luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis etnopedagogi pada mata pelajaran BMR terkhusus pada karakteristik masyarakat melayu yang dilakukan di SDN 193 Pekanbaru. Peneliatian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah naturalistic inquiry. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan model Miles & Huberman yaitu reduksi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan). Dalam pembelajaran BMR guru merancang dan menggunakan media pembelajaran, yang dimulai dari penyusunan RPP dan silabus pembelajaran sesuai dengan karakteristik masyarakat melayu, selain itu media pembelajaran yang guru gunakan sudah sesuai dengan budaya melayu melayu seperti menggunakan bahasa melayu, adat melayu, kesenian melayu yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pembelajaran BMR membentuk akhlak yang baik dan membentuk karakter siswa sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang berlaku di masyaraka

Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine vs. Artemether-Lumefantrine for First-Line Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in African Children: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Recent multi-centre trials showed that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) was as efficacious and safe as artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for treatment of young children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria across diverse transmission settings in Africa. Longitudinal follow-up of patients in these trials supported previous findings that DP had a longer post-treatment prophylactic effect than AL, reducing the risk of reinfection and conferring additional health benefits to patients, particularly in areas with moderate to high malaria transmission. We developed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of DP versus AL for first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in young children from the provider perspective, taking into consideration the post-treatment prophylactic effects of the drugs as reported by a recent multi-centre trial in Africa and using the maximum manufacturer drug prices for artemisinin-based combination therapies set by the Global Fund in 2013. We estimated the price per course of treatment threshold above which DP would cease to be a cost-saving alternative to AL as a first-line antimalarial drug. First-line treatment with DP compared to AL averted 0.03 DALYs (95% CI: 0.006-0.07) and 0.001 deaths (95% CI: 0.00-0.002) and saved $0.96 (95$1.23 per course of treatment. DP is superior to AL from both the clinical and economic perspectives for treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in young children. A paediatric dispersible formulation of DP is under development and should facilitate a targeted deployment of this antimalarial drug. The use of DP as first-line antimalarial drug in paediatric malaria patients in moderate to high transmission areas of Africa merits serious consideration by health policymakers

Colligations of Prepositions: Essential Properties of Legal Phraseology

Specialised discourses manifest the organising thoughts of the discourse community that speaks the language.  They are formed by a series of interrelated linguistic properties that are joined in sentences by small but very important lexico-grammatical properties - colligations of prepositions. This paper reviewed the linguistic properties that constitute these linguistic patterns (colligations of prepositions) as well as their semantic and pragmatic functions in legal discourse. The literature reveals that prepositions have both the lexical and grammatical statuses. They are prevalent in legal texts, and they play very important role in conveying the thoughts of the discourse community of the law. Proficient linguistic users are marked by having competence of these patterns. Due to the importance of colligations of prepositions in legal discourse, it is recommended that law students and legal scholars be taught colligations of prepositions explicitly rather than learning them implicitly.

Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference system equalization scheme in mode division multiplexing for optical fiber transmission

The performance of optical mode division multiplexing (MDM) is affected by intersymbol interference (ISI) from nonlinear channel impairments arising from higherorder mode coupling and modal dispersion in multimode fiber. However, the existing MDM equalization algorithms can only mitigate the linear distortion, but they cannot address nonlinear distortion in the signal accurately. Therefore, there is a need to explore how ISI can be mitigated to recover the transmitted signal. This research aims to control the broadening of the MDM signal and minimize the undesirable distortion among channels in MMF by signal reshaping at the receiver. A dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference system (DENFIS) equalization scheme has been used to achieve this objective. This research was conducted through a few steps commencing with modelling the MDM system in Optsim and collecting the data. Then, the signal reshaping parameters were determined. After that, DENFIS equalization, least mean square (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) equalizations were implemented and evaluated. Results illustrated that nonlinear DENFIS equalization scheme can improve MDM signal at a higher accuracy than previous linear equalization schemes. DENFIS equalization demonstrates better signal reshaping accuracy with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0338 and outperformed linear LMS and RLS equalization schemes with high average RMSE values of 0.101 and 0.1914 respectively. The reduced RMSE implies that DENFIS equalization scheme mitigates ISI more effectively in a nonlinear channel. This effect can hasten data transmission rates in MDM. Moreover, the successful offline implementation of DENFIS equalization in MDM encourages future online implementation of DENFIS equalization in embedded optical systems

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK KERTAS PADA PAPER AND BOARD MANUFACTURER PT. SURYA PAMENANG KEDIRI DI BAGIAN CONVERTING

