Lost in translation: case study of interpreting American SBUs by Russian EFL learners majoring in linguistics

The paper investigates difficulties Russian EFL learners have in interpreting American situation-bound utterances (SBUs). A case study involving 75 linguistics students translating SBUs is described. Their acceptable translations and mistakes in the interpretation of SBUs are analyzed and recommendations to improve teaching translation are given. A classification of SBUs is worked out for this purpose

The local repolarization heterogeneity in the murine pulmonary veins myocardium contributes to the spatial distribution of the adrenergically induced ectopic foci

An atrial tachyarrhythmias is predominantly triggered by a proarrhythmic activity originate from the pulmonary veins (PV) myocardial sleeves; sympathetic or adrenergic stimulation facilitates PV proarrhythmia. In the present study the electrophysiological inhomogeneity, spatiotemporal characteristics of the adrenergically induced ectopic firing and sympathetic nerves distribution have been investigated in a murine PV myocardium to clarify mechanisms of adrenergic PV ectopy. Electrically paced murine PV demonstrate atrial-like pattern of conduction and atrial-like action potentials (AP) with longest duration in the mouth of PV. The application of norepinephrine (NE), agonists of α- and β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) or intracardiac nerves stimulation induced spontaneous AP in a form of periodical bursts or continuous firing. NE- or ARs agonists-induced SAP originated from unifocal ectopic foci with predominant localization in the region surrounding PV mouth, but not in the distal portions of a murine PV myocardium. A higher level of catecholamine content and catecholamine fiber network density was revealed in the PV myocardial sleeves relative to LA appendage. However, no significant local variation of catecholamine content and fiber density was observed in the murine PV. In conclusion, PV mouth region appear to be a most susceptible to adrenergic proarrhythmia in mice. Intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of AP duration can be considered as a factor influencing localization of the ectopic foci in PV. © 2019, The Physiological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature.18-34-00931The study is supported by RFBR 18-34-00931 grant. AP Action potentials AR Adrenergic receptors EAD Early afterdepolarization DAD Delayed afterdepolarization DD Diastolic depolarization SAP Spontaneous action potentials RMP Resting membrane potentials LA Left atria LAA Left atria appendage PKA Proteinkinase A PV Pulmonary veins PNS Postganglionic nerves stimulation NCX Natrium-sodium exchanger NE Norepinephrine PHE Phenylephrine ISO Isoproterenol

СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ДИНАМИКА СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ: ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ МИГРАЦИИ И СПОРТА

This article analyzes the driving factors of socio-cultural dynamics of modernity, as one of which examines migration and its consequences. Recent wave of refugees’ giant stream from the Middle East, mainly Islamic religion, hit the quiet and secured Western Europe that was the object of their aspirations. The countries of Western Europe priority oriented on secular values are radically far from the familiar world of migrants, which exacerbates for the latter a problem of transitional period.Active participation in various forms of sports interaction and success achievement in this field is proposed and grounded in the article as the optimal way of effective inculturation of migrants in the European community. The attempt to use sport as an element of cultural innovation has been made repeatedly which shows its creative potential. Various tendencies, such as Taylorism, futurism (Russian and European), fascism, Soviet “anthroposociology”, functionalism and ideological movement of technocrats actively exploited symbols, images, features and ideas of sport. The field of sport acts as a space of opportunities for exercise, playback and development of behavior patterns as for specific individuals and for certain social groups with the subsequent carrying over to real life with a certain degree of success.Статья посвящена анализу движущих факторов социокультурной динамики современности, в качестве одного из которых исследуется миграция и ее последствия. Современная волна гигантского потока беженцев из стран Ближнего Востока, преимущественно исламского вероисповедания, обрушилась на спокойную и обеспеченную Западную Европу, явившуюся объектом их устремлений. Страны Западной Европы, приоритетно ориентирующиеся на светские ценности, кардинально далеки от привычного мира мигрантов, что обостряет для последних проблему переходного периода. В качестве одного из путей эффективной инкультурации мигрантов в европейское сообщество обсуждается задействование сферы спорта. Попытка использовать спорт как элемент культурной инноватики предпринималась неоднократно, что свидетельствует о его творческом потенциале. Разнообразные течения, такие как тейлоризм, футуризм (европейский и русский), фашизм, советская “антропомаксимология”, функционализм и идеологическое движение технократов активно экс-плуатировали символы, образы, черты и идеи спорта. Сфера спорта выступает как пространство возможностей для тренировки, проигрывания и выработки моделей поведения, как для конкретных индивидов, так и для отдельных социальных групп и даже целых государств, с их последующим переносом с определенной долей успешности в реальную жизнь

Methodology of contract managers’ project competency formation in CPE

The paper defines and systematizes the key methods, which influence the results of continuing professional education (further referred to as “CPE”) implementation and quality control of CPE process. All this will allow providing coaches, tutors, business consultants, contract managers and professionals with an effective tool to identify and improve project competency of contract managers (contract officers, specialists in procurement further referred to as “contract managers”). The key methodused is a logicalmodeling, which allows to examine the problem of project competency formation as a purposeful and conscious process of forming professional skills of contract managers. The following approaches were also used: statistical and heuristic techniques, such as questionnaires, interviews of representative groups of contract managers. The authors introduce a study on key points in formation of project competency of contract managers at different levels: as a specialist in procurement and expert in procurement, according to professional standards, adopted by the Ministry of Labour of the Russian Federation № 625n and № 626n of 10.09.2015. The authors give some recommendations on project competency formation of contract managers, taking into consideration competency-based and business oriented training. The mentioned above approach in CPE, in authors’s opinion, contributes to the efficient development of competencies (competency clusters) of contract managers according to the expectations and interests of employers on the labour market. Aspects of project competency and stages of formation of such competency are considered from several perspectives. In order to cover above-mentioned issues the specially developed questionnaire was suggested by authors. The authors used a systematic literature review approach, starts with literature review, problems identification, selection process, assess, synthesize and write down the ideas proposed, and then make conclusions. © 2016 Pecherskaya et al

