14,513 research outputs found
Distinguishing Bulk-Diffusion from Surface-Desorption Limited Gas Release Processes
The release of a gas limited by surface desorption, or by diffusion from the
bulk of spherical pebbles is revisited. A method is proposed to identify the
release limiting process, by comparing a partial temperature ramp, up to
slightly beyond the release peak, followed by a rapid temperature drop, to a
second, full release ramp. Comparing the release curve from the second ramp to
that of the first one: i) the peak is unmoved in first order desorption
kinetics, and moves to higher temperature in the other cases, ii) as compared
to the Arrhenius analysis of the first curve, that of the second is, again,
identical in first order kinetics, in second order desorption it maintains the
slope but lowers the intercept at the reciprocal temperature origin, and it is
inapplicable in bulk diffusion kinetics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published as Ricardo E. Avila, Jap. J. Appl.
Phys. 45, 9254 (2006
\phi K^{+}K^{-} production in electron-positron annihilation
In this work we study the e^{+}e^{-}\to\phi K^{+}K^{-} reaction. The leading
order electromagnetic contributions to this process involve the \gamma*\phi\
K^{+}K^{-} vertex function with a highly virtual photon. We calculate this
function at low energies using R\chi PT supplemented with the anomalous term
for the VV'P interactions. Tree level contributions involve the kaon form
factors and the K*K transition form factors. We improve this result, valid for
low photon virtualities, replacing the lowest order terms in the kaon form
factors and K*K transition form factors by the form factors as obtained in
U\chi PT in the former case and the ones extracted from recent data on
e^{+}e^{-}\to KK* in the latter case. We calculate rescattering effects which
involve meson-meson amplitudes. The corresponding result is improved using the
unitarized meson-meson amplitudes containing the scalar poles instead of the
lowest order terms. Using the BABAR value for BR(X\to \phi f_{0})\Gamma (X\to
e^{+} e^{-}), we calculate the contribution from intermediate X(2175). A good
description of data is obtained in the case of destructive interference between
this contribution and the previous ones, but more accurate data on the
isovector K*K transition form factor is required in order to exclude
contributions from an intermediate isovector resonance to e^{+}e^{-}\to \phi\
K^{+}K^{-} around 2.2 GeV.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures. Revised version to appear in Phys. Rev. D.
Contributions of intermediate X(2175) included. Extraction of form factors
update
Mapping dynamical heterogeneity in structural glasses to correlated fluctuations of the time variables
Dynamical heterogeneities -- strong fluctuations near the glass transition --
are believed to be crucial to explain much of the glass transition
phenomenology. One possible hypothesis for their origin is that they emerge
from soft (Goldstone) modes associated with a broken continuous symmetry under
time reparametrizations. To test this hypothesis, we use numerical simulation
data from four glass-forming models to construct coarse grained observables
that probe the dynamical heterogeneity, and decompose the fluctuations of these
observables into two transverse components associated with the postulated
time-fluctuation soft modes and a longitudinal component unrelated to them. We
find that as temperature is lowered and timescales are increased, the time
reparametrization fluctuations become increasingly dominant, and that their
correlation volumes grow together with the correlation volumes of the dynamical
heterogeneities, while the correlation volumes for longitudinal fluctuations
remain small.Comment: v4: Detailed analysis of transverse and longitudinal parts. One
figure removed, two added. v3: Explicit decomposition into transverse and
longitudinal parts, discussion of correlation volumes. One more figure v2:
Modified introduction and forma
Charge transfer during individual collisions in ice growing by riming
The charging of a target by riming in the wind was studied in the temperature range of (-10, -18 C). For each temperature, charge transfers of both signs are observed and, according to the environmental conditions, one of them prevails. The charge is more positive as the liquid water concentration is increased at any particular temperature. It is found that even at the low impact velocities used (5 m/s) there is abundant evidence of fragmentation following the collision
Slow and Long-ranged Dynamical Heterogeneities in Dissipative Fluids
A two-dimensional bidisperse granular fluid is shown to exhibit pronounced
long-ranged dynamical heterogeneities as dynamical arrest is approached. Here
we focus on the most direct approach to study these heterogeneities: we
identify clusters of slow particles and determine their size, , and their
radius of gyration, . We show that , providing
direct evidence that the most immobile particles arrange in fractal objects
with a fractal dimension, , that is observed to increase with packing
fraction . The cluster size distribution obeys scaling, approaching an
algebraic decay in the limit of structural arrest, i.e., .
Alternatively, dynamical heterogeneities are analyzed via the four-point
structure factor and the dynamical susceptibility .
is shown to obey scaling in the full range of packing fractions,
, and to become increasingly long-ranged as
. Finite size scaling of provides a consistency
check for the previously analyzed divergences of and the correlation length . We check the robustness of our results with
respect to our definition of mobility. The divergences and the scaling for
suggest a non-equilibrium glass transition which seems
qualitatively independent of the coefficient of restitution.Comment: 14 pages, 25 figure
Optical turbulence vertical distribution with standard and high resolution at Mt. Graham
A characterization of the optical turbulence vertical distribution (Cn2
profiles) and all the main integrated astroclimatic parameters derived from the
Cn2 and the wind speed profiles above the site of the Large Binocular Telescope
(Mt. Graham, Arizona, US) is presented. The statistic includes measurements
related to 43 nights done with a Generalized Scidar (GS) used in standard
configuration with a vertical resolution Delta(H)~1 km on the whole 20 km and
with the new technique (HVR-GS) in the first kilometer. The latter achieves a
resolution Delta(H)~20-30 m in this region of the atmosphere. Measurements done
in different periods of the year permit us to provide a seasonal variation
analysis of the Cn2. A discretized distribution of Cn2 useful for the Ground
Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO) simulations is provided and a specific analysis
for the LBT Laser Guide Star system ARGOS (running in GLAO configuration) case
is done including the calculation of the 'gray zones' for J, H and K bands. Mt.
Graham confirms to be an excellent site with median values of the seeing
without dome contribution epsilon = 0.72", the isoplanatic angle theta0 = 2.5"
and the wavefront coherence time tau0= 4.8 msec. We find that the optical
turbulence vertical distribution decreases in a much sharper way than what has
been believed so far in proximity of the ground above astronomical sites. We
find that 50% of the whole turbulence develops in the first 80+/-15 m from the
ground. We finally prove that the error in the normalization of the
scintillation that has been recently put in evidence in the principle of the GS
technique, affects these measurements with an absolutely negligible quantity
(0.04").Comment: 11 figures. MNRAS, accepte
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