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian survei, karena langsung terjun ke lapangan untuk \ud mengamati permasalahan yang terjadi. Berdasarkan survei tersebut maka diperoleh permasalahan \ud pada mesin Rewinder, Salvage Winder dan Sheet Cutter yang terdapat dibagian Converting yang \ud dalam prosesnya sering menghasilkan unit Nonkonformans atau unit ketidaksesuaian dengan \ud spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan. Maka dari itu penulis mengangkat judul “Pengendalian \ud Kualitas Produk Kertas Pada Paper and Board Manufacturer PT. Surya Pamenang Kediri Di \ud Bagian Converting”. \ud Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akar penyebab kerusakan out put yang dihasilkan \ud dari mesin rewinder, salvage winder, sheet cutter, dan untuk mengetahui berapa tingkat \ud kerusakan atau standar kerusakan yang bisa ditoleransi di bagian Converting. \ud Alat analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui akar penyebab masalah dengan menggunakan \ud analisis kwalitatif bertanya mengapa beberapa kali (metode why-why) dan untuk mengetahui \ud tingkat kerusakan atau standar kerusakan yang bisa ditoleransi menggunakan peta kontrol u. \ud Ukuran kalau ketidaksesuaian output kecil bisa diartikan tidak merugikan adalah LCL=U-\ud bar3SU dan ukuran kalau ketidaksesuaian output itu bisa ditoleransi adalah CL=U-bar=total \ud kerusakan selama periode tertentu dibagi lamanya pengamatan, sedangkan ukuran kalau \ud ketidaksesuaian output melampaui batas atau bisa diartikan merugikan adalah UCL=U-bar+3SU \ud dimana SU= \ud Hasil analisis menunjukan, bahwa akar penyebab kerusakan diakibatkan oleh faktor manusia 13 \ud kasus, yang kedua faktor mesin 9 kasus dan faktor lingkungan 2 kasus. Sedangkan dengan \ud metode peta kontrol U untuk mencari tingkat kerusakan yang bisa ditoleransi. Diketahui pada \ud mesin rewinder tingkat kerusakan yg di toleransi; awal/akhir gulungan jelek (10,535Kg), sisi \ud gulungan tidak rata (3,621Kg), gulungan kemasukan trim/laron (22,093Kg), gandeng \ud (33,356Kg), sisi potong kasar (29,477Kg), lebar/diameter-/+ (8,813Kg), core moncol \ud (12,479Kg), cacat roll (8,058Kg), streak (4,097Kg). Pada mesin salvage winder tingkat \ud kerusakan yg bisa di toleransi; kemasukan trim/katut (3,194Kg), sisi potong kasar (4,845Kg), \ud gulungan tidak rata (5,169Kg), cacat roll (0,695Kg), format +/- (1,377Kg), gandeng (78,142Kg), \ud streak (0,284Kg), core moncol (1,463Kg). Pada mesin sheet cutter tingkat kerusakan yg bisa di \ud toleransi; sisi potong kasar (0,281Kg), format salah (91,857Kg), format fariasi (2,019Kg), trim \ud katut/masuk (53,857Kg). \ud Berdasarkan kesimpulan diatas, penulis dapat mengimplikasikan bahwa sebaiknya PT.Surya \ud Pamenang di Kediri ; 1)Menetapkan batas kerusakan yang bisa ditoleransi di bagian Converting \ud agar memudahkan dalam mengontrol kinerja mesin, karyawan, dan dampak lingkungan. \ud 2)Membuat sejenis Vaccum Cleaner atau mesin penyedot debu yang fungsinya untuk \ud membersihkan laron pada waktu musim hujan. 3)Lebih meningkatkan komunikasi berlanjut (on \ud going communication) antara karyawan dan juga antar bagian, karena dengan komunikasi yang lancar, apa yang menjadi tujuan utama perusahaan yaitu high profit dan high quality mudah \ud dicapa

Thoughts on ‘Efficacy of RestoreX after prostatectomy: open‐label phase of an RCT’

Letter to the editor

Stimulus Control Effects of Changes in Schedules of Reinforcement

Sometimes, changes in consequences are accompanied by a clear stimulus change explicitly arranged by the experimenter. Other times when new consequences are in effect, there is little or no accompanying stimulus change explicitly arranged by the experimenter. These differences can be seen in the laboratory as multiple (signaled) schedules and mixed (unsignaled) schedules. The current study used college students and a single-subject design to examine the effects of introducing signaled and unsignaled schedules, and the transitions between them. In one phase, a card was flipped from purple to white every time the schedule was switched from VR-3 to FT-10. In another phase, the schedule still changed periodically, but the card always remained on the purple side. Results showed that the participants' responding was controlled by the schedule of reinforcement, by the color of the card, or both. These results suggest that changes in patterns of reinforcement lead to changes in stimulus control. In addition, the stimulus control for a behavior can come from several different sources. During teaching, it may facilitate the development of stimulus control to change the environment when a new behavior is required