INFLUENCE OF HELIOGEOPHYSICAL FACTORS ON HUMAN HEALTH

The purpose of this work is the development of the connection between a level of geomagnetic activity and a quantity of emergency calls for cardiovascular diseases. To perform the study we analyzed data on the quantity of emergency calls in Irkutsk during 8years period (2001-2004, 2007-2010). In total we analyzed 1460 days, 8942 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 1953 cases of intra-cerebral hemorrhage. There is a significant positive correlation between the number of ambulance calls for acute vascular pathology (myocardial infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage) and the Kp index over all years of study

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of interregional interactions in ensuring economic security

The adoption of strategies for the spatial development of the Russian Federation, national and economic security has brought the study of inter-regional interactions up to date. In this regard, the authors have reviewed the theoretical and methodological approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the issues of interregional cooperation in various branches of science and production. Interpretations of the concepts “inter-regional interaction”, “economic security” and “economic security of the region” are analysed. The role of inter-regional cooperation, especially inter-regional investment projects, as critical factors in ensuring regional economic security is emphasised. Groups of potential risks and risk-forming factors for joint inter-regional infrastructure projects are identified. Interregional projects are classified according to their scope and purpose: 1) in the production sphere; 2) projects promoting innovation; 3) projects aiming at infrastructure development. Examples of existing interregional projects in the Ural Federal District are presented. The study uses general scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the further development of new theoretical and methodological approaches to solving the problems of inter-regional cooperation

Evidence for a Direct Harmful Effect of Alcohol on Myocardial Health: A Large Cross-Sectional Study of Consumption Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers From Northwest Russia, 2015 to 2017.

Background Alcohol drinking is an increasingly recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, there are few studies of the impact of harmful and hazardous drinking on biomarkers of myocardial health. We conducted a study in Russia to investigate the impact of heavy drinking on biomarkers of cardiac damage and inflammation. Methods and Results The Know Your Heart study recruited a random sample of 2479 participants from the population of northwest Russia (general population) plus 278 patients (narcology clinic subsample) with alcohol problems. The general population sample was categorized into harmful drinkers, hazardous drinkers, nonproblem drinkers, and nondrinkers, according to self-reported level of alcohol consumption, whereas the narcology clinic sample was treated as the separate group in the analysis. Measurements were made of the following: (1) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, (2) NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and (3) hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). The narcology clinic subsample had the most extreme drinking pattern and the highest levels of all 3 biomarkers relative to nonproblem drinkers in the general population: high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T was elevated by 10.3% (95% CI, 3.7%-17.4%), NT-proBNP by 46.7% (95% CI, 26.8%-69.8%), and hsCRP by 69.2% (95% CI, 43%-100%). In the general population sample, NT-proBNP was 31.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-67.2%) higher among harmful drinkers compared with nonproblem drinkers. Overall, NT-proBNP and hsCRP increased with increasing intensity of alcohol exposure (test of trend P<0.001). Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that heavy alcohol drinking has an adverse effect on cardiac structure and function that may not be driven by atherosclerosis

RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO GEOMAGNETIC STORMS

At present, influence of weak magnetic fields associated with solar and geomagnetic activity on biological systems is gaining more interest. Taking into account the accumulated data on the influence of geomagnetic storms on different biological levels, it is obvious that the mechanism of influence is universal. One of the approaches in this search may be the study of patterns and differences in the response to geomagnetic storms of various biological objects. As a research material served: data on the number of ambulance calls in the city of Irkutsk for acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction; results of retrospective analysis of the number of spontaneous parturition of the city of Irkutsk; data on the motion activity of fruit fly Drosophyla melanogaster, obtained by automated monitoring. The investigated indicators were compared with the parameters of geomagnetic activity at different time scales. As indicators of geomagnetic storms, three-hour (ap) and daily (Ap) equal to the average amplitude of variation of the geomagnetic field of the Earth. In the case of comparing the motion activity of fruit flies with magnetic storms, the local companions of the Earth’s magnetic field were additionally considered according to the data of the Irkutsk magnetic observatory. As a result of the conducted studies it was established that the detected response of biological systems depends on the characteristics of the state of the Earth’s magnetic field, which falls on the period of passage of magnetic storms. The obtained data also indicate possible gender differences in the response to the effects of the geomagnetic factor by organisms of different levels

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 reverses glaucomatous lesions in rabbits

Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma.Original article is published in: Frontiers in Bioscience, Landmark, 20, 892–901, January 1, 2015Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This disease is characterized by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and visual field loss that seems to be related to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several lines of evidences have implicated the crucial role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress in RGC may underlie or contribute to susceptibility of RGC to apoptosis. In our work we (i) designed a rabbit model of chronic, moderately elevated IOP for studying glaucoma and (ii) demonstrated efficacy of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 as a tool to reverse several traits of experimental glaucoma induced by a series of injections of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) to the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. It is shown that 6 months instillations of drops of 0.2.5–5 µM solution of SkQ1 normalize IOP and eye hydrodynamics and abolish an increase in lens thickness that accompanies glaucoma